The conversion from single-stranded to double-stranded form is carried out by the host's own DNA polymerase. The host's RNA ... This is initiated when a viral endonuclease (gp2) nicks the double stranded intermediate. This nicking site is specific and the ... These new single strand DNA sequences become templates for further DNA and RNA synthesis. When sufficient gp5 has accumulated ... gp9 and gp11 along with the single stranded DNA and gp%. It begins at a specific sequence within the DNA which is predicted to ...

By using a single guide RNA (sgRNA), the endonuclease Cas9 can be delivered to a specific DNA sequence where it cleaves the ... "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 391 (6669): 806-11. Bibcode ... "A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity". Science. 337 (6096): 816-21. Bibcode:2012Sci ... March 2019). "Single-Cell Heterogeneity Analysis and CRISPR Screen Identify Key β-Cell-Specific Disease Genes". Cell Reports. ...

... or single-stranded substrate DNA or RNA. It is a representative of the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family. It is ... The enzyme cleaves single or double stranded DNA and RNA with similar rates, so long as the substrate DNA or RNA contains no ... "DNA Modifying Enzymes & Cloning Technologies - Exonucleases and Non-specific Endonucleases". New England Biolabs. Retrieved 30 ... Serratia marcescens nuclease (EC 3.1.30.2, endonuclease (Serratia marcescens), barley nuclease, plant nuclease I, nucleate ...

Representative cas2 proteins have been characterized as endonucleases that cleave single-stranded RNAs preferentially within U- ... rich regions, or as metal-dependent endonucleases targeting double-stranded (ds)DNA Beloglazova N, Brown G, Zimmerman MD, ... July 2008). "A novel family of sequence-specific endoribonucleases associated with the clustered regularly interspaced short ... Nam KH, Ding F, Haitjema C, Huang Q, DeLisa MP, Ke A (October 2012). "Double-stranded endonuclease activity in Bacillus ...

RNase H is a ribonuclease that cleaves the RNA in a DNA/RNA duplex to produce ssDNA. RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease and ... It is specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves the 3'-end of unpaired C and U residues, ultimately forming a 3'- ... EC number 3.1.??: RNase PhyM is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired A and U residues. EC ... EC 3.1.27.4: RNase U2 is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired A residues. EC 3.1.27.8: ...

... functions to bind single-stranded DNA in telomere maintenance and single-stranded RNA in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD ... SMG6 also functions as an endonuclease in the NMD pathway. The catalytic activity of SMG6 resides in its PIN domain, which is ... Differences in the orientation and specific residues in the TPR between SMG6 and its homologs may account for why SMG6 does not ... It has dual functions in telomere maintenance and RNA surveillance pathways. SMG6 binds single-stranded telomere DNA and ...

... single-stranded DNA specific endonuclease, single-strand-specific endodeoxyribonuclease, single strand-specific DNase and ... it can also occasionally introduce single-stranded breaks in double-stranded DNA or RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids. The enzyme ... similar activity but probably not homologous DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease, non-homologous family with similar DNA/RNA ... Neurospora crassa single-strand specific endonuclease, S1 nuclease, single-strand endodeoxyribonuclease, ...

Monodnaviria contains single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that encode an endonuclease of the HUH superfamily that initiates ... Riboviria contains all RNA viruses that encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), assigned to the kingdom Orthornavirae, ... Instead, realms group viruses together based on specific traits that are highly conserved over time, which may have been ... which contains all single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that encode a HUH superfamily endonuclease and their descendants; ...

Cas is an endonuclease enzyme that cuts the DNA at a specific location directed by a guide RNA. This is a target-specific ... In type II CRISPR/cas system, single guide RNA (sgRNA) directs the target specific regions. Single guide RNA are artificially ... After base pairing of the gRNA to the target, Cas9 mediates a double-strand break about 3-nt upstream of PAM. The GC content of ... A guide RNA (gRNA) is a piece of RNA that functions as a guide for RNA- or DNA-targeting enzymes, with which it forms complexes ...

M-MLV reverse transcriptase: an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from a single-stranded RNA template. A single guide RNA (sgRNA) ... unedited DNA sequence. The 5' flap is then cleaved by structure-specific endonucleases or 5' exonucleases. This process allows ... The prime system introduces single-stranded DNA breaks instead of the double-stranded DNA breaks observed in other editing ... and creates a heteroduplex DNA composed of one edited strand and one unedited strand. The reannealed double stranded DNA ...

