In addition to toxin neutralization, DEFA5 is capable to direcrly kill C. difficile cells by damaging the bacterial wall ... Gene structure and developmental expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (8): 4038-45. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4038 ... α-defensin-5 is able to inhibit all three C. difficile toxins A (TcdA), B (TcdB) and CDT in the concentration-dependent manner ... Kim C, Slavinskaya Z, Merrill AR, Kaufmann SH (October 2006). "Human alpha-defensins neutralize toxins of the mono-ADP- ...

... for 4-5 hours has been shown to inhibit the biological activity of T-2 toxin. Incubation with aqueous ozone at approximately 25 ... The culprit is believed to be the toxins Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium poae which are high producers of T-2 toxin. ... Several studies have shown that optimal conditions for fungal growth are not necessarily optimum for toxin production. Toxin ... "Analysis for Fusarium toxins in various samples implicated in biological warfare in Southeast Asia". Journal of the Association ...

Biological hazards can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can ... Biological hazards include viruses, parasites, bacteria, food, fungi, and foreign toxins. These can sometimes cause diseases in ... and plant and seafood toxins. Pathogenic Campylobacter and Salmonella are common foodborne biological hazards. The hazards from ... Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, originate in biological processes of living organisms and refer to agents that ...

These consisted of toxins in chemical, plant and in biological nature. On the defensive side, Project Coast oversaw research ... History of biological warfare Helikon vortex separation process Military history of South Africa Nuclear weapons and Israel ... It became the sole programme for the creation of a range of chemical and biological agents for offensive and defensive use ... Deadly Arsenals: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Threats. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment For International Peace, 2005. ...

Third Geneva Convention (17 June 1925). "Text of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention". Brigham Young University. ... ISBN 0-7748-0740-7. Harris, T; Paxman, J. (2002). A higher form of killing: the secret history of chemical and biological ... US Army Command and General Staff College (10). Taylor, L. B.; Taylor, C. L. (1992). Chemical and Biological Warfare (Revised ... ISBN 0-2533-4612-6. D. Hank Ellison (2007). Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. ...

Rojko, Nejc; Anderluh, Gregor (2015-12-07). "How Lipid Membranes Affect Pore Forming Toxin Activity". Accounts of Chemical ... If biological membranes were not fluid, it is hard to imagine how cells could live, grow, and reproduce. The fluidity property ... A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell ... Biological membranes also have certain mechanical or elastic properties that allow them to change shape and move as required. ...

... , also known as List Labs, is a US biotechnology company producing bacterial toxins. Their products ... "List Biological Laboratories". devex. "Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg.com. "Where to Find a Good Botulinum Neurotxin?". The ... "Fluorescence polarization assays for determining clostridal toxin activity". Kiers, Dorien; Leijte, G. P.; Gerretsen, J; Zwaag ... In 2015 the firm performed a technology transfer of botulinum toxin manufacturing process to Allergan (for the product now ...

Evidence that the toxin crosses the plasma membrane". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (13): 12833-12839. doi:10.1074/ ... The toxin is present in such small amounts that it could not be isolated to analyze it, so a chemical synthesis of this toxin ... making this toxin the first demonstrated example of a scorpion toxin that translocates into cells. This could prove useful if ... The synthesized toxin, sMCa is active on RyR1 and it binds onto a site different from that of ryanodine itself. MCa folds folds ...

"Text of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention". www.brad.ac.uk. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. ... All may be used in warfare and are known by the military acronym NBC (for nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare). Weapons ... This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military ... This treaty states that chemical and biological weapons are "justly condemned by the general opinion of the civilised world". ...

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972. The Seventh Review Conference was held in Geneva in December 2011, which ... use of charged or neutral particles to affect biological targets infrasonic means using acoustic radiation to affect biological ... and toxin weapons is effectively prohibited by the Convention". The Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons, Protocol IV of the 1980 ... targets means using electromagnetic radiation to affect biological targets. The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or ...

