The protein is secreted as a single glycosylated polypeptide, and cleavage of a signal sequence is required for its activity. ... IL3 is produced by T lymphocytes and T-cell lymphomas only after stimulation with antigens, mitogens, or chemical activators ... These factors, which include interleukin 2 (IL2), are secreted by lectin- or antigen-stimulated T cells, and have various ... doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74856-1_7. ISBN 978-3-642-74856-1. "Revised nomenclature for antigen-nonspecific T cell proliferation and ...

This allows single positive thymocytes to be exposed to a more complex set of self-antigens than is present in the cortex, and ... Single positive thymocytes remain in the medulla for 1-2 weeks, surveying self-antigens to test for autoreactivity. During this ... The single positive T cells upregulate the chemokine receptor CCR7, causing migration from the cortex to the medulla. At this ... The ability of T cells to recognize foreign antigens is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which is a surface protein able ...

... and large tumor antigen (LT) - are expressed first, from a single alternatively spliced messenger RNA strand. These proteins ... Unlike for SV40, the MCV small T antigen directly transforms rodent cells in vitro. The middle tumor antigen is used in model ... "Polyoma small and middle T antigens and SV40 small t antigen form stable complexes with protein phosphatase 2A". Cell. 60 (1): ... The large tumor antigen plays a key role in regulating the viral life cycle by binding to the viral origin of DNA replication ...

Geysen M, et al (1984). Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. ...

In one single institution study, a decision was made to reduce the radiation dose in high risk patients with HPV+OPC from 66 to ... The microenvironment is also important, with radiation increasing host immune response to viral antigens expressed on the ... Ideally a single modality approach is preferred, since triple modality is associated with much more toxicity, and a ... Radiation is commonly utilised in combination with chemotherapy, but also may be used as a single modality, especially in ...

Among these proteins, most contain only a single LU domain, though small numbers of exceptions are known; well-studied family ... The LU domain (Ly-6 antigen/uPAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain of the three-finger protein superfamily. This ... Other LU domain proteins are small globular proteins such as CD59 antigen, LYNX1, SLURP1, and SLURP2. Urokinase plasminogen ... such as the CD59 antigen, have well-studied functions in regulation of the immune system. PDB: 2J8B​; Leath KJ, Johnson S, ...

Like ordinary monoclonal antibodies, SMIPs are monospecific, meaning they recognize and attach to a single antigen target to ... SMIPs are single-chain proteins that comprise one binding region, one hinge region as a connector, and one effector domain. The ... They are largely built from parts of antibodies (immunoglobulins), and like them have a binding site for antigens that could be ... A monoclonal antibody targeting the desired antigen can be developed the classical way, using hybridoma technology. The scFv is ...

This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an antigen recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a patient with watermelon ... This protein unwinds double-stranded RNA, folds single-stranded RNA, and may play important roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, ...

Neural/glial antigen 2, or NG2, is a rat integral membrane proteoglycan found in the plasma membrane of many diverse cell types ... This single-pass transmembrane molecule may be plasma membrane-bound or secreted and associated with the extracellular matrix. ... Although NG2 is a single-pass transmembrane protein, it may also be released by proteolytic cleavage into the extracellular ... The entire protein is divided into three domains: a large extracellular domain (2,224 amino acids), a single transmembrane ...

A screen of single nucleotide polymorphic genetic changes within the REST binding regions of DNA sequences revealed a ... The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTPmu (MAM) domain, one Ig-like domain and four fibronectin type III-like ... This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and ...

... termed peripheral tissue antigens or tissue restricted antigens) thus helping to detect and remove T cells that react with ... Substantial progress has been made in recent years owing to the rapid development of single cell sequencing methods, such as ... The expression of peripheral antigens in mimetic cells strongly implies a function in establishing central immune tolerance. ... AIRE induces the expression of many antigens specific to differentiated cells not found in the thymus ( ...

This phenomenon enables generation of self-antigens, so called tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs), which are in the body ... "Population and single-cell genomics reveal the Aire dependency, relief from Polycomb silencing, and distribution of self- ... These antigens are represented for example by insulin from the pancreas or defensins from the gastrointestinal tract. Antigen- ... "Autoreactive thymic B cells are efficient antigen-presenting cells of cognate self-antigens for T cell negative selection". ...

... where it is highly convenient to express the antigen-binding domain as a single peptide. As an alternative, scFv can be created ... A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is not actually a fragment of an antibody, but instead is a fusion protein of the ... Divalent (or bivalent) single-chain variable fragments (di-scFvs, bi-scFvs) can be engineered by linking two scFvs. This can be ... Single-chain variable fragments lack the constant Fc region found in complete antibody molecules, and, thus, the common binding ...

In typical T-cell recognition, an antigen is taken up by an antigen-presenting cell, processed, expressed on the cell surface ... The toxin in S. aureus infections is TSS Toxin-1, or TSST-1. The TSST-1 is secreted as a single polypeptide chain. The gene ... The toxin causes the non-specific binding of MHC II, on professional antigen presenting cells, with T-cell receptors, on T ... Superantigens do not require processing by antigen-presenting cells but instead, interact directly with the invariant region[ ...

