Examples are chronic infections of implanted medical devices such as catheters and artificial joints, urinary tract infections ... Antibiotic tolerance can be caused by a reversible physiological state in a small subpopulation of genetically identical cells ... Jayaraman, R (December 2008). "Bacterial persistence: some new insights into an old phenomenon". Journal of Biosciences. 33 (5 ... Persister cells have entered a non-growing, or extremely slow-growing physiological state which makes them tolerant ( ...

Other biological examples of a catch bond mechanism is seen in bacteria that tightly cling to urinary tract walls in response ... This paradoxical phenomenon has not been satisfactorily explained despite the widespread interest. One initially dismissed ... This topic was finally able to be studied thoroughly under physiological shear stress conditions using a typical flow chamber. ... Selectins (E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin) were found to be involved in this phenomenon. The shear threshold ...

Such physiological and cognitive functions are generally not believed to give rise to mental phenomena or qualia, however, as ... Stretch receptors in the gastrointestinal tract sense gas distension that may result in colic pain. Stimulation of sensory ... Stimulation of sensory receptors in the urinary bladder and rectum may result in perceptions of fullness. Stimulation of ... Nociception (physiological pain) signals nerve-damage or damage to tissue. The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous ( ...

Urology - medical and surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive ... Space Science - discipline encompassing the fields of study that involve space exploration and the study of natural phenomena ... Pathophysiology - study of the changes of normal mechanical, physiological, and biochemical functions, either caused by a ... Building science - collection of scientific knowledge that focuses on the analysis and control of the physical phenomena ...

... including aging and lower urinary tract dysfunction. RMDN3 has been shown to interact with: PTP1B, TCPTP, c-Src, 14-3-3β, 14-3- ... Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (Aug 1972). "Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue ... Apoptosis occurs in many physiological and pathological processes. It plays an important role during embryonal development as ...

Females treated with an oxytocin antagonist are unable to recognize the urinary scent of their mate, and will terminate ... The hormone vasopressin is crucial in coupling a chemosensory cue with an appropriate physiological response. When the ... accessory olfactory tract, and stria terminalis. These areas stimulate the hypothalamus to increase the release of dopamine, ... Laboratory artifact or field phenomenon?". Biology of Reproduction. 31 (1): 97-103. doi:10.1095/biolreprod31.1.97. PMID 6380603 ...

Urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence have been linked to all methods of childbirth, with the incidence of urinary ... Postpartum physiological changes Postpartum care Postpartum confinement, a period of rest Romano, Mattea; Cacciatore, ... Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two ... are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually ...

... is expressed at very high levels in intestinal, urinary, and reproductive tract smooth muscle, at lower levels in ... This could be a physiologically significant phenomenon considering the high concentration of ATP always present in smooth ... Smooth muscle myosin, under physiological conditions in vitro, can adapt two relatively and different stable conformations. ...

Long-term consequences include urinary tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, pain during intercourse, and difficulties in ... or physiological norms". This designation has prioritized research into the extent, cause, and potential mitigation of health ... health disparities have distinguished medical treatment for men and women due to the cultural phenomenon of preference for male ... that reported discrimination have been shown to have an increase risk of hypertension in addition to other physiological stress ...

These include (chronic) upper genital tract infections, urinary tract infections and cervical dysplasias. The prophylactic use ... Inactivated material from the eight strains is mixed and diluted with physiological sodium chloride solution. Phenol is added ... Multiple authors have proposed cellular immunological phenomena as the primary mediators of protective effect of lactobacillus ... upper genital tract infection (5) urinary tract infection (6) infertility (7) genital lesions and tumors (8) trichomoniasis ...

An Arginine to Glutamine mutation in TRL2, Arg753Gln, was connected to increased pediatric Urinary Tract Infections caused by ... This phenomenon occurs when complementary molecules on opposing cell surfaces meet. A receptor on one cell surface binds to its ... These interactions can generate the physiological diversity required for antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations. The ... Tabel, Y.; Berdeli, A.; Mir, S. (December 2007). "Association of TLR2 gene Arg753Gln polymorphism with urinary tract infection ...

"Electronic Learning Module for Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases". Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2015-12- ... cataracts and thrombotic phenomena and/or embolisms. People with Corticosteroid dependent: proteinuria appears when the dose of ... or in cases with physiological repercussions, such as scrotal, preputial or urethral edema) or in people with one of a number ... The ratio between urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine can be used in the absence of a 24-hour urine test for total ...

