The term Shiga-like toxins is another antiquated term which arose prior to the understanding that Shiga and Shiga-like toxins ... 2017), "Chapter 3: Structure of Shiga toxins and other AB5 toxins", Shiga toxins: A Review of Structure, Mechanism, and ... This is because Shiga toxin is usually taken in with contaminated food or water. The bacterial Shiga toxin can be used for ... Shortly after, the verotoxin was referred to as Shiga-like toxin because of its similarities to Shiga toxin. It has been ...

Herold S; Karch H; Schmidt H (2004). "Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages-genomes in motion". International Journal of Medical ... causes minor dysentery because of its Shiga toxin, but other species may also be dysentery agents. S. dysenteriae releases an ... 294 (2-3): 115-121. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.06.023. PMID 15493821. Shigella dysenteriae at the NCBI Taxonomy Browser Type ... Addition of Kovac's reagent to the SIM tube following growth typically indicates no indole formation (serotypes 2, 7, and 8 ...

"Non-O157:H7 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli". meatpoultryfoundation.or. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. "Listeria ... A list of Foundation completed research projects on the subjects of: E.coli O157:H7 Non O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli ... Retrieved December 2, 2015. Chapman, Art (July 9, 1998). "Council aims to polish hot dog's image". Fort Worth Star-Telegram via ... Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. "AMI Foundation". AMI Foundation. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023 ...

Gastroenteritis Shiga-like toxin Shiga toxin Traveler's diarrhea "General Information, Shigella - Shigellosis , CDC". www.cdc. ... p. 2. ISBN 978-9241593304. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017. "Factsheet about ... Niyogi, SK (April 2005). "Shigellosis". Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea). 43 (2): 133-43. PMID 15880088. "Symptoms of ... direct invasion of epithelial cells in the large intestine and production of enterotoxin 1 and enterotoxin 2. Unlike other ...

His team has validated the B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB) as a "pilot" for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to precise ... Shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells. Nature 450: 670-675. Comments: Nat Rev Mol Cell ... Mechanism of Shiga toxin clustering on membranes. ACS Nano 11: 314-324 (& co-first authors, # authors from Johannes group, * ... Shiga toxin induces lipid compression: a mechanism for generating membrane curvature. Nano Lett 19: 7365-7369 Johannes L, ...

2017), "Structure of Shiga Toxins and Other AB5 Toxins", Shiga toxins: A Review of Structure, Mechanism, and Detection, ... "Shiga-like toxin" (SLT) or "verotoxin" is that they should all be referred to as (versions of) Shiga toxin, as the difference ... The toxins bind to cell-surface glycolipid receptor Gb3, which causes the cell to take the toxin in via endocytosis. The Shiga ... Shiga toxins are a major virulence factor of EHEC. The toxins interact with intestinal epithelium and can cause systematic ...

... and nonproducing strains may become infected and produce shiga-like toxins after incubation with shiga toxin positive strains. ... Strains of E. coli that express Shiga and Shiga-like toxins gained that ability via infection with a prophage containing the ... such as the use of anti-induction strategies to prevent toxin production and the use of anti-Shiga toxin antibodies, have also ... Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin-producing ...

The silencing of c20orf144 in cells exposed to Shiga toxin resulted in metabolic activity that was greater than or equal to 90 ... "Characterization of cellular pathways and potency of Shiga toxin on endothelial cells" (PDF). University of Cincinnati. ... As shown in Table 2, marsupials are the most distantly related organisms to humans in which proteins encoded by human c20orf144 ... 442 (1-2): 1-10. doi:10.1007/s11010-017-3187-6. PMID 28918577. S2CID 254795241. Retrieved 15 December 2022. MacMaster, Kayleigh ...

"Escherichia coli Harboring Shiga Toxin 2 Gene Variants: Frequency and Association with Clinical Symptoms". The Journal of ... In an interview with The Guardian on May 20, 2020, Ammon emphasised that there was likely to be a second wave of SARS-CoV-2 ... 2): 176-182. doi:10.1007/s00103-009-0759-y. ISSN 1437-1588. PMID 19194679. S2CID 27330174. A, Amato-Gauci; A, Ammon (2008-06-26 ...