The allele for O blood type, however, is a mutated version of the allele for the A-antigen, with a single base pair change due ... The alleles for the A-antigen and B-antigen are co-dominant, thus they are both phenotypically expressed if both are present. ... inactive and therefore the O allele is expressed phenotypically in homozygous OO individuals as the lack of any blood antigen. ...

To achieve maximum purity in a single step, affinity purification can be performed, using the antigen to provide specificity ... In this method, the antigen used to generate the antibody is covalently attached to an agarose support. If the antigen is a ... Several monoclonal antibody technologies have been developed recently, such as phage display, single B cell culture, single ... which involves identifying antigen-specific plasma/plasmablast cells that produce antibodies specific to an antigen of interest ...

Spring FA, Gardner B, Anstee DJ (1992). "Evidence that the antigens of the Yt blood group system are located on human ... In mammals, acetylcholinesterase is encoded by a single AChE gene while some invertebrates have multiple acetylcholinesterase ... where different forms constitute the Yt blood group antigens. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms, which ...

After the success of the Hib vaccine, Robbins and Schneerson continued their work on single antigens and conjugate vaccines. ... Robbins and Schneerson believed that they could induce immunity by injecting a single antigen-the polysaccharide (sugar) from ... conjugate in which the polysaccharide capsule of the Hib bacterium is chemically bound to a protein antigen. Both groups ...

... single-stranded nucleic acid called RNA. Unusually for a virus, though, the influenza type A virus genome is not a single piece ... There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17N10 was isolated from ... Influenza viruses A and B are estimated to have diverged from a single ancestor around 4,000 years ago, while the ancestor of ... Furthermore, they are also the antigen proteins to which a host's antibodies can bind and trigger an immune response. Influenza ...

De Pasquale, P. Paterlini, D. Quaglino : Immunochemical demonstration of different antigens in single cells in paraffin- ... Bréchot C, Minami M, De Mitri S, Paterlini P. Hepatitis B and C viruses in Hepatitis B Surface antigen negative hepatocellular ... Paterlini P. and Bréchot C., Hepatitis B Virus and Primary Livcer Cancer in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive and -Negative ... Enrichment and genetic analyses of fetal cells circulating in the maternal blood by the ISET technique and single cell ...

After the success of the Hib vaccine, Schneerson and Robbins continued their work on single antigens and conjugate vaccines. ... Schneerson and Robbins believed that they could induce immunity by injecting a single antigen-the polysaccharide (sugar) from ...

The intestinal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and serves two crucial functions. First, it acts as a barrier ... such as antigens) from leaving the intestine and migrating to the body more widely. In a healthy human intestine, small ... preventing the entry of harmful substances such as foreign antigens, toxins and microorganisms. Second, it acts as a selective ...

Antigen-naive T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen ... The single unifying theme for all memory T cell subtypes is that they are long-lived and can quickly expand to large numbers of ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help. Antigen ... These self-antigens are expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells on MHC molecules, which reside on the surface of cortical ...

"Striking similarities between antigen receptor J pieces and sequence in the second chain of the murine CD8 antigen". Nature. ... A microscopic method for measuring rotational diffusion of membrane proteins on the surface of a single cell". FEBS Lett. 132 ( ... A microscopic method for measuring rotational diffusion of membrane proteins on the surface of a single cell". FEBS Lett. 132 ( ...

Lacy, PE (1979). "Prolongation of islet allograft survival following in vitro culture (24 degrees C) and a single injects of ... The islet resident macrophage was first identified in 1979 as an antigen-presenting cell (APC), which expresses major ... Calderon, B (2014). "The Central Role of Antigen Presentation in Islets of Langerhans in Autoimmune Diabetes". Curr Opin ... Hume, DA (1984). "The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: ...

At the same time it has to ignore any self-antigen and tolerate harmless antigens such as food antigens. The signal ... The TCR is similar to a half-antibody consisting of a single heavy and single light chain, except the heavy chain is without ... The antigen sensitivity is higher in antigen-experienced T cells than in naive T cells. Naive T cells pass through the process ... T cells move on quickly from antigens that do not trigger responses, rapidly scanning pMHC on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) ...

... antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD160 gene. CD160 is a 27 kDa glycoprotein which was initially ... glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of 181 amino acids with a single Ig-like domain weakly homologous to KIR2DL4 ... CD160+Antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD160 genome location and CD160 ...

E. salmonis has single-celled conidia that are smaller than those of the otherwise morphologically the similar species, E. ... Uncontrolled asthmatics may manifest hypersensitivity to E. pisciphila antigens. This fungus is pathogenic to an array of ...

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a protein involved in post-replication MMR. It has been shown that PCNA binds to ... 2000). "Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the hMSH3 gene and sporadic colon cancer with microsatellite ... 2001). "Functional interaction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen with MSH2-MSH6 and MSH2-MSH3 complexes". J. Biol. Chem. ... 2002). "A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. ...

Single species (mouse/mouse or rat/rat) quadromas, by contrast, produce up to ten different kinds of antibody, most of which ... A trifunctional antibody is a monoclonal antibody with binding sites for two different antigens, typically CD3 and a tumor ... Implications for a single-step purification of bispecific antibodies". Journal of Immunology. 155 (1): 219-25. doi:10.4049/ ... At first, mouse hybridoma cells whose monoclonal antibodies target one of the desired antigens are produced. Independently, rat ...