... is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil. Thymine ... In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine (T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds, thereby ... During growth of bacteriophage T4, an imbalance of thymine availability, either a deficiency or an excess of thymine, causes ... may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule that inhibit normal function. Thymine could also be a target for ...

In enzymology, a thymine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thymine + 2-oxoglutarate ... Bankel L, Holme E, Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S (1972). "Oxygenases involved in thymine and thymidine metabolism in Neurospora ... Liu CK, Hsu CA, Abbott MT (1973). "Catalysis of three sequential dioxygenase reactions by thymine 7-hydroxylase". Arch. Biochem ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is thymine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating). Other names in ...

... (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) is one of the principal DNA lesions that can be induced by oxidation and ... Brain samples from humans who died of stroke were found to be deficient in base excision repair of thymine glycol as well as ... The rate at which oxidative reactions generate thymine glycol and thymidine glycol in the DNA of humans is estimated to be ... On a body weight basis, mice excrete 18 times more thymine glycol plus thymidine glycol than humans, and monkeys four times ...

... (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the ... Abu M, Waters TR (2003). "The main role of human thymine-DNA glycosylase is removal of thymine produced by deamination of 5- ... "Entrez Gene: TDG thymine-DNA glycosylase". Gallinari P, Jiricny J (October 1996). "A new class of uracil-DNA glycosylases ... Zhang L, Lu X, Lu J, Liang H, Dai Q, Xu GL, Luo C, Jiang H, He C (February 2012). "Thymine DNA glycosylase specifically ...

... thymine. When hydrogen is added in a reduction then 5,6-dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine is the product. Varghese, A.J. (February ... 5,6-Dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine is a DNA pyrimidine dimer photoproduct produced when DNA in bacterial spores is exposed to ... 5,6-Dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine can also be synthesized in a laboratory by reacting 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 6-aminothymine ... thymine". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (7): 284. doi:10.1039/C39780000284. (Articles without InChI source, Articles without ...

7b Thymine; 7 Adenine/thymine WC; 8a Methane; 8 Methane dimer; 9a Ethene; 9 Ethene dimer; 10 Benzene/methane; 11a Benzene; 11 ... Benzene dimer; 12a Pyrazine; 12 Pyrazine dimer; 13 Uracil dimer; 14a Indole; 14 Indole/benzene; 15 Adenine/thymine stack; 16b ...

5-methyluracil See thymine. Contents Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References External links ... Adenine forms a base pair with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA. adenosine (A) One of the four standard nucleosides used ... except that thymine bases are substituted with uracil bases in the RNA molecule). Though it is not itself transcribed, the ... and thymine (T). DNA is most often found in double-stranded form, which consists of two complementary antiparallel nucleotide ...

Thymine forms a base pair with adenine. In RNA, thymine is not used at all, and is instead replaced with uracil. thymine dimer ... Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are classified as pyrimidines. The letter Y is sometimes used to indicate a generic ... In DNA, uracil is not used at all, and is instead replaced with thymine. uridine (U, Urd) One of the four standard nucleosides ... In DNA, the dimerization reaction occurs between neighboring thymine and cytosine residues (T−T, C−C, or T−C); it can also ...

... cytosine and thymine. Chemically, uracil is similar to thymine, differing only by a methyl group, and its production requires ... Adenine readily binds uracil or thymine. Uracil is, however, one product of damage to cytosine that makes RNA particularly ... and thymine, have been formed in the laboratory under conditions found only in outer space, using starting chemicals, like ... the backbone of RNA uses ribose instead of deoxyribose and its nucleobases include uracil instead of thymine). The overall ...

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines, hence the glycosidic bonds form between their 1 nitrogen and the 1' -OH of the ... A purine base always pairs with a pyrimidine base (guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) ... The pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine. It has a single ring structure, a six-membered ring containing nitrogen. ... Nucleotides consist of 3 components: Nitrogenous base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine (present in DNA only) Uracil (present in ...

Koo, H. S.; Drak, J.; Rice, J. A.; Crothers, D. M. (1990). "Determination of the extent of DNA bending by an adenine-thymine ... Koo, H. S.; Wu, H. M.; Crothers, D. M. (1986). "DNA bending at adenine · thymine tracts". Nature. 320 (6062): 501-6. Bibcode: ...

In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine (T). Uracil is a demethylated form of thymine. Uracil is a common and ... Methylated uracil is identical to thymine. Hence the hypothesis that, over time, thymine became standard in DNA instead of ... In RNA, uracil base-pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. Methylation of uracil produces thymine. ... Apparently, either there was no evolutionary pressure to replace uracil in RNA with the more complex thymine, or uracil has ...