These strains of E. coli are human pathogenic verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), also noted as Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC ... Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Cattle and Their Products". Journal of Dairy Science. 88 (2): 450 ... The common feature of VTEC is the ability to produce a wide range of toxins highly toxic to Vero cells and they are ... Paton, Adrienne W.; Morona, Renato; Paton, James C. (March 2000). "A new biological agent for treatment of Shiga toxigenic ...

"Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Costco Rotisserie Chicken Salad". ... Retrieved 2 December 2015. "E. Coli Scare Spreads To Walmart, Starbucks, Target". msn.com. Retrieved 2015-12-02. "E. coli ...

"Differentiation between structurally homologous Shiga 1 and Shiga 2 toxins by using synthetic glycoconjugates". Angew Chem Int ... 2004 (2): 341-3. doi:10.1055/s-2003-44978. van Well, R.M.; Kartha, K.P.R.; Field, R.A. (2005). "Iodine Promoted Glycosylation ... 19 (9): 731-2. doi:10.1002/anie.198007311. Kale RR, McGannon CM, Fuller-Schaefer C, Hatch DM, Flagler MJ, Gamage SD, Weiss AA, ... 320 (1-2): 61-69. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00146-9. Miquel, N.; Vignando, S.; Russo, G.; Lay, L. (2004). "Efficient Synthesis ...

... also called Shiga-like toxin). E. coli can produce stx1 and/or stx2 Shiga toxins, the latter being more dangerous. A ... A positive Shiga-toxin/EHEC test confirms a cause for STEC-HUS, and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (i.e., ≤5% of normal ADAMTS13 ... These Shiga toxins bind GB3 receptors, globotriaosylceramide, which are present in renal tissue more than any other tissue and ... The Shiga-toxin-activated endothelial cells then become thrombogenic (clot-producing) by a mechanism that is not fully ...

The disease agent was Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7. The most recent illness started on December 12, 2017; the PHA ... H7 Shiga toxins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (19): 10325-9. Bibcode: ... "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Leafy Greens (Final Update)", ... Bittman, Mark (2 April 2010). "The Charms of the Loser Lettuces". New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2018. Bittman, Mark (2 ...

"Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill in Washington and ... "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill in Washington and ... "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill in Washington and ... "Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 Infections Linked to Chipotle Mexican Grill in Washington and ...

This group excludes bacterial AB5 toxins such as Shiga toxin, as the carbohydrate-binding ability evolved separately and these ... Examples include: Abrin Beetin Ricin Saporin Shiga toxin A Spiroplasma toxin Trichosanthin Viscumin (European mistletoe) ... H7 and of Shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes. RNA N-glycosidase activity of the toxins". European Journal of Biochemistry. 171 ... Members of the family include shiga toxins, and type I (e.g. trichosanthin and luffin) and type II (e.g. ricin, agglutinin, and ...

"Functional analysis of the Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin type II variant binding subunits by using site-directed mutagenesis ... 172 (2): 653-8. doi:10.1128/jb.172.2.653-658.1990. PMC 208490. PMID 2404947. Novakova, A.; Hubka, V.; Saiz-Jimenez, C.; Kolarik ...

Maletzki, C.; Linnebacher, M.; Savai, R.; Hobohm, U. (2013). "Mistletoe lectin has a shiga toxin-like structure and should be ... 3 (2): 193-225. doi:10.1158/jcr.1918.193 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 ( ...

... which mediate Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2 cell entry". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 296: 100299. doi:10.1016/j.jbc. ... Shiga Toxin Binds Human Platelets Via Globotriaoslyceramide (Pk antigen) and a Novel Platelet Glycosphingolipid. Infect Immun ... Pk antigen is a receptor for Shiga toxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae and some strains of Escherichia coli, which may ... This test is performed on 2 vials of blood at two different temperatures: 4 °C and 37 °C (body temperature). A test is ...

Early endosome to Golgi trafficking of Shiga toxin requires the SNARE complex of STX6, STX16, VTI1A, and VAMP3 or VAMP4. Thus, ... 242 (2): 345-50. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7966. PMID 9446797. Ganley IG, Espinosa E, Pfeffer SR (January 2008). "A syntaxin 10- ...

