Linea nigra

Fair-skinned women show this phenomenon less often than women with darker pigmentation. Linea nigra typically disappears within ... Physiological cutaneous signs in normal pregnancy: a study of 60 pregnant women]". Ann Dermatol Venereol (in French). 121 (3): ...

Affective science

Alongside this researchers also use fMRI, EEG and physiological measures of skin conductance, muscle tension and hormone ... Research over the last two decades suggests that many phenomena, ranging from individual cognitive processing to social and ... The major challenge for this interdisciplinary domain is to integrate research focusing on the same phenomenon, emotion and ... This hybrid approach should allow researchers to gradually pinpoint the affective phenomenon. There are also a few commercial ...

Weasel

... this has been established as a physiological phenomenon that dried skin that receives a shock would tear off.[citation needed] ... Kamaitachi is a phenomenon wherein one who is idle is suddenly injured as if his or her skin were cut by a scythe. In the past ...

Regeneration (biology)

Examples of physiological regeneration are the continual replacement of cells of the skin and repair of the endometrium after ... While reparative regeneration is a rare phenomenon in mammals, it does occur. A well-documented example is regeneration of the ... teeth physiological teeth regeneration,[64] and reparative skin regeneration.[107] Rhodopsin regeneration has been studied in ... Examples of physiological regeneration in mammals include epithelial renewal (e.g., skin and intestinal tract), red blood cell ...

Tissue expansion

When skin is stretched beyond its physiological limit, mechanotransduction pathways are activated. This leads to cell growth as ... Other biological phenomena such as tissue inflammation can also be considered expansion (see tissue inflammation below). Skin ... As a result, the skin surface area increases. Continuum mechanics approaches can be used to model skin growth during tissue ... is a vector in the direction of skin thickness. We assume that the skin does not grow in the thickness direction for area ...

Adult stem cell

GI tract and skin, which are derived from endoderm and mesoderm.[7] This phenomenon is referred to as stem cell ... There is yet no consensus among biologists on the prevalence and physiological and therapeutic relevance of stem cell ... pluripotent stem cells equivalent to embryonic stem cells have been derived from human adult skin tissue.[67][68][69][70][71] ... "Researcher Turns Adult Mouse Skin Cells into Embryonic Stem Cells." Bioethics. URL: http://www.lifenews.com/2006/07/04/bio-1593 ...

Goose bumps

The phrase "goose bumps" derives from the phenomenon's association with goose skin. Goose feathers grow from stores in the ... Benedek, Kaernbach (2011). "Physiological correlates and emotional specificity of human piloerection". Biological Psychology. ... in other languages came into being merely due to the visual similarity of the bird's plucked skin and the human skin phenomenon ... "duck skin" (עור ברווז). In Vietnamese, it is called da gà, which can be translated as "chicken skin", or gai ốc, which can be ...

Unidentified flying object

Physiological effects on people and animals including temporary paralysis, skin burns and rashes, corneal burns, and symptoms ... Other atmospheric objects and phenomena (birds, unusual clouds, kites, flares). *Light phenomena mirages, Fata Morgana, ball ... The 1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel was a series of mass sightings of celestial phenomena above Basel, Switzerland. ... "anomalous phenomena", as in the title of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP).[11] "Anomalous ...

Immune tolerance

"We did not set out with the idea in mind of studying the immunological consequences of the phenomenon described by Owen; on the ... The skin and digestive tract of humans and many other organisms is colonized with an ecosystem of microorganisms that is ... Immune tolerance encompasses the range of physiological mechanisms by which the body reduces or eliminates an immune response ... The phenomenon of immune tolerance was first described by Ray D. Owens in 1945, who noted that dizygotic twin cattle sharing a ...

Regeneration (biology)

Examples of physiological regeneration are the continual replacement of cells of the skin and repair of the endometrium after ... In order to prevent starvation a planarian will use their own cells for energy, this phenomenon is known as de-growth. Limb ... Examples of physiological regeneration in mammals include epithelial renewal (e.g., skin and intestinal tract), red blood cell ... Some sharks can regenerate scales and even skin following damage. Within two weeks of skin wounding the mucus is secreted into ...

Support surface

... change their position approximately every 11.6 min-a phenomenon described by Keane as "minimum physiological mobility ... These can include, but are not limited to: Disorders of the skin and underlying tissue. Pneumonia and other related respiratory ... skin, and kidneys, despite the usual nursing practice of repositioning every two hours.[1] The traditional method of dealing ...

