... inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 35 (1): 1-17. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00216.x. hdl: ... Lockyer, A.E.; Olson, P.D. & Littlewood, D.T.J. (2003). "Utility of complete large and small subunit rRNA genes in resolving ... biochemicals such as DNA, RNA and proteins, has radically changed scientists' view of evolutionary relationships between ... as well as molecular phylogenetics analyses since 2000 using different sections of DNA, agree that Acoelomorpha, consisting of ...

... began using small subunit ribosomal RNA to reclassify bacteria by genetic (rather than morphological) similarity. Work ... In his work with the genetic code, Woese had suggested RNA-based life had preceded the current forms of DNA-based life, as had ... After the 1970s, nucleic acid sequencing allowed molecular evolution to reach beyond proteins to highly conserved ribosomal RNA ... noncoding DNA evolves faster while protein evolution is retarded by selection (which is more significant than drift for large ...

preventing the binding of the 60S ribosomal subunit binding to the mRNA can repress translation. Translation can be regulated ... DNA methylation maintains the silencing of genes as the heterochromatin sequences can be established or spread. The siRNA ... Ishizuka A, Siomi MC, Siomi H (2002). "A Drosophila fragile X protein interacts with components of RNAi and ribosomal proteins ... catalyzes DNA elimination of target sequences known as internal elimination sequences (IESs). Using methyltransferases and ...

Other more focused studies typically analysed only a single locus (sometimes two) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, limiting their ... are distinguished from each other by differences in the nucleic acid sequence patterns of their nuclear large ribosomal subunit ... Reanalysis of the DNA sequences representing genuine Teloschistaceae showed that the members of Brownlielloideae are dispersed ... Kondratyuk and colleagues enumerated all members of the Teloschistaceae with available DNA sequences, and confirmed 590 species ...

... was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the even larger structure of the large 50S ribosomal subunit, ... For a copy of DNA to be made, a duplicate set of its nucleotides is required. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase performs a step in ... HaeIII methyltransferase (right) binds to DNA where it methylates (adds a methy group to) it. Human interferon beta (left) is ... "The crystal structure of the Hae III methyltransferase covalently complexed to DNA: An extrahelical cytosine and rearranged ...

... ribonuclease P protein subunit p30 RRP12: ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog RSU1: ras suppressor protein 1 RTKN2: encoding ... Chromosome 10 spans about 134 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the ... WASH complex subunit 2C WBP1L: WW domain binding protein 1-like ZNF37A: zinc finger protein 37A ZNF438: zinc finger protein 438 ... "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10". Nature. 429 (6990): 375-81. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..375D. doi ...

... subunits regulate preinitiation complex assembly at the ribosomal gene promoter". EMBO Rep. 3 (11): 1082-7. doi:10.1093/embo- ... "c-Myc binds to human ribosomal DNA and stimulates transcription of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I". Nat. Cell Biol. 7 (3): 311- ... TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TAF1C gene ... 110 subunits of class I general transcription initiation factor SL1". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 89 (1-2): 133-6. doi:10.1159/ ...

"A molecular technique for identification of bacteria using small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences". BioTechniques. 17 (1): 144- ... Pseudo TRFs, on the other hand, are reproducible peaks and are linear to the amount of DNA loaded. These peaks are thought to ... Because T-RFLP relies on DNA extraction methods and PCR, the biases inherent to both will affect the results of the analysis. ... It has been suggested that applying a DNA exonuclease such as the Mung bean exonuclease prior to the digestion stage might ...

In response to DNA damage, a cell's DNA repair reaction is a cascade of signaling pathways that leads to checkpoint engagement ... It is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, which is needed for ribosomal assembly. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): This ... The catalytic subunit has a nuclear localization sequence which prompts it to go into the nucleus and phosphorylate other ... DNA, like every other molecule, is capable of undergoing a wide range of chemical reactions. Modifications in DNA's sequence, ...