... the urinary tract, and the digestive tract. It is not found in the heart which has cardiac muscle. In single-unit smooth muscle ... This phenomenon is of great value especially for tonically active smooth muscle. Isolated preparations of vascular and visceral ... Sanders, KM; Ward, SM; Koh, SD (July 2014). "Interstitial cells: regulators of smooth muscle function". Physiological Reviews. ... The reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, skin, eye, and vasculature all contain this tonic muscle type. ...

He went to a doctor... [who conducted a blood test which showed that] he had a blocked urinary tract... [and that] his kidneys ... "psycho-physiological rehabilitation of sportsmen", believed Fischer had schizophrenia. Psychologist Joseph G. Ponterotto, from ... The US grandmaster Robert Byrne labeled the phenomenon "Fischer-fear". Grandmasters would wilt, their suits would crumple, ... He originally had a urinary tract blockage but refused surgery or medication. Magnús Skúlason reported Fischer's response to ...

... to satisfy essential physiological needs because no toilet is available contributes to health issues such as urinary tract ... As an act of protest against this phenomenon, in 1969 California Assemblywoman March Fong Eu destroyed a toilet on the steps of ... and urinary tract infections. According to the Government of Australia, more than 3.8 million Australians of all ages are ... of transgender Americans reported having developed urinary tract infections, kidney infections, and other kidney-related ...

Men tend to experience incontinence less often than women, and the structure of the male urinary tract accounts for this ... Andersson KE, Arner A (July 2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology". Physiological ... This is sometimes termed "double incontinence". Post-void dribbling is the phenomenon where urine remaining in the urethra ... The most common types of urinary incontinence in women are stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. Women ...

Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). "Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract: Basis for Current and Future Treatments of Urinary ... Scientists believe the phenomenon could be linked to obesity or exposure to chemicals in the food chain, and is putting girls ... Mechanisms of these social effects are unknown, though a variety of physiological processes, including pheromones, have been ... Robinson D, Cardozo L (2011). "Estrogens and the lower urinary tract". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 30 (5): 754-757. doi: ...

Transgender men taking testosterone are likely at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections, especially if they ... Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine in Benjamin H, The Transsexual Phenomenon. Julian Press ASIN B0007HXA76 Barrett, ... physiological and emotional effects of hormone replacement therapy, psychological aspects of expressing sexuality after medical ... Psychiatrist Richard Green, in an appendix to Harry Benjamin's 1966 The Transsexual Phenomenon, considers people who were ...

Lane DR, Takhar SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine ... These phenomena are involved in chronic pain. As the structure of the lumbago back is complex and the reporting of pain is ... which can modify an individual's physiological response to pain. The benefit however is small. Medical providers may develop an ... abscess Low back pain can also be caused by an urinary tract infection. The lumbar (or lower back) region is the area between ...

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections. It is part of the normal microbiota in the ... In 1946, Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum first described the phenomenon known as bacterial conjugation using E. coli as a ... vitamins which are implicated in many physiological roles in humans such as cellular and bone metabolism - and so contributes ... "Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: The Pre-Eminent Urinary Tract Infection Pathogen". Nova publishers. Archived from the original ...

... coli in the urinary tract to be eliminated during urination, thus leading to a urinary tract infection. This knowledge is ... The CMR phenomenon indicates that how long a bond can sustain force at a given level can depend on the history of force ... which bear force or generate force in their physiological function. An interesting recent development is the discoveries of ... This "shear-threshold phenomenon" was initially characterized in 1996 by Finger et al. who showed that leukocyte binding and ...

... crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been implicated in a wide array of physiological phenomena including inhibitory ... The sulfonic acid has a low pKa ensuring that it is fully ionized to the sulfonate at the pHs found in the intestinal tract. ... Plasma taurine was 78% of control values, and urinary taurine was 29%. Prematurely born infants are believed to lack the ... Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101-163. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...

... biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological processes G08 - reproductive and urinary physiology G09 - ... respiratory tract diseases C09 - otorhinolaryngologic diseases C10 - nervous system diseases C11 - eye diseases C12 - urologic ... chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical Sciences H01 - natural ... biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - ...

"Hyperammonemia associated with distal renal tubular acidosis or urinary tract infection: a systematic review". Pediatric ... This rare pattern was observed in the 1960s and 1970s as a transient phenomenon in infants and children with dRTA (possibly in ... metabolic acidosis due to a physiological reduction in proximal tubular ammonium excretion (impaired ammoniagenesis), which is ... Hyperchloremia Urinary stone formation (related to alkaline urine, hypercalciuria, and low urinary citrate). Nephrocalcinosis ( ...