List of MeSH codes

... cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological ... and skin physiology G11 - musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology G12 - chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - ... Sociology and Social Phenomena I01 - social sciences I02 - education I03 - human activities J - Technology and Food and ... skin and connective tissue diseases C18 - nutritional and metabolic diseases C19 - endocrine system diseases C20 - immune ...

Orienting response

Researchers have found a number of physiological mechanisms associated with OR, including changes in phasic and tonic skin ... The phenomenon was first described by Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov in his 1863 book Reflexes of the Brain, and the term ... With repeated stimulation, all skin conductance readings diminished relative to novel introduction, though with emotionally ... who documented the phenomenon called "habituation", referring to a gradual "familiarity effect" and reduction of the orienting ...

Society for Psychophysiological Research

Skin conductance (level and response) Cardiac measures (heart rate, heart rate variability, contractility, both sympathetic ... In other words, psychophysiological research can consist of the study of social, psychological, and/or behavioral phenomena as ... A great deal of psychophysiological research has focused on the physiological instantiation of emotion, but with increased ... covering research on the interrelationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior. The ...

Sense

Such physiological and cognitive functions are generally not believed to give rise to mental phenomena or qualia, however, as ... Cephalopods have the ability to change color using chromatophores in their skin. Researchers believe that opsins in the skin ... such as when an insect may be walking along the skin. Stretching of the skin is transduced by stretch receptors known as ... Octopus vision, it's in the eye (or skin) of the beholder *^ Study proposes explanation for how cephalopods see color, despite ...

Sense

Such physiological and cognitive functions are generally not believed to give rise to mental phenomena or qualia, however, as ... Thermoception is the sense of heat and the absence of heat (cold) by the skin and internal skin passages, or, rather, the heat ... Nociception (physiological pain) signals nerve-damage or damage to tissue. The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous ( ... The mind considered by itself is seen as the principal gateway to a different spectrum of phenomena that differ from the ...

Behaviorism: Difference between revisions

Two popular subtypes are: 'Hullian and post-Hullian, theoretical, group data, not dynamic, physiological, and Purposive: Tolman ... According to some, this process that the behaviorists define is a very slow and gentle process to explain a phenomenon ... "within the skin" once meant "unobservable", but with modern technology we are not so constrained); dynamic, but eclectic in ... In contrast with the idea of a physiological or reflex response, an operant is a class of structurally distinct but ...

Lloyd A. Jeffress

Jeffress, L.A. (Apr 1928). "Galvanic phenomena of the skin". J EXP PSYCHOL. 11: 130. doi:10.1037/h0070808. McFadden, D., ed. ( ... His most cited article, "A Place Theory of Sound Localization", was in the 1948 Journal of Comparative and Physiological ... Jeffress completed a dissertation with Brown in 1926 concerning the galvanic skin response, and the two men remained close ... Jeffress received the first-ever Silver Medal in Psychological and Physiological Acoustics from the Acoustical Society of ...

Adult stem cell

This phenomenon is referred to as stem cell transdifferentiation or plasticity. It can be induced by modifying the growth ... Stem cells from the bone marrow, which is derived from mesoderm, can differentiate into liver, lung, GI tract and skin, which ... There is yet no consensus among biologists on the prevalence and physiological and therapeutic relevance of stem cell ... pluripotent stem cells equivalent to embryonic stem cells have been derived from human adult skin tissue. Other adult stem ...

Saliva testing

In more specific studies looking at the link between cortisol levels and psychological phenomena, it has been found that ... In situations where a subject undergoes induced anxiety, high cortisol levels correspond with experiencing more physiological ... luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone ratio and pelvic sonography in relation to skin manifestations in patients ... "Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control". Free Radic Biol Med. 55: 93-100. doi:10.1016/ ...

Fordyce spots

Most doctors consider this a normal physiological phenomenon and advise against treatment.[8] ... Sebaceous glands are normal structures of the skin but may also be found ectopically in the mouth, where they are referred to ... When seen as a streak of individual glands along the interface between the skin of the lip and the vermilion border, the terms ... James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders ...

Fordyce spots

Most doctors consider this a normal physiological phenomenon and advise against treatment. This variation of normal anatomy is ... When seen as a streak of individual glands along the interface between the skin of the lip and the vermilion border, the terms ... The spots can also appear on the skin of the scrotum. Oral Fordyce granules appear as rice-like granules, white or yellow-white ... Sebaceous glands are normal structures of the skin but may also be found ectopically in the mouth, where they are referred to ...

Immune tolerance

The phenomenon of immune tolerance was first described by Ray D. Owens in 1945, who noted that dizygotic twin cattle sharing a ... for more information, see Immune tolerance in pregnancy). The skin and digestive tract of humans and many other organisms is ... Reactions are mounted, however, to pathogenic microbes and microbes that breach physiological barriers. Peripheral mucosal ... It is used to describe the phenomenon underlying discrimination of self from non-self, suppressing allergic responses, allowing ...

