"A Membrane Receptor for Retinol Binding Protein Mediates Cellular Uptake of Vitamin A". Science. 315 (5813): 820-825. Bibcode: ... vitamin A2), (3R)-3-hydroxyretinal, (3S)-3-hydroxyretinal (both vitamin A3), and (4R)-4-hydroxyretinal (vitamin A4). Many fish ... Retinal, bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of visual phototransduction, the light-detection stage of ... The absorbance spectrum of the chromophore depends on its interactions with the opsin protein to which it is bound, so that ...

The pump consists of a single protein bound to a Vitamin A derivative, retinal. The pump may have accessory pigments (e.g., ... This drives the protein to change shape and pump a proton across the membrane. The hydrogen ion gradient can then be used to ... This flow of electrons through the proteins causes hydrogen ions to be pumped across a membrane. The energy stored in this ... carotenoids) associated with the protein. When light is absorbed by the retinal molecule, the molecule isomerises. ...

... hydrogenobyrinic acid-binding protein and CobH. This enzyme is part of the biosynthetic pathway to cobalamin (vitamin B12) in ... Roth JR, Lawrence JG, Rubenfield M, Kieffer-Higgins S, Church GM (1993). "Characterization of the cobalamin (vitamin B12) ...

Saliva also contains a glycoprotein called haptocorrin which is a binding protein to vitamin B12. It binds with the vitamin in ... The freed vitamin B12 then binds to intrinsic factor which is then absorbed by the enterocytes in the ileum. The stomach is a ... Vitamin B12 (cobalamin), is carried to, and through the stomach, bound to a glycoprotein secreted by the salivary glands - ... When it reaches the duodenum, pancreatic enzymes break down the glycoprotein and free the vitamin which then binds with ...

The amount of vitamin A leaving the liver, bound to retinol binding protein (RBP), is under tight control as long as there are ... Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, a category that also includes vitamins D, E and K. The vitamin encompasses several ... Vitamin A is found in many foods. Vitamin A in food exists either as preformed retinol - an active form of vitamin A - found in ... Within the cell, retinol is there bound to retinol binding protein 2 (RBP2). It is then enzymatically reesterified by the ...

Sequential binding of actin monomers to plasma gelsolin and its inhibition by vitamin D-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res ... The role of plasma gelsolin and the vitamin D-binding protein in clearing actin from the circulation. J Clin Invest. 1986; 78: ... Ligand-sensitive binding of the high-affinity IgG receptor (FcgR1) to actin-binding protein. Cell. 1991; 67:275-282. 114. ... Localization of the domain actin-binding protein that binds to glycoprotein Ib and actin in human platelets. J Biol Chem. 1988 ...

Protein-binding capacity is the limiting factor for vitamin storage. Total body stores, the majority in muscle, with a lesser ... Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin, one of the B vitamins. The vitamin actually comprises a group of six chemically related ... Wu Y, Zhang L, Li S, Zhang D (April 2021). "Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with ... Overconsumption of seeds from Ginkgo biloba can deplete vitamin B6, because the ginkgotoxin is an anti-vitamin (vitamin ...

... vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in domestic cats". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & ... Natural sources of Vitamin E are primarily plant based and therefore cat diets with high amounts of raw protein, such as fish, ... Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that occurs in three forms; retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. It is most well known for ... The precursors for vitamin A are beta-carotenes which get converted to vitamin A, predominantly in the liver. Cats rely on ...

Two faint bands may be seen representing alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and vitamin D binding protein. These bands fuse and intensify ... Alpha-1 antitrypsin has an SG group and thiol compounds may be bound to the protein altering their mobility. A decreased band ... As a positive acute phase reactant, AAT is increased in acute inflammation.[citation needed] Bence Jones protein may bind to ... The net charge on a protein is based on the sum charge of its amino acids, and the pH of the buffer. Proteins are applied to a ...

The same blood type marker, albumin, was linked to another blood protein called vitamin D-binding protein. In 1982, a linkage ... Andersson, L; Sandberg, K (Mar-Apr 1982). "A linkage group composed of three coat color genes and three serum protein loci in ... grouping was proposed, including three genes for serum proteins, and three for coat color: tobiano spotting, chestnut, and roan ...

