Oxidative phosphorylation
Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and ... This unstable species can lead to electron "leakage" when electrons transfer directly to oxygen, forming superoxide. As the ... "Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". Nature. 415 (6867): 96-9. Bibcode:2002Natur.415...96E. doi:10.1038/ ... transfer of one or two electrons produces superoxide or peroxide anions, which are dangerously reactive. These reactive oxygen ...
Reactive oxygen species production in marine microalgae
The dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide can also be catalyzed by the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase with a ... Since superoxide is also moderately reactive towards trace metals and dissolved organic matter, any remaining superoxide is ... Many phytoplankton, for instance, have been found to have numerous superoxide-scavenging (superoxide dismutase) and hydrogen ... The antioxidant superoxide dismutase catalyses the formation of hydrogen peroxide from the superoxide anion through the ...
Anne Pomeroy Autor
Protective effect of superoxide dismutase". Annals of Surgery. 202 (5): 628-641. doi:10.1097/00000658-198511000-00016. ISSN ... Dryer SE; Dryer RL; Autor AP (1 February 1980). "Enhancement of mitochondrial, cyanide-resistant superoxide dismutase in the ...
Thermogenin
"Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". Nature. 415 (6867): 96-9. Bibcode:2002Natur.415...96E. doi:10.1038/ ...
Fenton's reagent
Superoxide ions and transition metals act in a synergistic way in the appearance of free radical damages. Therefore, although ... Hayyan, M.; Hashim, M. A.; Al Nashef, I. M. (2016). "Superoxide ion: Generation and chemical implications". Chemical Reviews. ...
Solvated electron
Na(NH3)6]+e− + cryptand → [Na(cryptand)]+e−+ 6 NH3 The solvated electron reacts with oxygen to form a superoxide radical (O2 ... Hayyan, Maan; Hashim, Mohd Ali; Alnashef, Inas M. (2016). "Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications". Chemical ...
Peroxynitrite
Beckman, J. S; Koppenol, W. H (1996). "Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad, and ugly". American ... Nitrotyrosine Reactive nitrogen species Bohle, D. Scott; Sagan, Elisabeth S. (2004). "Tetramethylammonium Salts of Superoxide ... 3 Peroxynitrite can be prepared by the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide: NO + O−2 → NO(O2)− It is prepared by the ...
Radical (chemistry)
In living organisms, the radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as ... Reactive oxygen species or ROS are species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, commonly associated ... Two important oxygen-centered radicals are superoxide and hydroxyl radical. They derive from molecular oxygen under reducing ... "Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications". Chem. Rev. 116 (5): 3029-85. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00407. PMID ...
Ischemic colitis
Granger D, Rutili G, McCord J (1981). "Superoxide radicals in feline intestinal ischemia". Gastroenterology. 81 (1): 22-9. doi: ...
Biological roles of the elements
"Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase - Signals of Distinction". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (2): 181-190. doi: ...
Metalloprotein
Otherwise, the superoxide ion must be destroyed before it does unwanted damage in a cell. The superoxide dismutase enzymes ... It involves both oxidation and reduction of superoxide ions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) group of enzymes increase the rate ... The superoxide ion, O− 2 is generated in biological systems by reduction of molecular oxygen. It has an unpaired electron, so ... 2002). Superoxide Dismutase: 349 (Methods in Enzymology). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-182252-1. Heinrich P, Löffler G, ...
Hydroxyl radical
Hayyan, M.; Hashim, M.A.; AlNashef, I.M. (2016). "Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications". Chem. Rev. 116 (5): ...
High altitude breathing apparatus
Potassium superoxide was used as an oxygen source on early crewed missions of the Soviet space program. Commercial aircraft ... The oxygen source is usually an inorganic superoxide,chlorate, or perchlorate; ozonides are another promising group of oxygen ... Hayyan, M.; Hashim, M.A.; AlNashef, I.M. (2016). "Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications". Chem. Rev. 116 (5): ...
Joseph Paul Robinson
Carter, W. O.; Narayanan, P. K.; Robinson, J. P. (1994). "Intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion detection in ... "Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion Detection in Endothelial Cells." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 55 (2): 253- ... "DPI induces mitochondrial superoxide-mediated apoptosis". Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 34 (4): 465-477. doi:10.1016/S0891 ... "DPI Induces Mitochondrial Superoxide-Mediated Apoptosis." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 34 (4): 465-77. https://doi.org/ ...
UCP2
2002). "Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". Nature. 415 (6867): 96-9. Bibcode:2002Natur.415...96E. doi: ...
Reactive oxygen species
Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a class of enzymes that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen ... Catalase and superoxide dismutase ameliorate the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively, by ... O2 + e− → O−2 Competing with its formation, superoxide is destroy by the action of superoxide dismutases, enzymes that catalyze ... superoxide (O−2) is produced by reduction of O2. Several grams are produced per day in the human body within the mitochondria. ...