... and then the large subunit of the ribosome attaches to the small subunit and translation of a protein begins. This entire ... Usually 25 bases in length, they bind to complementary sequences of RNA or single-stranded DNA by standard nucleic acid base- ... Bound to the 5'-untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA), Morpholinos can interfere with progression of the ribosomal ... The small subunit of the ribosome usually starts by binding at the 5' end of the mRNA and is joined there by various other ...

Lin CY, Tuan J, Scalia P, Bui T, Comai L (Dec 2002). "The cell cycle regulatory factor TAF1 stimulates ribosomal DNA ... "The HMG box-containing nucleolar transcription factor UBF interacts with a specific subunit of RNA polymerase I". EMBO J. 13 (1 ... region of human ribosomal transcription factor UBF". DNA Seq. 12 (4): 267-72. doi:10.3109/10425170109025001. PMID 11916260. ... UBTF is a nucleolar phosphoprotein with both DNA binding and transactivation domains. Sequence-specific DNA binding to the core ...

Careful biochemical studies showed that extensively-deproteinized large ribosomal subunits could still catalyze peptide bond ... the reverse of the usual DNA-to-RNA transcription pathway. They encode a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) ... localized the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome to a highly-conserved region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA ... thereby implying that the sought-after activity might lie within ribosomal RNA rather than ribosomal proteins. Structural ...

This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the EcoL15 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this ... Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788-95 ... Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% ... 39S ribosomal protein L15, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL15 gene. Mammalian mitochondrial ...

A total of 95% of its DNA encodes for proteins or stable RNA molecules. N. equitans has small appendages that come out of its ... It does have five subunits of an ATP synthase as well as pathways for oxidative deamination. Whether it obtains energy from ... Initial examination of single-stranded ribosomal RNA indicated that the organism most likely belonged to the Archaea domain. ... This may explain why the genome lacks the large stretches of non-coding DNA characteristic of other parasites. The organism's ...

Ban N, Nissen P, Hansen J, Moore PB, Steitz TA (August 2000). "The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at ... DNA and Cell Biology. 25 (3): 135-41. doi:10.1089/dna.2006.25.135. PMID 16569192. Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, ... Ribosomal RNA was next to be discovered, followed by URNA in the early 1980s. Since then, the discovery of new non-coding RNAs ... The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally ...

November 2014). "Structure of the large ribosomal subunit from human mitochondria". Science. 346 (6210): 718-722. Bibcode: ... Hamers L (2016). "Why do our cell's power plants have their own DNA?". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaf4083. Greber BJ, Bieri P ... For more information on the nomenclature, see Ribosomal protein § Table of ribosomal proteins.) MRPS1, MRPS2, MRPS3, MRPS4, ... The mitochondrial ribosomal protein nomenclature generally follows that of bacteria, with extra numbers used for mitochondrion- ...

... consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately ... Bbc1 is affinity captured by the Nebulin-family actin filament anchoring protein Cyk3 and the SMARCAD1 family ATP-dependent DNA ... This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L13E family of ... 60S ribosomal protein L13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL13 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze ...

During initiation, trichothecenes can either inhibit the association of the two ribosomal subunits, or inhibit the function of ... Upon consumption, the toxin inhibits ribosomal protein, DNA and RNA synthesis, mitochondrial functions cell division while ... the enzyme which catalyzes the formation of new peptide bonds on the 60s ribosomal subunit. Inhibition during termination can ... Li M, Pestka JJ (September 2008). "Comparative induction of 28S ribosomal RNA cleavage by ricin and the trichothecenes ...

November 2015). "Mechanism of eIF6 release from the nascent 60S ribosomal subunit". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 22 ( ... It is possible that it has a role in binding to DNA or RNA. Protein binding to form a protein complex is also another ... from the late cytoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal subunit allowing assembly of the 80S. Dynamic rotation of the SBDS protein in the ... from late cytoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal subunit. Knockdown of SBDS expression results in increased apoptosis in erythroid cells ...