The word "toxic" describes the properties of the substance whereas the word "venom" implies its biological use for the organism ... Kardong, Kenneth V. (2002). "Colubrid snakes and Duvernoy's "venom" glands" (PDF). Toxin Reviews. 21 (1): 1-15. doi:10.1081/txr ... Mackessy, Stephen P.; Saviola, Anthony J. (2016-11-01). "Understanding Biological Roles of Venoms Among the Caenophidia: The ... Kardong, Kenneth V. (March 1996). "Snake toxins and venoms: an evolutionary perspective" (PDF). Herpetologica. 52 (1): 36-46. ...

TADB v t e (Biological databases, Plasmids, Non-coding RNA, Toxins, RNA-binding proteins, All stub articles, Biological ... TADB is a database of Type 2 toxin-antitoxin loci in bacterial and archaeal genomes. Toxin-antitoxin system Shao, Yucheng; ... a web-based resource for Type 2 toxin-antitoxin loci in bacteria and archaea". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 39 (Database issue ...

Toxins, 1 (1993), pp. 272-276 Mendes, Maria. 2004. Structural and biological characterization of two novel peptides from the ... In cohesion, the two peptide toxins were tested for and displayed potent ability to negatively effect hemolytic activity, mass ... Certainly, the characterization and identification of these novel A. pallipes toxins will allow scientists to elucidate the ...

The program also purified biological toxins, including botulinum toxin, ricin and aflatoxin. In total, a half million liters of ... Iraqi biological weapons program Block, S. M. (2001, January-February). The growing threat of biological weapons, American ... It produced large quantities of botulinum toxin and anthrax from 1989 to 1996. The name derives from the common Arabic name or ... Al Hakum, also romanized Al Hakam, was at one time Iraq's most sophisticated and largest biological weapons (BW) production ...

Two different classes of sea anemone toxins for voltage sensitive K+ channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): ... Bunodosoma granulifera K+-channel toxin (BgK) and Stichodactyla helianthus K+-channel toxin (ShK). These toxins can be ... Kaliseptine is a type I anemone toxin. Although typically the type I toxins are located in both organelles, the location for ... Kaliseptine shows structural similarities with other sea anemone toxins like Actinia equina K+-channel toxin (AeK), ...

Large, water-soluble biological macromolecules have posed a difficulty for molecular imprinting because their conformational ... They have been developed to target herbicides, sugars, drugs, toxins, and vapors. MIP-based sensors not only have high ... In recent decades, the molecular imprinting technique has been developed for use in drug delivery, separations, biological and ... Forensic applications that delve into detections of illicit drugs, banned sport drugs, toxins, and chemical warfare agents are ...

Implications for cytotoxicity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (8): 4903-10. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67734-3. PMID ... "Post-translational tyrosine nitration of eosinophil granule toxins mediated by eosinophil peroxidase". The Journal of ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (10): 5660-8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83599-2. PMID 2538427. Slungaard A, Mahoney JR ... The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (30): 19410-9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32184-1. PMID 8034708. Carlson MG, Peterson ...

Bt toxin) has been incorporated directly into plants through the use of genetic engineering. Other biological insecticides ... Toxins produced by strains of this bacterium are used as a larvicide against caterpillars, beetles, and mosquitoes. Toxins from ... Because these toxins have little effect on other organisms, they are considered more environmentally friendly than synthetic ... Many of the major insecticides are inspired by biological analogues. Many others are not found in nature. Some insecticides ...

The biological actions of the toxins in centipede venom are mostly unknown. A peptide named S. s. mutilans venom toxin peptide ... Yang, S.; Yang, F.; Wei, N.; Hong, J.; Li, B.; Luo, L.; Lai, R. (2015). "A pain-inducing centipede toxin targets the heat ... The venom of the Chinese red-headed centipede contains a small peptide toxin called RhTx, which increases activation of the ... Ssm spooky toxin "Australian Faunal Directory: Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans". Australian Department of the Environment and ...

Activated carbon filters absorb nitrogen compounds and other toxins from the water. Biological filters provide a medium ... Biological loading is a measure of the burden placed on the aquarium ecosystem by its living inhabitants. Higher biological ... Aquarists also use water changes as a way to keep these toxins under control by removing water from the aquarium and vacuuming ... Appropriate handling of the nitrogen cycle, along with a balanced food supply and consideration of biological loading, is ...