... double-stranded DNA), or ssDNA (single-stranded DNA), or even RNA.[citation needed] This discussion is restricted to dsDNA; ... An example of a Type I restriction endonuclease.: 64 Furthermore, there exist DNA/RNA non-specific endonucleases, such as those ... quadruple-stranded DNA (G-quadruplex) Double-stranded hybrids of DNA and RNA (one strand is DNA, the other strand is RNA): 72- ... Most restriction endonucleases cleave the DNA strand unevenly, leaving complementary single-stranded ends. These ends can ...

Each type of exonuclease has a specific type of function or requirement. Exonuclease I breaks apart single-stranded DNA in a 3 ... CCR4 has been found to contain RNA and single-stranded DNA 3' to 5' exonuclease activities. Another component associated with ... which is specific for double-stranded DNA RNase activity 3' phosphatase activity AP endonuclease activity (later found to be ... hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes linear double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA, which requires Ca2+. This enzyme is ...

Cas13 is an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease, which means that it does not cleave DNA, but only single-stranded RNA. Cas13 is guided ... single strand) ssRNA- or (double strand) dsDNA- specific endoribonuclease activity. In the I-E system of E. coli Cas1 and Cas2 ... binding double-stranded fragments of invading DNA, while Cas1 binds the single-stranded flanks of the DNA and catalyses their ... "single-guide RNA" that, when combined with Cas9, could find and cut the DNA target specified by the guide RNA. This ...

One side of the ring is large enough to admit double stranded DNA, but the other end can only accommodate single stranded DNA, ... and multi-step recombination processes using endonucleases and ligases. Therefore, λ-red recombination is more specific in ... In DNA replication, RNA primers must be inserted along the lagging strand so that DNA polymerase is able to synthesize the ... Beta binds to the resulting single stranded 3' end and incorporates it into the target DNA to form the recombinant DNA. Phage λ ...

... gene structure was found when adenoviral mRNAs were hybridized to endonuclease cleavage fragments of single stranded viral DNA ... Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules bind to specific proteins to form a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP, ... Binding of U2 snRNP to the branch point sequence (BPS) is one example of an RNA-RNA interaction displacing a protein-RNA ... and participate in several RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. The assembly of the spliceosome occurs on each pre-mRNA (also ...

... non-coding DNA - non-coding strand - non-directiveness - nonconservative substitution - nonpolar-amino-acid-transporting ATPase ... single nucleotide polymorphism - siRNA - site-directed mutagenesis - site-specific recombination - Slc22a21 - slot blot - SNP ... untranslated RNA - upstream - upstream activator sequence - upstream DNA - upstream (transduction) - uracil - uracil/thymine ... endonuclease - enhancer - enterobacter ribonuclease - enzyme - epitope - ethidium bromide - evolutionary clock - evolutionary ...

Short stretches of single stranded DNA containing such damaged nucleotide are removed from duplex DNA by separate endonucleases ... DNA mismatch repair in any given organism is effected by a suite of mismatch-specific endonucleases. In prokaryotes, this role ... The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA. In the late 1960s, scientists Stuart Linn and Werner Arber isolated examples of the ... During DNA replication, DNA polymerases elongate new strands of DNA against complementary template strands. Most DNA ...

... results in a gain of high binding affinity with complementary single-stranded RNA and/or double-stranded DNA. The first 2',4'- ... capable of single nucleotide discrimination; increases the thermal stability of triplexes; resistance to exo- and endonucleases ... regulate resistance against nuclease degradation and the synthesis of functional molecules designed for specific applications ... The goal for the design was to find derivatives that possess high binding affinities with complementary RNA and/or DNA strands ...

This occurs because inappropriate cruciform DNA is a potential target for endonuclease double-stranded cleavage, most often at ... Specific endonucleases like Endonuclease T7 and S1 have been found to recognize and cleave inverted repeat sequences within ... These mutations include single base substitutions and insertions, but more often cruciform structures lead to deletion of ... Cruciform structures block the recognition of the tet promoter in pX by RNA polymerase. The cruciform structures can also ...

"Site-specific DNA endonuclease and RNA maturase activities of two homologous intron-encoded proteins from yeast mitochondria". ... by a group I intron in the Chlamydomonas pallidostigmatica chloroplast small subunit rRNA gene introduces a single-strand break ... Nicking endonuclease: These enzymes cut only one DNA strand, leaving the other strand untouched. **: Unknown cutting site: ... "The single group-I intron in the chloroplast rrnL gene of Chlamydomonas humicola encodes a site-specific DNA endonuclease (I- ...

... s recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides and produce a double-stranded cut in the DNA. The recognition ... Type IIG restriction endonucleases (e.g., RM.Eco57I) do have a single subunit, like classical Type II restriction enzymes, but ... utilize guide RNAs to target specific non-palindromic sequences found on invading organisms. They can cut DNA of variable ... All types of enzymes recognize specific short DNA sequences and carry out the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific ...

