List of single cell omics methods
"High-Throughput Mapping of B Cell Receptor Sequences to Antigen Specificity". Cell. 179 (7): 1636-1646.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... "WaferGen Presents Single-Cell T-Cell Receptor Sequencing Results Using the ICELL8™ Single-Cell System at the 2016 Single Cell ... August 2017). "Single-cell multi-omics sequencing of mouse early embryos and embryonic stem cells". Cell Research. 27 (8): 967- ... May 2015). "Droplet barcoding for single-cell transcriptomics applied to embryonic stem cells". Cell. 161 (5): 1187-1201. doi: ...
Lymphocyte homing receptor
Subsequently, antigen-stimulated B and T cells express homing receptors particularly for the HEV in initial site of ... Organ-specific lymphocyte homing is important for antigen-specificity and in avoiding autoimmune cross-reactions. Lymphocyte ... Lymphocyte homing receptors are cell adhesion molecules expressed on lymphocyte cell membranes that recognize addressins on ... Upon exposure to antigens, lymphocytes lack homing ability during a period of sessile differentiation and cell division, and ...
Artificial antigen presenting cells
The peptide-loaded MHC engages with the cognate T cell receptor (TCR) found on the T cells. T cells need another signal to ... CD4 cells). It is the specific antigen or epitope that is loaded into the MHC determines the antigen-specificity. ... Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) are engineered platforms for T-cell activation. aAPCs are used as a new technology ... When Signal 2 is not expressed, but T cells receive Signal 1, the antigen-specific T cells become anergic and do not perform ...
T-cell receptor
... thymus for T cells, bone marrow for B cells). Each recombined TCR possess unique antigen specificity, determined by the ... The antigen sensitivity is higher in antigen-experienced T cells than in naive T cells. Naive T cells pass through the process ... T cells expressing this receptor are referred to as α:β (or αβ) T cells, though a minority of T cells express an alternate ... T cells move on quickly from antigens that do not trigger responses, rapidly scanning pMHC on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) ...
CD79A
"Syk is a dual-specificity kinase that self-regulates the signal output from the B-cell antigen receptor". Proceedings of the ... Yang, Jianying; Reth, Michael (September 2010). "Oligomeric organization of the B-cell antigen receptor on resting cells". ... thus forming the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). This occurs in a similar manner to the association of CD3 with the T-cell ... Engels N, Wollscheid B, Wienands J (Jul 2001). "Association of SLP-65/BLNK with the B cell antigen receptor through a non-ITAM ...
Cellular adoptive immunotherapy
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) are predominantly used in cancer immunotherapy. T-cells are harvested from patients' ... CAR-T therapy exhibits distinct specificity compared to other adaptive immunotherapies and traditional cancer treatments such ... Main articles: Cytokine release syndrome; chimeric antigen receptor T cell. IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction CAR derived from ... These tumors often express chemokine receptors and combine with the tumor-specific T-cell receptors presented on them. This ...
MAPK phosphatase
"Inhibitory Role for Dual Specificity Phosphatase VHR in T Cell Antigen Receptor and CD28-induced Erk and Jnk Activation". ... VHR is only found in lymphoid and hematopoietic cells, and it inactivates the ERK1/2 and JNKs in T-cell receptors. VHR also ... This can involve gene regulation, cell proliferation, programmed cell death and stress responses. MAPK phosphatases are ... "Diverse physiological functions for dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases". J Cell Sci. 119 (22): 4607-4615. doi:10.1242/jcs ...
B7 (protein)
This is also called "Signal 1" and its main purpose is to guarantee antigen specificity of the T cell activation. However, MHC ... The B7 (B7-1/B7-2) protein is present on the APC surface, and it interacts with the CD28 receptor on the T cell surface. This ... So far CD80 is found on dendritic cells, macrophages, and activated B cells, CD86 (B7-2) on B cells. The proteins CD28 and CTLA ... signals are sent back to both the APC and the T cell. (1) The signal from the APC to the T cell informs the T cell that it must ...
Type 1 regulatory T cell
... and enhances the antigen-specific T-cell response which is necessary for Tr1 cells antigen specificity. CD49b belongs to the ... Cell to cell contact: Type 1 regulatory T cells poses inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 through which they exert suppressor function. ... Tr1 cells regulate tolerance towards antigens of any origin. Tr1 cells are self or non-self antigen specific and their key role ... Type 1 regulatory cells or Tr1 (TR1) cells are a class of regulatory T cells participating in peripheral immunity as a subsets ...
