A typical thoracic vertebra, viewed from above. A thoracic vertebra, viewed from above. A thoracic vertebra, viewed from below ... The second thoracic vertebra is larger than the first thoracic vertebra The thoracic spinal nerve 3 (T3) passes out underneath ... The eighth thoracic vertebra is, together with the ninth thoracic vertebra, at the same level as the xiphisternum. The thoracic ... thoracic vertebrae. Lateral surface of the thoracic vertebrae. Right half of the thoracic skeleton is not shown. Vertebral ...

There are thirty-three vertebrae in the human vertebral column-seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar ... thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae seen from the side Cervical vertebrae seen from the back Vertebrae Anatomy Limbus vertebra ... In all mammals, the thoracic vertebrae are connected to ribs and their bodies differ from the other regional vertebrae due to ... The top surface of the first thoracic vertebra has a hook-shaped uncinate process, just like the cervical vertebrae. The ...

The thoracic vertebrae number between 5 and 10, and the first thoracic vertebra is distinguishable due to the fusion of its ... The free vertebrae immediately following the fused sacro-caudal vertebrae of the synsacrum are known as the caudal vertebrae. ... Anterior thoracic vertebrae are fused in many birds and articulate with the notarium of the pectoral girdle. The synsacrum ... Similar to the sacrum of mammals, the synsacrum lacks the distinct disc shape of cervical and thoracic vertebrae. ...

13 thoracic vertebrae (humans have 12); seven lumbar vertebrae (humans have five); three sacral vertebrae (as do most mammals, ... 11 The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's spinal mobility and flexibility. Attached to the spine are 13 ... Adult domestic cats typically weigh between 4 and 5 kg (9 and 11 lb). Cats have seven cervical vertebrae (as do most mammals); ... which have small vertebrae. The premolar and first molar together compose the carnassial pair on each side of the mouth, which ...

The withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae, which are ... Most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae. The processes at the withers can be more than 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Since they ... If the vertebrae of the withers are long front-to-back, the shoulder is freer to move backwards. This allows for an increase of ...

The human body has twelve thoracic vertebrae. Messier 12 (NGC 6218), an globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus, ...

"Comedian Sugi-chan fractures his thoracic vertebrae". Tokyohive. 6Theory Media, LLC. 3 September 2012. Retrieved 1 November ... In September 2012, he fractured the T-12 vertebra in his spine when diving from a 10 m high platform while filming a variety ...

James, H.F. (2009). "Repeated evolution of fused thoracic vertebrae in songbirds". The Auk. 126 (4): 862-872. doi:10.1525/auk. ... The notarium, a fused vertebra of the shoulder in birds that helps brace the chest against the forces generated by the wings, ...

Thoracic laminotomy is performed on thoracic (middle) vertebrae. Lumbar laminotomy is performed on lumbar vertebrae, the ones ... The vertebral column is composed of many ring-like bones called vertebra (plural: vertebrae) and it spans from the skull to the ... Each vertebra has two lamina, one on each side of the spinous process. Different types of laminotomy are defined by the type of ... Each vertebra has a hole in the center called the vertebral foramen through which the spinal cord traverses. Laminae (singular ...

Ribs are found exclusively on the thoracic vertebrae. Neck, lumbar and pelvic vertebrae are very reduced in number (only 2-10 ... As a result, the vertebrae anterior to the hindlimb buds (when present) all have the same thoracic-like identity (except from ... thoracic (chest), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvic), and caudal (tail) vertebrae. Early in snake evolution, the Hox gene ... lumbar and pelvic vertebrae are present), while only a short tail remains of the caudal vertebrae. However, the tail is still ...

They also have some of the thoracic vertebrae fused into a structure called the notarium. A species of ectoparasitic birdlouse ... James, HF (2009). "Repeated Evolution of Fused Thoracic Vertebrae in Songbirds" (PDF). The Auk. 126 (4): 862-872. doi:10.1525/ ...

Thoracic vertebrae one through seven and nine were preserved. The ribs had a double-headed joint with the vertebrae. The ... Yamatocetus had seven neck vertebrae, and the complete series was preserved. The neural spine projecting up from the vertebra ...

All ribs are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. They are numbered to match the vertebrae they attach to - one to ... and the 12 thoracic vertebrae articulating with the ribs. The thoracic cage also provides attachments for extrinsic skeletal ... The transverse process of a thoracic vertebra also articulates at the transverse costal facet with the tubercle of the rib of ... All ribs are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae and are numbered accordingly one to twelve. Ribs that articulate ...

At least 23 presacral vertebrae. At least four thoracic vertebrae fused to a notarium. Distal end of ulna with marked oval ... "At least the fourth to seventh cervical vertebrae strongly elongate, with processus spinosus forming a marked ridge. Humerus ...

Meyer, M.R. (2012). "Functional anatomy of the thoracic vertebrae in early Homo." American Journal of Physical Anthropology S( ... 2018). "The Vertebrae, Ribs, and Sternum of Australopithecus sediba". PaleoAnthropology. 156: 233. Williams, S. A.; et al. ( ... Meyer, M.R. & Williams, S.A. (2019). "4.2 Ma Australopithecus anamensis axial remains: the oldest australopith vertebrae in the ... Meyer, M.R. (2003). "Vertebrae and language ability in early hominids." PaleoAnthropology 1: 20-21. Meyer, M.R. (2003) "The ...