January 2010). "Safety and pharmacokinetics of urtoxazumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, against Shiga-like toxin 2 in ... The drug is designed to bind to a toxin of this bacterium, so that it can be more easily broken down and eliminated from the ... healthy adults and in pediatric patients infected with Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli". Antimicrobial Agents and ...

Toxins of this type include cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, Shiga toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli. Once in the ... AB5 toxin) By domain architecture of the toxin (for example, polymorphic toxins) By the ability of the toxin to endure in ... An example is Shiga toxin. Other toxins act at elongation factor-2. In the case of the diphtheria toxin, EF2 is ADP-ribosylated ... Membrane-damaging toxins can be divided into two categories, the channel-forming toxins and toxins that function as enzymes ...

Olitsky, Peter K.; Kligler, I. J. (1920). "Toxins and Antitoxins of Bacillus Dysenteriæ Shiga". Journal of Experimental ... Devlin, R. K. (2 December 2020). What You Need to Know about the Flu. ABC-Clio. p. 14. ISBN 9781440870088. Lewis, Milton James ... 67 (2): 229-249. doi:10.1084/jem.67.2.229. PMC 2133557. PMID 19870716. Sabin, A. B.; Olitsky, P. K. (1938). "Variations in ... 67 (2): 201-228. doi:10.1084/jem.67.2.201. PMC 2133559. PMID 19870715. Sabin, Albert B.; Olitsky, Peter K. (1938). "Influence ...

Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli, and E. coli Expressing Intimin and Hemolysin". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition ... 96 (2): 133-158. doi:10.1007/s13594-015-0258-x. S2CID 83925224. Ulfman, Laurien H.; Leusen, Jeanette H. W.; Savelkoul, Huub F. ... 56 (2): M79-M82. doi:10.1093/gerona/56.2.m79. PMID 11213280. Caregaro, L.; Favaro, A.; Santonastaso, P.; Alberino, F.; Di ... 5 (2): 65-79. doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80028-7. PMID 12188088. Brinkworth, Grant D.; Buckley, Jonathan D.; Slavotinek, John P ...

Shiga toxin-producingE. coli (STEC), which includes EHEC; enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC); and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). ... Klebsiella are non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli ranging from 1-2 μm in length. They are facultative anaerobes with a capsule ...

These setbacks led Shiga to stop any further trials or production of a Shiga toxin-based vaccine. Shiga had done research on ... Shiga was able to discover the Shiga toxin that is produced by the organism. With this new discovery, Shiga attempted to make a ... as well as the Shiga toxin, which is produced by the bacterium. After the discovery of Shigella, Shiga worked with Paul Ehrlich ... Kiyoshi Shiga married Ichiko Shiga and in the following years had eight children. He faced many family hardships. Shiga lost ...

AB5 Toxins Biochemistry Cholera toxin Pertussis toxin Shiga toxin Subtilase Le Nours, J.; Paton, A. W.; Byres, E.; Troy, S.; ... Cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and shiga toxin all have their targets in the cytosol of the cell. After their B subunit binds ... Under the categorize-by-A rule, it is a Ptx-family toxin. Shiga toxin, also known as Stx, is a toxin that is produced by the ... Cholera toxin, shiga toxin, and SubAB toxin all have B subunits that are made up of five identical protein components, meaning ...

"Hemolytic uremic syndrome-associated Shiga toxins promote endothelial-cell secretion and impair ADAMTS13 cleavage of unusually ... 98 (1-2): 29-36. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(00)00448-2. PMID 11044605. S2CID 18150052. Kidd M, Hinoue T, Eick G, Lye KD, Mane SM, ... 2: 35. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-35. PMC 1087510. PMID 15833113. Lane SJ, Adcock IM, Richards D, Hawrylowicz C, Barnes PJ, Lee TH ... 4 (2): 107-122. doi:10.1385/BMM:4:2:107. S2CID 90318354. Zumerle S, Alimonti A (2020). "In and out from senescence". Nat Cell ...