Antigen
Diverse antigen receptors are made by cells of the immune system so that each cell has a specificity for a single antigen. Upon ... An antigen binds the highly variable immunoreceptor products (B-cell receptor or T-cell receptor) once these have been ... Antigens are recognized by antigen receptors, including antibodies and T-cell receptors. ... T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly. Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all ...
Idiotype
The variable region of antigen receptors of T cells (TCRs) and B cells (immunoglobulins) contain complementarity-determining ... They define the surface and properties of the variable region, determining the antigen specificity and therefore the idiotope ... In immunology, an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules ... He also defined the "paratope" to be that part of an antibody variable region that binds to an antigen. The best developed ...
Side-chain theory
... receptors) on the cell membrane. Antibody specificity exists for specific interaction with a given antigen. Antigen-antibody ... According to Ehrlich's theory, the specificity of the receptor was determined before its exposure to antigen, and the antigen ... agent and a cell-bound receptor would induce the cell to produce and release more receptors with the same specificity. ... For any given antigen, at least one of these side chains would bind, stimulating the cell to produce more of the same type, ...
DUSP22
2002). "Inhibition of T cell antigen receptor signaling by VHR-related MKPX (VHX), a new dual specificity phosphatase related ... Dual specificity protein phosphatase 22 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP22 gene. DUSP22 has been shown to ... 2002). "The dual specificity JKAP specifically activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 36592- ... "Entrez Gene: DUSP22 dual specificity phosphatase 22". Aoyama, K; Nagata M; Oshima K; Matsuda T; Aoki N (Jul 2001). "Molecular ...
Clonal selection
The differentiated effector cells derived from an activated lymphocyte bear receptors of identical specificity as the parent ... a specific antigen activates (i.e. selects) only its counter-specific cell, which then induces that particular cell to multiply ... able to react with different antigens. When an antigen is present, it binds to a matching side chain. Then the cell stops ... Each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with a unique specificity (generated by V(D)J recombination). Receptor ...
Autoimmune regulator
... molecule by an antigen presenting cell. This recognition is accomplished by the T cell receptors expressed on the cell surface ... randomly shuffled gene segments which results in a highly diverse population of T cells-each with a unique antigen specificity ... and T cells that react to those proteins are destroyed. Each T cell recognizes a specific antigen when it is presented in ... "tissue-restricted antigens" - TRA) and T cells that respond to those proteins are eliminated through cell death (apoptosis). ...
Endogenous retrovirus
... polyclonal T and B cell activation regardless of the specificity of their antigen receptor). It has also been shown that in ... Most retroviruses infect somatic cells, but occasional infection of germline cells (cells that produce eggs and sperm) can also ... The potential advantage of this novel approach is that, by using HERV antigens as surrogate markers of HIV-infected cells, it ... HIV-infected cells led to the proposal that a vaccine targeting HERV antigens could specifically eliminate HIV-infected cells. ...
B1 cell
These studies indicate preexisting subset differences in B-cell receptor (BCR) specificity and antigen-driven B cell fate that ... B1b cells seem to recognize more types of antigens including intracellular antigens. Previously, B1b cell antigen recognition ... There are two types of B1 cells subsets, B1a cells and B1b cells. B1b cells have been shown to be capable of memory responses. ... CD5-CD72 is thought to mediate B cell-B cell interaction. What differentiates B1 cells from other B cells is the variable ...
Monoallelic gene expression
Brady BL, Steinel NC, Bassing CH (October 2010). "Antigen receptor allelic exclusion: an update and reappraisal". Journal of ... Chess A, Simon I, Cedar H, Axel R (September 1994). "Allelic inactivation regulates olfactory receptor gene expression". Cell. ... thus specificity towards certain antigens or odors. Allele-biased expression is skewed expression level of one allele over the ... Studies that distinguish fixed and dynamic aRME require single-cell analyses of clonally related cells. Allelic exclusion is a ...
Immunoglobulin class switching
After activation by antigen, these B cells proliferate. If these activated B cells encounter specific signaling molecules via ... Class switching occurs after activation of a mature B cell via its membrane-bound antibody molecule (or B cell receptor) to ... and therefore antigenic specificity, remains the same. This allows different daughter cells from the same activated B cell to ... class switching does not affect antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens, but can ...
Protein microarray
... and receptor ligands. Antibody characterization is characterizing cross-reactivity, specificity and mapping epitopes. Treatment ... For instance the response of the cells to a particular factor can be identified by comparing the lysates of cells treated with ... Diagnostics involves the detection of antigens and antibodies in blood samples; the profiling of sera to discover new disease ... Cells are isolated from various tissues of interest and are lysed. The lysate is arrayed onto the microarray and probed with ...