The accumulation of these deposits within the urinary tract due to drinking the waters can then result in urinary tract stones ... In addition to a focus on natural approaches, he also began to look into anatomical and physiological relationships in the body ... he had determined that he would only entertain natural phenomena that are relevant to the medical issue at hand. Another ... especially when urinary tract stones (that is, stones within either the kidneys or the bladder) were present. Urinary tract ...

Diuretic resistance is defined as failure of diuretics to reduce fluid retention (can be measured by low urinary sodium) ... Prolonged usage of loop diuretics will also contributes to resistance through "braking phenomenon". This is the body ... The biological half-life of furosemide is limited by absorption from gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream. The apparent ... physiological response to reduced extracellular fluid volume, where renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system will be activated ...

He died on 27 October 1854 at St Cuthbert from a urinary tract infection and suffering from kidney stones. His early death at ... Bird began a thorough investigation of this phenomenon in the following year. Using solutions of sodium chloride, potassium ... Lectures on Electricity and Galvanism, in their physiological and therapeutical relations, delivered at the Royal College of ... Urinary Deposits became a standard text on the subject; there were five editions between 1844 and 1857. In the fourth edition ...

In E. coli, these pili operons have important roles in virulence in urinary tract infections. It has been proposed[by whom?] ... Due to the phenomenon of genomic imprinting, maternal and paternal genomes are differentially marked and must be properly ... Ying and Li-Byarlay (2015). Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Nutrition in Honey Bees. Advances in Insect Physiology. ... The ability to evaluate other important phenomena in a DNA methylase-deficient genetic background makes Neurospora an important ...

... and the outer urinary tract, along with considerable shrinking and loss in elasticity of all of the outer and inner genital ... At the physiological level, menopause happens because of a decrease in the ovaries' production of the hormones estrogen and ... Menopause in the animal kingdom appears to be uncommon, but the presence of this phenomenon in different species has not been ... urinary incontinence,urinary urgency, interrupted sleeping patterns,heavy night sweats, and hot flashes. Psychological symptoms ...

Urinary or salivary cotinine concentrations are frequently measured for the purposes of pre-employment and health insurance ... A recent systematic review concluded that nicotine was unlikely to be cytotoxic to oral cells in vitro in most physiological ... Analysis of nicotine-induced DNA damage in cells of the human respiratory tract. Toxicol Lett. 2012 Jan 5;208(1):23-9. doi: ... Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Papale G, Russo C, Polosa R (February 2012). "The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes". ...

... is primarily found in the enteric nervous system located in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). However, it is ... Page IH (1 July 1954). "Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)". Physiological Reviews. American Physiological Society. 34 (3): 563- ... Urinary serotonin/creatinine ratio in bitches tended to be higher 4 weeks after surgery. In addition, serotonin was positively ... a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. Outside the gut of a host, there is nothing that the entoamoebas provoke to release ...

This phenomenon can be explained by looking at the role of gonadal hormones, specifically estrogen, which modulate the enhanced ... Dale HH (May 1906). "On some physiological actions of ergot". The Journal of Physiology. 34 (3): 163-206. doi:10.1113/jphysiol. ... This study found genital tract stimulation resulted in increased oxytocin immediately after orgasm. Another study reported ... "Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees". Proceedings. ...

... urinary tract infection and necrotizing enterocolitis. Breastfeeding may protect against sudden infant death syndrome, insulin- ... Breastfeeding delays the return of menstruation, and in very specific circumstances, fertility, a phenomenon known as ... Elling SV, Powell FC (January 1997). "Physiological changes in the skin during pregnancy". Clinics in Dermatology. Dermatologic ... Looking at three of the most common infant illnesses, lower respiratory tract illnesses, otitis media, and gastrointestinal ...

A 10- to 20-fold increase in renal clearance occurs when urine pH is increased from 5 to 8. The use of urinary alkalinization ... Complicating the use of aspirin for prevention is the phenomenon of aspirin resistance. For people who are resistant, aspirin's ... September 2005). "Significance of salicylate intolerance in diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract" (PDF). Journal of ... Physiological Reviews. 88 (4): 1547-65. doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2008. PMID 18923189. S2CID 448875. Laine L, Maller ES, Yu C, ...