... has a complementary sequence to the sequence you would like to detect such that it binds to a single-strand of the DNA or RNA. ... Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes are enzymes that cleave the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA at ... This enzyme recognizes a specific sequence of the DNA (5'-GCGC-3') and methylates the first cytosine base of the sequence at ... It can also occur in RNA double helices or in the DNA:RNA intermediates formed during RNA transcription. DNA base flipping ...

... has also been used to disrupt the detrimental strand of DNA and RNA that cause diseases and mutated strands of DNA. Cas9 ... Sternberg SH, Redding S, Jinek M, Greene EC, Doudna JA (March 2014). "DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease ... Cas9 possesses the ability to target specific viruses by the targeting of specific strands of the viral genetic information. ... In the co-crystal structure shown here, the crRNA-tracrRNA complex is replaced by a chimeric single-guide RNA (sgRNA, in red) ...

The RPA process employs three core enzymes - a recombinase, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) and strand-displacing ... for rapid detection of viral genomic DNA or RNA, pathogenic bacterial genomic DNA, as well as short length aptamer DNA. The ... At optimal temperatures (37-42 °C), the reaction progresses rapidly and results in specific DNA amplification from just a few ... Addition of endonuclease IV means that a nfo probe can be used for lateral flow strip detection of successful amplification. If ...

GAPDH can self-associate into homotypic oligomers/aggregates GAPDH binds to single-stranded RNA and DNA and a number of nucleic ... to restart its endonuclease activity; Promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) in an RNA-dependent fashion; Rheb to sequester the ... In sperm, a testis-specific isoenzyme GAPDHS is expressed. Under normal cellular conditions, cytoplasmic GAPDH exists primarily ... Hepatitis B viral RNA, Hepatitis C viral RNA, HPIV3, lymphokine mRNA, IFN-γ mRNA, JEV mRNA, and telomeric DNA. Koningic acid ...

In eukaryotes endoV is primarily a ribonuclease and cleaves single-stranded RNA at the 3' position relative to an inosine base ... "Human endonuclease V is a ribonuclease specific for inosine-containing RNA". Nature Communications. 4: 2273. Bibcode:2013NatCo ... it has broad substrate specificity and can also act on other types of DNA lesions as well as on inosine-containing RNA. ... Vik ES, Nawaz MS, Strøm Andersen P, Fladeby C, Bjørås M, Dalhus B, Alseth I (2013). "Endonuclease V cleaves at inosines in RNA ...

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides after binding to the RNA primer and synthesizes the whole strand. Later, the RNA strands must ... possibility of primer removal is by creating a short flap that is directly removed by flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 ( ... end of the RNA primer from the previous Okazaki fragment, it displaces the 5′ end of the primer into a single-stranded RNA flap ... Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that uses a template strand of RNA to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA. The DNA ...

... either a homing endonuclease or a RNA-guided endonuclease (e.g., Cas9 or Cas12a) and its guide RNA, that cuts the target ... In particular, herpesviruses are nuclear-replicating DNA viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes and frequently undergo ... At the molecular level, an endonuclease gene drive works by cutting a chromosome at a specific site that does not encode the ... a gene drive introduced in a single individual typically requires dozens of generations to affect a substantial fraction of a ...

... and the second strand of the cDNA is synthesized. This resulting dual stranded DNA is digested with the Mme1 endonuclease, ... and subsequent capture with streptavidin beads after an RNase digestion step to remove single stranded RNA that has not ... A further prominent result suggested that enhancer-derived RNA (eRNA) are transcribed in a cell/tissue specific manner, ... The non-coding RNA were identified as antisense RNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), poorly understood classes of regulatory ...

... separating it into single DNA strands for later hybridization to the probe (see below), and destroys any residual RNA that may ... those restriction endonucleases are used to cut the DNA at a specific sequence. Kenneth and Noreen Murray introduced this ... A probe that hybridizes only to a single DNA segment that has not been cut by the restriction enzyme will produce a single band ... Southern blot is a method used for detection and quantification of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. This method is used ...

... either single- or double-stranded, from preparations of circular double-stranded DNA, since it requires a DNA end for activity ... Finally, RecBCD enzyme (perhaps the RecC subunit) recognizes a specific sequence in DNA, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3', known as Chi ( ... energy-dependent molecular motors that unwind DNA (or RNA in the case of other proteins). The RecB subunit in addition has a ... endonucleases, oxidative damage, and a host of other factors. The RecBCD enzyme is both a helicase that unwinds, or separates ...