Veto cells
This means that T-cells with a T-cell receptor specific to antigens presented on the veto cell, bind to the veto cell, and are ... Cells with veto activity induce a state of tolerance in T cell precursors with specificity for antigen determinants expressed ... To name some of these cell types; CD34 cells, CD33 cells, CD8 T cells, Immature dendritic cells and NK cells among others. ... "Veto Cell Technologies - Cell Source". Cell-source.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019. "New Development in Cell Therapy: Veto Cell ...
Harald von Boehmer
Thymic MHC antigens and the specfficity of the ap T cell receptor determine the CD4/CD6 phenotype of T cells. Nature 335, 229 ( ... Apostolou, I., Sarukhan, A., Klein, L. and von Boehmer, H.: Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen. ... A novel disulfide-linked heterodimer on pre-T cells consists of the T cell receptor beta chain and a 33 kd glycoprotein. Cell ... Essential role of the pre-T cell receptor in allelic exclusion of the T cell receptor beta locus. Immunity 7, 601-607 (1997). ...
Molecular oncology
Usually, the T cell antigen receptor is inactive but when the receptor recognizes a certain cancerous antigen, the physical ... means the body's T cells will attack its own healthy cells instead of the cancer cells when the antigen is lacking specificity ... antigens, and cofactor molecules are some such cellular manipulations to target cancer cells. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell ... This receptor, now on millions of the patient's T cells, recognizes cancerous cells that express specific antigens. ...
Bernard Malissen
Cell, 36, 1984, p. 319-327 Gabert, J. et al., « Reconstitution of MHC class I specificity by transfer of the T cell receptor ... which are responsible for capturing and presenting T cell antigens particularly effectively - present in tissues such as skin ... the surface receptor that triggers cell differentiation of the T-cell that carries it and contributes to the body's defences ... The T cell receptor/CD3 complex is composed of at least two autonomous transduction modules », Cell, 68, 1992, p. 83-95 Aguado ...
Kinetic proofreading
Antigen discrimination by T cell receptors - T cells respond to foreign antigens at low concentrations, while ignoring any self ... If the exit step is fast relative to the next step in the pathway, the specificity can be increased by a factor of up to the ... antigens present at much higher concentration. This ability is known as antigen discrimination. T-cell receptors use kinetic ... "Fidelity of T cell activation through multistep T cell receptor zeta phosphorylation". Science. 281 (5376): 572-5. Bibcode: ...
T independent antigen (TI)
TI-1 antigens activate B-cells via Toll like receptors, which are expressed in humans on the surface of B lymphocytes after BCR ... cause proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes without T cell stimulation and independently of their BCR specificity ... TI-1 antigen, which has an activity that can directly activate B cells and TI-2 antigen, which has highly repetitive structure ... T independent antigens are divided into 2 classes by the mechanism of activating B cells. TI-1 antigens have an intrinsic B ...
Macfarlane Burnet
... reflecting the specificity of the antibody that will later be synthesised once the cell is activated by an antigen. The antigen ... causing preferential proliferation and differentiation of the clones that have receptors for that antigen. In 1958 Gustav ... Jerne proposed that the antigen bound to an antibody by chance and, that upon binding, more antibodies to that antigen would be ... no antibody response should develop against the foreign cell antigen when the animal takes on independent existence. Burnet was ...
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen
First described by Thomsen as a red blood cell's antigen, later research have determined it to be an oncofetal antigen. it is ... "Specificity of reagents directed to the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen and their capacity to bind to the surface of human ... Uhlenbruck, G. (1981). "The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) Receptor: An Old History with New Mystery". Immunological Investigations ... "Cell surface-expressed Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in colon cancer is predominantly carried on high molecular weight splice ...
Clonal deletion
... or the part of an antigen to which B cell and T cell receptors recognize and bind. There is a large diversity of epitopes ... Each of these lymphocytes express specificity to a particular epitope, ... B and T cells are presented with self antigen after developing receptors while they are still in the primary lymphoid organs. ... This occurs after the functional B-cell receptor (BCR) is assembled. It is possible for B cells with high self affinity to go ...
Receptor editing
... forms part of central tolerance to attempt to change the specificity of the antigen receptor of self reactive immature B-cells ... This process of changing the specificity of the immature B cell receptor is called receptor editing. Meffre, E; Wardemann, H ( ... components of the antigen receptor) so that it has a different specificity and may not recognize self antigens anymore. ... Halverson R, Torres RM, Pelanda R (2004). "Receptor editing is the main mechanism of B cell tolerance toward membrane antigens ...