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. It has been proved in the laboratory that a single strand of DNA of one species can ... Each nucleotide has a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases like adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. ...

Thymine, cytosine, or cytosine-thymine dimers are formed by the joining of two adjacent pyrimidine bases within a DNA strand. ... The most frequent mutations due to inaccurate synthesis past CPDs are cytosine to thymine (C>T) or CC>TT transition mutations. ... UV radiation causes damage to the DNA of cells, typically thymine dimerization, which when unrepaired can create mutations in ... UVA light mainly causes thymine dimers. UVA also produces reactive oxygen species and these inflict other DNA damage, primarily ...

Differences in degree and distribution of GC content (Guanine-Cytosine pairs versus Adenine-Thymine). In metaphase where the ... Quinacrine binds to the adenine-thymine-rich regions. Each chromosome has a characteristic banding pattern that helps to ... thymine-adenine rich regions). C-banding: Giemsa binds to constitutive heterochromatin, so it stains centromeres. The name is ...

This enzyme dephosphorylates the 5'- and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides. The gene is located ... mdN binds and dephosphorylates uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides. NT5C GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000205309 - ... phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides (dUMPs and dTMPs). Due to this function, mdN regulates the size of ...

... usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring. In addition to RNA ... Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, forming A-T and G-C base pairs. The nucleobases are classified into ... The four bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These four bases are attached to the ... For example, UV light can damage DNA by producing thymine dimers, which are cross-links between pyrimidine bases. On the other ...

Guanine when alkylated may be mispaired with thymine. Some may cause DNA crosslinking and breakages. Nitrosamines are an ...

Although the thymine-thymine CPDs (thymine dimers) are the most frequent lesions caused by UV light, translesion polymerases ... It returns thymine dimers to their original state. Deoxyribodipyrimidine endonucleosidase is found in bacteriophage T4. It is a ... These findings thus indicate that the repair of thymine dimers in wild-type yeast is highly efficient. Nucleotide excision ... Pyrimidine dimers are molecular lesions formed from thymine or cytosine bases in DNA via photochemical reactions, commonly ...

These are a ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). One particular TET ... 5mC can be converted to thymine (Thy). 5hmU can be cleaved by TDG, MBD4, NEIL1 or SMUG1. AP sites and T:G mismatches are then ... Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) recognizes the intermediate bases 5fC and 5caC and excises the glycosidic bond resulting in an ...

In addition it contains thymine, guanine and cytosine. It was first identified by a German chemist W.G. Ruppel in 1898 while ...

DNA; A: adenine, T: thymine, G: guanine, C: cytosine. Amino acid; C: cysteine, W: tryptophan, Y: tyrosine, V: valine, D: ...

Ahmad, S. I.; Kirk, S. H.; Eisenstark, A. (1998). "Thymine Metabolism and Thymineless Death in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes". ...

This understanding was solidified by the 1960s through research demonstrating the ability of UV-C to form thymine dimers, ... Beukers R, Berends W (July 1960). "Isolation and identification of the irradiation product of thymine". Biochimica et ...

The four nucleobases in DNA are guanine, adenine, cytosine and thymine; in RNA, uracil is used in place of thymine. Nucleotides ... while the pyrimidine bases thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA) occur in just one. Adenine forms a base pair with thymine with ... Inosine occurs in tRNAs and will pair with adenine, cytosine, or thymine. This character does not appear in the following table ...

In addition, methylmalonate is formed during catabolism of thymine. In a study with fibroblasts, increased accumulations of ...

2007). "Thymine dimerization in DNA is an ultrafast photoreaction". Science. 315 (5812): 625-629. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..625S. ...

Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these ... It differs in having an extra amine group, creating a more stable bond to thymine. Adenine and guanine have a fused-ring ... Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called ... These are examples of modified cytosine, thymine or uridine. A vast number of nucleobase analogues exist. The most common ...

Barner, H. D.; Cohen, S. S. (1954). "The Induction of Thymine Synthesis by T2 Infection of a Thymine Requiring Mutant of ... Cohen in Escherichia coli when thymine-requiring mutants of the bacteria lost viability when grown in a medium lacking thymine ... However, nutrient starvation does not generally kill cells to the extent observed in cells that lack thymine. The molecular ... Ahmad, S. I.; Kirk, S. H.; Eisenstark, A. (October 1998). "Thymine Metabolism and Thymineless Death in Prokaryotes and ...

Zamilon's DNA is rich in adenine and thymine bases; the proportion of guanine and cytosine bases is 29.7%. The Zamilon genome ...