Voodoo death

... , a term coined by Walter Cannon in 1942 also known as psychogenic death or psychosomatic death, is the phenomenon ... In 1942, Walter Bradford Cannon, MD, now looked to as a forerunner in modern physiological psychology, published a work wherein ... degree of muscle tonicity and skin pallor in an individual are also discernible without complicated instruments."[8] ... Richter, C.P. (1957). "On the phenomenon of sudden death in animals and man". Psychosom. Med. 19 (3): 191-8. CiteSeerX 10.1. ...

Smoker's melanosis

In skin, melanin prevents harmful UV-light from reaching deeper, sensible parts of the tissue. If UV-light penetrates deep, ... If the granules derive from the epithelium, a phenomenon known as melanin incontinence, is not known. In Caucasians these ... Smoker's melanosis is a benign, normal physiological reaction, and does not develop into cancer. If it does not disappear, ... Discoloured skin on finger. Area close to cigarette glow. Melanocyte with melanin granules in dendrite. Melanocytes in basal ...

Electrodermal activity

... and skin conductance is an indication of psychological or physiological arousal. If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic ... Human extremities, including fingers, palms, and soles of feet display different bio-electrical phenomena.They can be detected ... skin conductance response (SCR), sympathetic skin response (SSR) and skin conductance level (SCL). The long history of research ... Historically, EDA has also been known as skin conductance, galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), ...

Sensory deprivation

A related phenomenon is perceptual deprivation, also called the Ganzfeld effect. In this case a constant uniform stimulus is ... Apart from physiological effects, REST seems to have positive effects on well-being and performance.[8] ... The flotation medium consists of a skin-temperature solution of water and Epsom salts at a specific gravity that allows for the ... For the first 40 minutes, it is reportedly possible to experience itching in various parts of the body (a phenomenon also ...

Grape

... and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an ... This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red ... Emerging evidence is that wine polyphenols such as resveratrol provide physiological benefit, whereas alcohol itself may have ... Fresh grape skin contains about 50 to 100 micrograms of resveratrol per gram. Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in ...

E-meter

The traditional theory of EDA holds that skin resistance varies with the state of sweat glands in the skin. Sweating is ... It is said he was so astounded by this phenomenon that he exclaimed, 'Aha, a looking glass into the unconscious!'. ... functions on the same physiological data sources as one of the parts of the polygraph, or "lie detector". According to ... Article Skin conductance, main page: "Lastly, galvanic skin responses are delayed 1-3 seconds." ...

Normal distribution

I can only recognize the occurrence of the normal curve - the Laplacian curve of errors - as a very abnormal phenomenon. It is ... skin area, weight); The length of inert appendages (hair, claws, nails, teeth) of biological specimens, in the direction of ... growth; presumably the thickness of tree bark also falls under this category; Certain physiological measurements, such as blood ...

Substance P

In contrast to other neuropeptides studied in human skin, substance P-induced vasodilatation has been found to decline during ... With the exception of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, the patho-physiological basis of many of the disease groups ... "Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for ... contributions to physiological control and the mechanisms of disease". Physiol. Rev. 94 (1): 265-301. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...

ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders

F50-F59) Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors[edit]. *(F50) Eating disorders * ... Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue XIII M00-M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue ... F59) Unspecified behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors. (F60-F69) Disorders of ... 1.6 (F50-F59) Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors ...

Honey bee

Karasov, William H.; Martinez del Rio, Carlos (2008). Physiological Ecology: How Animals Process Energy, Nutrients, and Toxins ... Their stings are often incapable of penetrating human skin, so the hive and swarms can be handled with minimal protection. They ... This relationship leads to a phenomenon known as "worker policing". In these rare situations, other worker bees in the hive who ... This phenomenon is also used to kill a queen perceived as intruding or defective, an action known to beekeepers as 'balling the ...

List of atheists in science and technology

Several structures and phenomena in anatomy and physiology are named for him, including the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon ... Hermann Joseph Muller (1890-1967): American geneticist and educator, best known for his work on the physiological and genetic ... sections of goat-skin parchment, sewn together, 27 feet long. I felt in the presence of something numinous, although I have ... "for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids". Giaever is an institute professor emeritus at the Rensselaer ...