CCS (gene)
Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase is a metalloprotein that is responsible for the delivery of Cu to superoxide ... Culotta VC, Klomp LW, Strain J, Casareno RL, Krems B, Gitlin JD (Sep 1997). "The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase". ... Moore SD, Chen MM, Cox DW (2000). "Cloning and mapping of murine superoxide dismutase copper chaperone (Ccsd) and mapping of ... Rae TD, Torres AS, Pufahl RA, O'Halloran TV (Feb 2001). "Mechanism of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activation by the human ...
Neurotoxin
Lafon-Cazal, Mireille; Pietri, Sylvia; Culcasi, Marcel; Bockaert, Joel (1993). "NMDA-dependent Superoxide Production and ... by Mild and Intense Insults with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate or Nitric Oxide/Superoxide in Cortical Cell Cultures". Proceedings of the ... Implications for Endothelial Injury from Nitric Oxide and Superoxide". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (4 ...
Alkali metal
Because the superoxide releases the most energy when formed, the superoxide is preferentially formed for the larger alkali ... Potassium forms a mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide, while rubidium and caesium form the superoxide ... The alkali metal peroxides and superoxides are powerful oxidising agents. Sodium peroxide and potassium superoxide react with ... Additionally, francium superoxide (FrO2) is expected to have significant covalent character, unlike the other alkali metal ...
Magnesium ozonide
Vol'nov, Il'ya Ivanovich (1966). Petrocelli, A. W. (ed.). Peroxides, Superoxides, and Ozonides of Alkali and Alkaline Earth ...
Caesium peroxide
2Cs + O2 → Cs2O2 It can also be formed by the thermal decomposition of caesium superoxide: 2CsO2 → Cs2O2 + O2 Upon heating ... Sun, Yun; Liu, Zhi; Pianetta, Piero; Lee, Dong-Ick (2007). "Formation of cesium peroxide and cesium superoxide on InP ... I. I. Volnov (2012). Peroxides, Superoxides, and Ozonides of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals. Springer. p. 45. ISBN ...
Copper naproxen
Characterization, superoxide dismutase and catecholase - mimetic activities". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 45 (9): ...
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Rubidium ozonide
It is an ozonide, meaning it contains the ozonide anion (O3−). It can be created by reacting rubidium superoxide (RbO2) with ... Vol'nov, I. I.; Dobrolyubova, M. S.; Tsentsiper, A. B. (1966). "Synthesis of rubidium ozonide via rubidium superoxide". ...
Oltipraz
... has also been shown to generate superoxide radicals, which can be toxic. Prince M, Li Y, Childers A, Itoh K, Yamamoto ... Velayutham M, Villamena FA, Fishbein JC, Zweier JL (March 2005). "Cancer chemopreventive oltipraz generates superoxide anion ...
Pathophysiology of hypertension
Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as ... ISBN 978-1-4051-3061-5. Nakazono K, Watanabe N, Matsuno K, Sasaki J, Sato T, Inoue M (November 1991). "Does superoxide underlie ... Laursen JB, Rajagopalan S, Galis Z, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Harrison DG (February 1997). "Role of superoxide in angiotensin II- ... It has been suggested that angiotensin II enhances formation of the oxidant superoxide at concentrations that affect blood ...
Oxygen toxicity
One species produced by the body, the superoxide anion (O− 2), is possibly involved in iron acquisition. Higher than normal ... Oury, TD; Ho, YS; Piantadosi, Claude A; Crapo, JD (1992). "Extracellular superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and central ... Thom, Steven R (1992). "Inert gas enhancement of superoxide radical production". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 295 ( ... "Superoxide-dependent iron uptake: a new role for anion exchange protein 2". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular ...
NFE2L2
Oltipraz also generates superoxide radicals, which can be toxic. Genetic activation of NRF2 may promote the development of de ... Velayutham M, Villamena FA, Fishbein JC, Zweier JL (March 2005). "Cancer chemopreventive oltipraz generates superoxide anion ...
Larry Curtiss
"Stable "superoxide" opens the door to a new class of batteries , Argonne National Laboratory". www.anl.gov. 12 January 2016. ... He helped create a Li-O2 battery that runs on lithium superoxide. Curtiss and researchers from Argonne and the University of ... US 9553316, Lu, Jun; Amine, Khalil & Curtiss, Larry A et al., "Lithium-oxygen batteries incorporating lithium superoxide", ... 10.1038/nnano.2016.207 A Lithium-Oxygen Battery Based on Lithium Superoxide, J. Lu, Y. J. Lee, X. Luo, K. C. Lau, M. Asadi, H.- ...
Caesium
When caesium burns in air, the superoxide CsO 2 is the main product. The "normal" caesium oxide (Cs 2O) forms yellow-orange ... Vol'nov, I. I.; Matveev, V. V. (1963). "Synthesis of cesium ozonide through cesium superoxide". Bulletin of the Academy of ... In addition to the superoxide and the ozonide CsO 3, several brightly coloured suboxides have also been studied. These include ...