2012 phenomenon - a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or otherwise transformative events would occur on or ... Boyd, R. N. (27 May 2019). "Reduction of Physiological Effects of Alcohol Abuse By Substitution of a Harmless Alcohol Surrogate ... In addition to being ineffective, chelation therapy prior to heavy metal testing can artificially raise urinary heavy metal ... encompasses a number of alternative medical therapies claimed to remove nonspecific toxins from the colon and intestinal tract ...

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a vast community of symbionts and commensals. The researchers demonstrate the ... Neural chemically induced progenitor cells (ciNPCs) can be generated from mouse tail-tip fibroblasts and human urinary somatic ... March 2022). "In vivo partial reprogramming alters age-associated molecular changes during physiological aging in mice". Nat ... phenomenon of somatic cell reprograming by bacteria and generation of multipotential cells from adult human dermal fibroblast ...

When the urinary pH is basic, amphetamine is in its free base form, so less is excreted. When urine pH is abnormal, the urinary ... The physiological importance of CART was further substantiated in numerous human studies demonstrating a role of CART in both ... It is not as sensitive to pH as amphetamine when being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Following absorption into the ... Cardiovascular side effects can include hypertension or hypotension from a vasovagal response, Raynaud's phenomenon (reduced ...

... s do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted ... This physiological adaptation shows in nearly a hundred other species, including owlet-nightjars, nightjars, and woodswallows. ... Yong, Ed (6 June 2013). "Phenomena: Not Exactly Rocket Science How Chickens Lost Their Penises (And Ducks Kept Theirs)". ... Sasanami, Tomohiro; Matsuzaki, Mei; Mizushima, Shusei; Hiyama, Gen (2013). "Sperm Storage in the Female Reproductive Tract in ...

Urinary tract infection Varicose veins. Common complaint caused by relaxation of the venous smooth muscle and increased ... However, this phenomenon also has a strong generational component: in 1996, about 50% of women without a university degree had ... a woman undergoes many physiological changes, which are entirely normal, including behavioral, cardiovascular, hematologic, ... "Urinary tract infections during pregnancy". Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. ...

A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those ... Deficiency of other nutrients such as tyrosine, tryptophan and thiamine could contribute to this phenomenon of "malnutrition- ... Stipanuk, Martha H. (2006). Biochemical, Physiological & Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. W. B. Saunders Company. pp. 1043 ... possibly by direct antimicrobial action of the ions in the gastrointestinal tract, or by the absorption of the zinc and re- ...

This phenomenon, although uncommon, is seen in some people receiving palliative care, most often when dose is increased rapidly ... Physical dependence is the physiological adaptation of the body to the presence of a substance, in this case opioid medication ... urinary retention, and falls". As a result, older adults taking opioids are at greater risk for injury. Opioids do not cause ... which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. These receptors ...

Short-term physiological effects include increases in blood pressure and heart rate. The increased blood pressure and heart ... Being exposed to propylene glycol may cause irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract. When propylene glycol is heated and ... Vaping was found to have comparable levels of nicotine urinary metabolites to those who were tobacco and smokeless tobacco ... effects of aerosols inhaled from e-cigarettes is still limited partially due to incomplete awareness of physical phenomena ...

Miller, Dennis M.; Woods, James S. (1993). "Urinary porphyrins as biological indicators of oxidative stress in the kidney". ... The HFE gene makes a protein that helps cells regulate the absorption of iron from the digestive tract and into the cells of ... Physiological Research. 55 Suppl 2: S75-83. doi:10.33549/physiolres.930000.55.S2.75. PMID 17298224. S2CID 1787139. Sampietro, M ... It can be a paraneoplastic phenomenon. Alcohol Estrogen Iron Hepatitis C virus Porphyria cutanea tarda is primarily caused by ...

The phenomena described above are dependent on changes at the cellular and molecular levels. Altered expression of ion channels ... The loss of inhibitory inputs may allow fibers to transmit messages via the spinothalamic tract thus causing pain in normally ... Neuropathic pain has profound physiological effects on the brain which can manifest as psychological disorders. Rodent models ... urinary retention, hormonal disturbance and intrathecal granuloma formation have been noted with intrathecal infusion, ...

feather tract See: pterylae. fecal sac Also, faecal sac. A mucous membrane, generally white or clear with a dark end, that ... Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted from ... Turner, J. Scott (1997). "On the thermal capacity of a bird's egg warmed by a brood patch". Physiological Zoology. Vol. 70, no ... overbrooding The not uncommon phenomenon of birds continuing to brood eggs that are not viable and will not hatch, sometimes ...