Paleontology

This wrinkled "elephant skin" texture is a trace fossil of a non-stromatolite microbial mat. The image shows the location, in ... Gordon, M.S; Graham, J.B. & Wang, T. (September-October 2004). "Revisiting the Vertebrate Invasion of the Land". Physiological ... However, when confronted with totally unexpected phenomena, such as the first evidence for invisible radiation, experimental ... This means that it aims to describe phenomena of the past and reconstruct their causes.[5] Hence it has three main elements: ...

Hyperhidrosis

... can have physiological consequences such as cold and clammy hands, dehydration, and skin infections secondary to ... Eisenach JH, Atkinson JL, Fealey RD (May 2005). "Hyperhidrosis: evolving therapies for a well-established phenomenon". Mayo ... James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders ... One classification scheme uses the amount of skin affected.[10] In this scheme, excessive sweating in an area of 100 square ...

Happiness

Being in good spirits, quick to laugh and slow to anger, at peace and untroubled, confident and comfortable in your own skin, ... to a complex emotional phenomenon. Call it emotional well-being. Happiness as emotional well-being concerns your emotions and ... the physiological self) and the "greater self" (the moral self), and that getting the priorities right between these two would ...

Addison's disease

Darkening (hyperpigmentation) of the skin, including areas not exposed to the sun. Characteristic sites of darkening are skin ... Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex is caused by an immune reaction against the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (a phenomenon ... or prednisone tablets in a dosing regimen that mimics the physiological concentrations of cortisol. Alternatively, one-quarter ... and genital skin.[9] These skin changes are not encountered in secondary and tertiary hypoadrenalism.[10] ...

Muscle

A display of "strength" (e.g. lifting a weight) is a result of three factors that overlap: physiological strength (muscle size ... which forms skin), and myotome (which forms muscle). The myotome is divided into two sections, the epimere and hypomere, which ... This phenomenon is called cross education.[citation needed]. Atrophy. Main article: Muscle atrophy ... perhaps because of the shape of certain muscles or because contracting muscles look like mice moving under the skin.[3][4] ...

Protein

By contrast, in vivo experiments can provide information about the physiological role of a protein in the context of a cell or ... Lectins typically play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins.[39] Receptors and hormones are ... In animals such as dogs and cats, protein maintains the health and quality of the skin by promoting hair follicle growth and ... "Diet and skin disease in dogs and cats". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (12 Suppl): 2783S-89S. doi:10.1093/jn/128.12.2783S ...

Bird

"Phenomena: Not Exactly Rocket Science How Chickens Lost Their Penises (And Ducks Kept Theirs)". Phenomena.nationalgeographic. ... Feathers are epidermal growths attached to the skin and arise only in specific tracts of skin called pterylae. The distribution ... Water is needed by many birds although their mode of excretion and lack of sweat glands reduces the physiological demands.[128] ... Turner, J. Scott (1997). "On the thermal capacity of a bird's egg warmed by a brood patch". Physiological Zoology. 70 (4): 470- ...

Hemoglobin

This phenomenon, where molecule Y affects the binding of molecule X to a transport molecule Z, is called a heterotropic ... When hemoglobin combines with CO, it forms a very bright red compound called carboxyhemoglobin, which may cause the skin of CO ... Oxyhemoglobin is formed during physiological respiration when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in ...

Paraneoplastic syndrome

In contrast, these phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (such as hormones or cytokines) secreted by tumor cells or by an ... cannot be eliminated via urine and results in grey to black-blueish skin tones). The following diseases manifest by means of ... The following diseases manifest by means of physiological dysfunction besides the categories above: membranous ...

Human physical appearance

Short-term physiological changesEdit. *Blushing, crying, fainting, hiccup, yawning, laughing, stuttering, sexual arousal, ... Height, body weight, skin tone, body hair, sexual organs, moles, birthmarks, freckles, hair color, hair texture, eye color, eye ... cultures place different degrees of emphasis on physical appearance and its importance to social status and other phenomena. ... Physiological differencesEdit. Humans are distributed across the globe with the exception of Antarctica, and form a variable ...

Phenolic content in wine

This phenomenon is due to a double mutation in the anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene of V. vinifera.[9] In the mid-20th ... In wine grapes, they develop during the stage of veraison when the skin of red wine grapes changes color from green to red to ... This "physiological ripeness", which is roughly determined by tasting the grapes off the vines, is being used along with sugar ... Commercial preparations of tannins, known as enological tannins, made from oak wood, grape seed and skin, plant gall, chestnut ...

Amphibian

The progeny feed on a skin layer that is specially developed by the adult in a phenomenon known as maternal dermatophagy. The ... vertebrates that do not maintain their body temperature through internal physiological processes. Their metabolic rate is low ... Their skins were exposed to harmful ultraviolet rays that had previously been absorbed by the water. The skin changed to become ... Their skin contains little keratin and lacks scales, apart from a few fish-like scales in certain caecilians. The skin contains ...