40S Ribosomal Subunits scanning the mRNA from 5' have TC bound and translate the first upstream open reading frame (uORF). ... Thereby the cell prevents passing the G1 checkpoint and starting DNA replication when the DNA is damaged. It has been ... It is thought that GCN1/GCN20 facilitates the transfer of tRNA from the ribosomal A site to the HisRS-like domain of GCN2. An ... Some of the 40S Subunits are not able to rebind TC before they reach uORF 4 but eventually rebind TC before reaching GCN4 ...

... as well as large subunit (rnl) and small subunit (rns) rRNA genes and >22 tRNA genes. Also present are a number of protein ... Among these rare or unique mtDNA-encoded genes are dpo, rpoB,C, rrn5, rnpB, tufA, yejU-W, and several of the ribosomal protein ... Transcribed genes are found on both DNA strands. The standard genetic code is used for translation. Encoded genes include those ...

... consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately ... Cross SH, Charlton JA, Nan X, Bird AP (1994). "Purification of CpG islands using a methylated DNA binding column". Nat. Genet. ... This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L24E family of ... "Entrez Gene: RPL24 ribosomal protein L24". Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A (1996). "Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal ...

... which are ribosomal subunit genes used to track evolutionary relationships between bacteria. Also relevant in determining if ... V. cholerae has two circular DNA. One DNA produces the cholera toxin (CT), a protein that causes profuse, watery diarrhea ( ... and a conserved DNA binding protein that acts as a ratchet to reel DNA into the cytoplasm. There are two models of genetic ... This cholera toxin contains 5 B subunits that plays a role in attaching to the intestinal epithelial cells and 1 A subunit that ...

... consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately ... "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489-95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID ... The RPL3 gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L3P family of ... "Entrez Gene: RPL3 ribosomal protein L3". Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A (1996). "Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal ...

The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (5): 277-86. doi: ... "Entrez Gene: ASCC3L1 activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3-like 1". Human SNRNP200 genome location and SNRNP200 ... a Homologue of Ribosomal Elongation Factor EF-2, and a Novel WD-40 Protein". Mol Cell Biol. 18 (11): 6756-66. doi:10.1128/mcb. ... 2003). "Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones". DNA Res. 9 (3): ...

2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins ... DNA Res. 12 (2): 117-26. doi:10.1093/dnares/12.2.117. PMID 16303743. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, et al. (2007). "Large-scale ... 2000). "A proteomics approach to the identification of mammalian mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal proteins". J. Biol. Chem ... Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% ...

... by analyses of partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61 (6): 2257-61. doi:10.1128/AEM. ... with small-subunit rRNA primers and probes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (6): 2384-90. doi:10.1128/AEM.63.6.2384 ...

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the ... "Primers, 16S ribosomal DNA - François Lutzoni's Lab". lutzonilab.net. Archived from the original on 2012-12-27. Eden PA, ... Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (January 1991). "16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study". Journal ... Kolbert CP, Persing DH (June 1999). "Ribosomal DNA sequencing as a tool for identification of bacterial pathogens". Current ...

Cap-dependent translation involves a series of steps that join the small and large ribosomal subunits at the start codon of ... Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are transcribed from DNA, and serve as templates for the synthesis of proteins by ribosomal translation ... cap of mRNA and the ribosomal subunits. eIF4E BPs (4E-BPs), as small polypeptides, consist of the same amino acid sequence as ... As an alternative, the associated ribosomal units are moved to the start location by internal ribosome entry site trans acting ...

... which in turn recruits the 40S ribosomal subunit. However, a poly(A) tail is not required for the translation of all mRNAs. ... Molecular Biology of the Cell, Chapter 6, "From DNA to RNA". 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: ... For example, the expression of CstF-64, a subunit of cleavage stimulatory factor (CstF), increases in macrophages in response ... Slomovic S, Laufer D, Geiger D, Schuster G (2006). "Polyadenylation of ribosomal RNA in human cells". Nucleic Acids Research. ...