Meanwhile, a virulent strain of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli undermines host cell survival by producing AB5 toxin to ... 20 (2): 281-4. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1166. PMID 8020977. Yang J, Nune M, Zong Y, Zhou L, Liu Q (Dec 2015). "Close and ... 15 (2): 364-75. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402276. PMID 18049481. Booth L, Roberts JL, Cash DR, Tavallai S, Jean S, Fidanza A, Cruz- ... 128 (2): 218-26. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03103.x. PMC 2767311. PMID 19740378. Corrigall VM, Bodman-Smith MD, Fife MS, ...

Shiga toxin secreted by enterohemorrhagic E. coli has been shown to be transcytosed into the intestinal lumen. From these ... "Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection stimulates Shiga toxin 1 macropinocytosis and transcytosis across intestinal ... 110 (1-2): 81-87. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(95)03519-d. PMID 7672455. S2CID 10960352. Sun, Y.; Hu, G.; Zhang, X.; Minshall, R. D. ( ... 52 (2): 140-7. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2011.10.003. PMID 22023990. Nikitas, G.; Deschamps, C.; Disson, O.; Niault, T.; Cossart, P ...

Alpha toxin Anthrax toxin Dinotoxin Cyanotoxin Diphtheria toxin Exotoxin Pertussis toxin Shiga toxin Shiga-like toxin K R ... Shiga toxins (Stxs), responsible for foodborne illnesses, are a classification of toxins produced by Shiga toxin-producing ... Toxin A and toxin B are two toxins produced by Clostridium difficile. Toxin A and toxin B are glycosyltransferases that cause ... The term shiga-like toxins was previously used to further distinguish the shiga toxins produced by E. coli, but nowadays, they ...

A prime example concerning the spread of exotoxins is the adaptive evolution of Shiga toxins in E. coli through horizontal gene ... "Characterization of a Shiga toxin-encoding temperate bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei". Infection and Immunity. 69 (12): 7588- ... The toxin α-amanitin is found in numerous, seemingly unrelated genera fungi such as Amanita, Lepiota, and Galerina. Two ... The whitefly Bemisia tabaci acquired a plant detoxification gene that neutralizes plant toxins. Gene transfer between plants ...

Grotiuz G, Sirok A, Gadea P, Varela G, Schelotto F (October 2006). "Shiga toxin 2-producing Acinetobacter haemolyticus ... https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-9989-2 Wang, Zou, Y.-L., Chen, H., & Lv, Y.-K. (2021). Nitrate removal performances of a new ... Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 44(2), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02451-0 Quinteira, S.; Grosso, F.; ...

"Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC): Update on outbreak in the EU (27 July 2011, 11:00)". ECDC. 27 July 2011. Archived from ... Fruth A, Prager R, Tietze E, Rabsch W, Fliger A (2015). "Molecular epidemiological view on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia ... European Food Safety Authority (2011). "Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O104:H4 2011 outbreaks in Europe: Taking stock". ... Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany: Shiga toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine ...

"Variability in tellurite resistance and the ter gene cluster among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from humans ... 158 (2): 105-111. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.10.007. ISSN 0923-2508. PMID 17317110. Portal: Biology v t e (Articles with short ... "2.A.109 The Tellurium Ion Resistance (TerC) Family". Transporter Classification Database. Retrieved 2016-02-26. Burian, J.; Tu ... 13 (2): 135-139. doi:10.1023/A:1009272122989. ISSN 0966-0844. PMID 11016400. S2CID 22672098. Kwon, Kwang-Chul; Cho, Myeon Haeng ...

"The CXCR4/CXCR7/SDF-1 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans and ... 2012: 16(2):123-130. Quinn K, Henriques M, Tabuchi A, Han B, Yang H, Cheng WE, Tole S, Yu H, Luo A, Charbonney E, Tullis E, ... 2012: 122(2): pp 759-776. Frieling M, Williams A, Al Shareef T, Kala G, Teh JC, Langlois V, Allen U, Hebert D, Robinson LA. " ...

Tests for toxin production can use mammalian cells in tissue culture, which are rapidly killed by shiga toxin. Although ... Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), specifically serotype O157:H7, have also been transmitted by flies, as well as direct ... "Importance of Culture Confirmation of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Infection as Illustrated by Outbreaks of ... "Recommendations for Diagnosis of Shiga Toxin--Producing Escherichia coli Infections by Clinical Laboratories". MMWR ...