Autoimmunity

Omega-3 may inhibit production of interferon gamma and other cytokines which cause the physiological symptoms of depression. ... Finally, IgA deficiency is also sometimes associated with the development of autoimmune and atopic phenomena. ... Understanding Autoimmune Diseases - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases ... While major depression is not necessarily an autoimmune disease, some of its physiological symptoms are inflammatory and ...

Symptom

The term is sometimes also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to " ... anyone can confirm that the skin is redder than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of ...

Color wheel

Goethe's Theory of Colours provided the first systematic study of the physiological effects of color (1810). His observations ... Human Color Wheel based on the hue and light detected on human skins, after Harbisson (2004-2009) ... and optical illusions relating to color are therefore a common phenomenon. The color circle is a useful tool for examining ...

Hypoxia (medical)

environmental skin conditions. Electrical burn. frictional/traumatic/sports. Black heel and palm. Equestrian perniosis. ... Physiological compensation[edit]. Acute[edit]. If oxygen delivery to cells is insufficient for the demand (hypoxia), electrons ... Although hypoxemia normally stimulates ventilation and produces dyspnea, these phenomena and the other symptoms and signs of ... Due to physiological processes, carbon monoxide is maintained at a resting level of 4-6 ppm. This is increased in urban areas ( ...

Surfactant

Rosen MJ, Kunjappu JT (2012). Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 1. ... Skin irritancy generally increases in the series non-ionic, amphoteric, anionic, cationic surfactants.[3] ... Prolonged exposure to surfactants can irritate and damage the skin because surfactants disrupt the lipid membrane that protects ... and the application of medicinal lotions and sprays to surface of skin and mucous membranes.[22] ...

Clothing

... is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin ... Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. ... "Physiological tolerance to uncompensable heat stress: effects of exercise intensity, protective clothing, and climate" (PDF) ... The human body sheds skin cells and body oils, and exudes sweat, urine, and feces. From the outside, sun damage, moisture, ...

Pathophysiology

A spider envenomation occurs whenever a spider injects venom into the skin. Not all spider bites inject venom - a dry bite, and ... a phenomenon never before observed. Avery was initially skeptical of Griffith's findings and for some time refused to accept ... is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or ... establishing cytology as the focus of physiological research, while Julius Cohnheim pioneered experimental pathology in medical ...

Aspirin

Skin[edit]. For a small number of people, taking aspirin can result in symptoms resembling an allergic reaction, including ... Complicating the use of aspirin for prevention is the phenomenon of aspirin resistance.[50][51] For people who are resistant, ... Physiological Reviews. 88 (4): 1547-65. doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2008. PMID 18923189.. ... Aspirin and other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, may delay the healing of skin wounds.[104] Aspirin may however help heal venous ...

Fish physiology

The skin of anguillid eels may absorb oxygen directly. The buccal cavity of the electric eel may breathe air. Catfish of the ... This phenomenon results in an architectural gear ratio, determined as longitudinal strain divided by fiber strain (εx / εf), ... An organism's preferred temperature is typically the temperature at which the organism's physiological processes can act at ... Mudskippers breathe by absorbing oxygen across the skin (similar to frogs). A number of fish have evolved so-called accessory ...

Desert

While there they shed their skins a number of times and retain the remnants around them as a waterproof cocoon to retain ... short-lived phenomenon can occur in calm conditions when hot air near the ground rises quickly through a small pocket of cooler ... Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 77 (3): 346-365. PMID 15286910. doi:10.1086/420941.. ... They took with them their tents made of cloth or skins draped over poles and their diet included milk, blood and sometimes meat ...

Insect

In a phenomenon known as philopatry, insects that hibernate have shown the ability to recall a specific location up to a year ... Chown, S.L.; S.W. Nicholson (2004). Insect Physiological Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-851549-9.. ... Coarctate pupae develop inside the larval skin.[33]:151 Insects undergo considerable change in form during the pupal stage, and ... Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ (i.e. taste or smell) to a chemical stimulus where the chemicals ...

Ultraviolet

January 2012). "DNA damage after acute exposure of mice skin to physiological doses of UVB and UVA light". Arch Dermatol Res. ... and Related Phenomena 80(1996) 313-316" (PDF). Ts.nist.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 8 ... Skin damage. Overexposure to UVB radiation not only can cause sunburn but also some forms of skin cancer. However, the degree ... For humans, suntan and sunburn are familiar effects of exposure of the skin to UV light, along with an increased risks of skin ...