It should include first thoracic vertebra. CT scan or X-ray images are evaluated for the presence or absence of directly ...

... also has long digits and strong post-thoracic vertebrae. The sacrum is composed of four elongate vertebrae with ... The lumbar vertebrae are narrower and shallower to Pakicetus and Nalacetus. Although still relatively large compared to other ... Ichthyolestes also has proportionally longer lumbar and caudal vertebrae relative to its shorter limb segments. ... related taxa, the atlas vertebrae of Ichthyolestes is smaller and more gracile than Pakicetus or Nalacetus, and the neural ...

... 's thoracic vertebrae are narrower than in Homo sapiens. This would have allowed him less motor control over the ... and that an unusual structure of the vertebrae was characteristic of the early hominins. However, the fossil definitely showed ... thoracic muscles that are used in modern humans to modify respiration to enable the sequencing upon single exhalations of ...

... thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae all have intervertebral foramina.[citation needed] In the thoracic region and lumbar region, ... of adjacent vertebra in the articulated spine.: 424, 425 Each intervertebral foramen gives passage to a spinal nerve and spinal ... a small part of the body of vertebra inferior to the intervertebral disc also forms the anterior boundary of the IVF (due to ... particularly in the thoracic region) and adjacent intervertebral disc (particularly in the lumbar region).: 425 In the cervical ...

... and 3 lower thoracic ribs; and MH2 4 consecutive upper-to-mid-thoracic, and 3 lower thoracic ribs joined with the vertebrae. ... and 2 lumbar vertebrae; and MH2 preserves 2 neck, 7 thoracic, 2 lumbar, and 1 sacral vertebrae. The lordosis (humanlike ... The right lamina of the sixth thoracic vertebra of MH1 presents a penetrating bone tumour, probably a benign osteoid osteoma. ... Like humans, A. sediba appears to have had a flexible lumbar series comprising 5 vertebrae-as opposed to 6 static vertebrae in ...

The seventh and tenth thoracic vertebrae are most commonly affected. It causes backache and spinal curvature. In very serious ... The apex of their curve, located in the thoracic vertebrae, is quite rigid.[citation needed] Scheuermann's disease is notorious ... The damaged discs between the troubled vertebrae (wedged vertebrae) are normally removed and replaced with bone grafting from ... However, the degree of thoracic kyphosis among Scheuermann's patients was not related to back pain, quality of life, or general ...

It contains 2-6 vertebrae. It probably evolved at least 10 times independently in birds. Storer R. W. (1982). "Fused Thoracic ... In birds, the vertebrae are only in contact with adjacent vertebrae and ribs, while in some pterosaurs the notarium articulates ... Notarium or os dorsale is a bone consisting of the fused vertebra of the shoulder in birds and some pterosaurs. The structure ... which in turn is connected to the vertebrae via the ribs, allowing an indirect connection). Among birds, notarium is found ...

The superior costal facet is located on the inferior thoracic vertebrae. The inferior costal facet is located on the superior ... Costal facets only apply to ribs 2-9. Ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12 articulate completely onto the thoracic vertebrae rather than in ... Ribs connect to the thoracic vertebrae at two main points, the inferior and superior costal facets. These connection points are ... The superior costal facet (or superior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the top of a vertebra. ...

In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs. It extends from ... Thoracic vertebrae are also distinguished in birds, but not in reptiles. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, ... Injury to the chest (also referred to as chest trauma, thoracic injury, or thoracic trauma) results in up to 1/4 of all deaths ... The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus ...

... had 7 neck vertebrae; 17 thoracic vertebrae, compared to the 18 in other megatheriid sloths; 3 lumbar vertebrae, ... In later species, the spinous processes which jut upwards from the vertebrae are markedly taller in the thoracic vertebrae than ... The spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra is nearly vertical, but, unlike other sloths, the other vertebrae incline ... Inclination begins to decrease at the ninth thoracic vertebra. This inclination may have caused less-developed back muscles ...

Superiorly, it extends to the base of the skull; inferiorly, it extends to the second thoracic vertebra. Inferiorly, it unites ...

They were characterized by elongated distal thoracic vertebrae, lumbar, and proximal sacrococcygeal. All known members of the ... They were, however, very small and did not articulate with the vertebral column, which also lack true sacral vertebrae. While ...

There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae. The number of vertebrae in a region ... 7 vertebrae (C1-C7) Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae (L1-L5) Sacrum: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1-S5 ... The sacral vertebrae are fused with the lumbar vertebrae, and some thoracic and caudal vertebrae, to form a single structure, ... Dorsal vertebrae attached to the ribs are called thoracic vertebrae, while those without ribs are called lumbar vertebrae. The ...

... polius has 12 thoracic, 7 or 8 lumbar, and 35 or 36 caudal vertebrae; the presence of 12 thoracic vertebrae is a putative ...

They were characterized by elongated distal thoracic vertebrae, lumbar, and proximal sacrococcygeal. All known members of the ...