All biological pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. The light that is absorbed may ... They do this by producing toxins and foul-tasting or smelling chemicals. Other compounds defend plants against disease, permit ... Secondly, plant physiology includes the study of biological and chemical processes of individual plant cells. Plant cells have ... Environmental physiologists also examine plant response to biological factors. This includes not only negative interactions, ...

Two different classes of sea anemone toxins for voltage sensitive K+ channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): ... AsKC11 belongs to the toxin Kunitz-type peptide family and is considered part of the sea anemone type 2 potassium channel toxin ... This toxin is part of the Kunitz peptide family and has been shown to be an activator of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying ... AsKC11 (also known as U-actitoxin-Avd3n or U-AITX-Avd3n) is a toxin found in the venom of the sea anemone, Anemonia sulcata. ...

C. perfringens alpha toxin (lecithinase) causes myonecrosis and hemolysis. The lecithinase of S. aureus is used in detection of ... Hanahan DJ (April 1954). "The site of action of lecithinase A of lecithin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 207 (2): 879- ...

In 2016, Chamberlain pleaded guilty for possessing a biological toxin he obtained on the dark web as well as an unregistered ... "Political Consultant gets Prison Time for Biological Toxin Charge". San Francisco Bay Area portal v t e (Articles with short ... The "biological agents" were a small non-lethal amount of abrin and sodium cyanide. Per Chamberlain, he had purchased the abrin ...

Biologische und Toxin-Kampfmittel in Deutschland von 1915-1945. LIT-Verlag, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2nd ed., 1999. ISBN 3-8258- ... Biological warfare from the Middle Ages to 1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-829579-0. Maddrell, Paul: ... biological warfare program". Scientific American. 256 (6): 116-121. Bibcode:1987SciAm.256f.116B. doi:10.1038/ ... 2955-3. Geissler, Erhard: "Biological warfare activities in Germany 1923-1945". In: Geissler, Erhard and Moon, John Ellis van ...

Unlike most biological toxins T-2 mycotoxin can be absorbed through intact skin. The compound can be delivered via food, water ... Other studies have shown that T-2-toxin causes lipid peroxidation in rats after feeding it to them. As the effect of T-2 toxin ... Biological toxin weapons, Trichothecenes, Epoxides, Acetate esters, Food safety, Secondary alcohols, Alkene derivatives, ... This range is below the TDI of 100 ng/ kg body weight for the sum of HT-2 and T-2 toxins which is used by the EFSA. T-2 ...

The disease results from the ingestion of Lathyrus odoratus seeds (sweet peas). The toxin found in the sweet peas is (beta- ... Biological, Biochemical, and Toxicological Properties. Elsevier. ISBN 9780323157742. Wilmarth, K. R.; Froines, J. R. (1992). " ... Natural Toxins. 5 (1): 43-6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)(1997)5:1. 3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 9086459. Rosenthal, Gerald (2003). "Toxic ...

Biological Board of Canada; Canada. Marine Biological Station (1925). Contributions to Canadian biology. Biological Board of ... Ecology After an advisory warning was issued in September 2010 for bloom of blue green algae, no detectable toxins were found ... Biological Board of Canada; Canada Marine Biological Station (1901). Contributions to Canadian biology. Biological Board of ... Biological Board of Canada, Canada. Marine Biological Station. 1914. Retrieved 4 April 2011. "Advisory for Chamcook Lake, New ...

They are often toxins, siderophores, or pigments. Nonribosomal peptide antibiotics, cytostatics, and immunosuppressants are in ... Nonribosomal peptides are a very diverse family of natural products with an extremely broad range of biological activities and ... Nitrogen storage polymers Cyanophycin - produced by some cyanobacteria Phytotoxins HC-toxin - a virulence factor made by the ... Walton JD (July 2006). "HC-toxin". Phytochemistry. 67 (14): 1406-13. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.033. PMID 16839576. ...

The program also purified biological toxins, such as botulinum toxin, ricin and aflatoxin. After 1995, it was learned that, in ... Strains of dual-use biological material from France also helped advance Iraq's biological warfare program. From the United ... Iraqi biological weapons program, Biological warfare, Weapons of Iraq, Military of Iraq, Iran-Iraq War crimes, Prisoner of war ... botulinum toxins, and Clostridium perfringens toxins. Post-war inspections by UNSCOM, however, were confounded by ...