... and vitamin D-binding protein gene family". J Biol Chem. 269 (27): 18149-54. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32429-8. PMID 7517938. " ... "Physical and meiotic mapping of the region of human chromosome 4q11-q13 encompassing the vitamin D binding protein DBP/Gc- ... These four genes encode structurally related serum transport proteins that are known to be evolutionarily related. The protein ... "Afamin is a novel human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein characterization and in vitro expression". J. Proteome Res. 4 (3): 889- ...

Beta-Carotene is required to synthesize vitamin A and vitamin A is needed to synthesize retinol. A lack of retinol-binding ... Benoldi, D.; Manfredi, G.; Pezzarossa, E.; Allegra, F. (1 December 1981). "Retinol binding protein in normal human skin and in ... The reactive oxygen species consume the skin antioxidants beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Supplementation of these ... The most common deficiencies are beta-Carotene, retinol, vitamin A and vitamin C. ...

"Identification of thioredoxin-binding protein-2/vitamin D(3) up-regulated protein 1 as a negative regulator of thioredoxin ... "Identification of thioredoxin-binding protein-2/vitamin D(3) up-regulated protein 1 as a negative regulator of thioredoxin ... mediates nuclear translocation of thioredoxin-binding protein-2/vitamin D(3)-up-regulated protein 1". The Journal of Biological ... Champliaud MF, Viel A, Baden HP (Oct 2003). "The expression of vitamin D-upregulated protein 1 in skin and its interaction with ...

In tocopherols, this is due to the preference of the tocopherol binding protein for the α-tocopherol form of the vitamin. As a ... Vitamin E prescriptions decreased by 53% while vitamin C remained constant and vitamin D increased by 454%. A report on vitamin ... Institute of Medicine (2000). "Vitamin E". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. ... Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin E and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from ...

Lastly, vitamin D has also been shown to promote the expression of calcium binding proteins that are known to possess anti- ... Vitamin D (the inactive version) is mainly from two forms: vitamin D3 and vitamin D2. Vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, is formed ... Vitamin D also play a role in phosphate absorption. Hypovitaminosis D is any deficiency of vitamin D. A vitamin D blood- ... In addition to vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor (VDR) proteins are also found in the brain; more specifically, they ...

... a free form and a complex form bound to complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the ... Protein S is partly homologous to other vitamin K-dependent plasma coagulation proteins, such as protein C and factors VII, IX ... Dahlbäck B (1991). "Protein S and C4b-binding protein: components involved in the regulation of the protein C anticoagulant ... Griffin JH, Gruber A, Fernández JA (1992). "Reevaluation of total, free, and bound protein S and C4b-binding protein levels in ...

When found in foods, most pantothenic acid is in the form of CoA or bound to acyl carrier protein (ACP). For the intestinal ... Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. All animals need pantothenic acid in order to ... Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, one of the B vitamins. It is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic ... When this presumption was later determined not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name, hence "vitamin". Vitamin ...

"Crystal structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein bound to its ligand: implications for ataxia with vitamin E ... This domain is named after cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and TRIO guanine exchange factor. CRALB protein ... Peripheral membrane proteins, Protein domains, Water-soluble transporters, All stub articles, Membrane protein stubs). ... The N-terminal domain of yeast ECM25 protein has been identified as containing a lipid binding CRAL-TRIO domain. The Sec14 ...

"Crystal structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein bound to its ligand: implications for ataxia with vitamin E ... Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTPA gene. Familial isolated vitamin E ... Wolf AT, Medcalf RL, Jern C (2005). "The t-PA -7351C>T enhancer polymorphism decreases Sp1 and Sp3 protein binding affinity and ... 2003). "The molecular basis of vitamin E retention: structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein". J. Mol. Biol. 331 (3 ...

Expression was found in different neurons than that of the similar vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28kDa ... Members of this protein family have six EF-hand domains which bind calcium. This protein plays a role in diverse cellular ... In humans, the calretinin protein is encoded by the CALB2 gene. This gene encodes an intracellular calcium-binding protein ... Poblet E, Jimenez F, de Cabo C, Prieto-Martin A, Sánchez-Prieto R (Jun 2005). "The calcium-binding protein calretinin is a ...

This protein binds strongly to vitamin B12 in what is an intricate and necessary mechanism to protect this vitamin from the ... "Entrez Gene: transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein". Pettit JD, Moss P (2006). Essential Haematology 5e (Essential). ... 50-51 Vitamin B12 is therefore an important vitamin for the body to absorb. Despite its vital role however, vitamin B12 is ... In the duodenum, the free vitamin B12 attaches to the intrinsic factor (IF) to create a vitamin B12-IF complex. This complex ...

As the name implies, Calbindin functions as a calcium-binding protein thereby enhancing calcium absorption. As a result of the ... Vitamin D stimulates absorption of calcium from the GI tract through its interaction with receptors in the enterocyte. Vitamin ... In order to make the health claim "A healthy diet adequate in calcium and vitamin D, and regular physical activity, help to ... The meta-analysis included all the randomized trials in which calcium, or calcium in combination with vitamin D, was used to ...

Roff A, Wilson RT (March 2009). "A Novel SNP in a Vitamin D Response Element of the CYP24A1 Promoter Reduces Protein Binding, ... This sequence binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR), when complexed with calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, ... Vitamin D response element (VDRE) is a type of DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. ... from the VDR/RXR complex binding to the VDRE to the proteins responsible for transcription such as RNA polymerase II binding to ...

... epididymal-retinoic acid binding protein (E-RABP); insectacyanin; odorant binding protein (OBP); human pregnancy-associated ... This family of proteins plays a part in the biological system of terminal prostaglandin synthesis. Retinol, (vitamin A), is an ... and finally bound to retinol binding proteins (lipocalins) in the blood plasma. Because lipocalins are extracellular proteins, ... The name "lipocalin" has been proposed for this protein family, but cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins are also included. ...

"Gene targeting by the vitamin D response element binding protein reveals a role for vitamin D in osteoblast mTOR signaling". ... Lisse TS, Hewison M, Adams JS (March 2011). "Hormone response element binding proteins: novel regulators of vitamin D and ... and C2 proteins: a diversity of RNA binding proteins is generated by small peptide inserts". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 ( ... bound vitamin D receptor (VDR). This relationship is disrupted by elevated HNRNPC, causing a form of hereditary vitamin D- ...

... btuCED genes involved in vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coli and homology with components of periplasmic-binding-protein- ... vitamin B12in The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and vitamin B12, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and ... In enzymology, a vitamin B12-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + ... Kuan G, Dassa E, Saurin W, Hofnung M, Saier MH (1995). "Phylogenetic analyses of the ATP-binding constituents of bacterial ...

The photopigment rhodopsin found in human rod cells is composed of retinal, a form of vitamin A, bound to an opsin protein. ... Calcium binds to a modulatory protein, which is proposed to be GUCA1B, removing this protein's stimulatory effect on guanylyl ... Institute of Medicine (2001). "Vitamin A". Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper ... Vitamin A-based opsin proteins have been used for sensing light in organisms for most of evolutionary history beginning ...

... has been shown to bind to the following ligands: Albumin Vitamin D-binding protein Hemoglobin Myoglobin Angiotensin II ... 460-kDa protein that facilitates endocytosis of intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 and binds receptor-associated protein". The ... Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 also known as LRP-2 or megalin is a protein which in humans is encoded by ... The fraction of LRP2 at the apical surface is important for the continued ability of the protein to reabsorb filtered proteins ...

... s are carrier proteins which bind cobalamin (B12). Transcobalamin I (TCN1), also known as haptocorrin, R-factor, ... It primarily serves to protect cobalamin (Vitamin B12) from acid degradation in the stomach by producing a Haptocorrin-Vitamin ... which now binds to intrinsic factor for absorption by ileal enterocytes. Transcobalamin II (TCN2) binds cobalamin once it has ... a vitamin B12 transport protein, by stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages". Biomédicine. 27 (6): 213-4. PMID 907799. ...

They are used to increase the water-binding and emulsifying ability of meat proteins, but also limit lipid oxidation and flavor ... While taste quality may vary between meats, the proteins, vitamins, and minerals available from meats are generally consistent ... vitamin B6, choline, riboflavin and iron. Several forms of meat are also high in vitamin K. Muscle tissue is very low in ... myofibrillar proteins, about 5.5 percent of mass).: 75 There are several hundred sarcoplasmic proteins.: 77 Most of them - the ...