Vesicular monoamine transporter 2
... synaptic cleft by simultaneously reversing the direction of transport through the primary plasma membrane transport proteins ... serotonin, and histamine-from cellular cytosol into synaptic vesicles. In nigrostriatal pathway and mesolimbic pathway dopamine ... SLC18A2 is an integral membrane protein that transports monoamines-particularly neurotransmitters such as dopamine, ... The solute carrier family 18 member 2 (SLC18A2) also known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a protein that in ...
Monoamine releasing agent
... cascade via protein kinases that results in the phosphorylation of monoamine transporters located at the plasma membrane (i.e ... Serotonin-norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) Serotonin-dopamine releasing agent (SDRA) Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine ... these transporters transport monoamines in reverse (i.e., they move monoamines from the neuronal cytoplasm into the synaptic ... They may enter the presynaptic neuron primarily via plasma membrane transporters, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT), ...
Monoamine transporter
... s (MATs) are proteins that function as integral plasma-membrane transporters to regulate concentrations of ... serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine). MATs are located just outside the synaptic cleft (peri-synaptically), transporting ... All MATs contain sites for protein kinase phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+/ ... The ion concentration gradient generated by the plasma membrane Na+/K+ ATPase provides the driving force for the transporter- ...
SLC22A3
The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. OCT3 is widely ... Known substrates for transport include: histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and MPP+. Capacity for transport and ... 2007). "The organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) show ... Transport activity of OCT3 is inhibited by recreational and pharmaceutical drugs, including MDMA, phencyclidine (PCP), MK-801, ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)
... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.562.374.875 - serotonin plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.625.139 - gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.562.374.781 - glutamate plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.625.186 - norepinephrine plasma membrane transport proteins ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543)
... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.562.374.875 - serotonin plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.625.139 - gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... gaba plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.562.374.781 - glutamate plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH ... glycine plasma membrane transport proteins MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.625.186 - norepinephrine plasma membrane transport proteins ...
Plasma membrane monoamine transporter
This protein is an integral membrane protein that transports the monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, ... The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a low-affinity monoamine transporter protein which in humans is encoded by ... Membrane proteins, Neurotransmitter transporters, Solute carrier family, Molecular neuroscience, All stub articles, Membrane ... Dahlin A, Xia L, Kong W, Hevner R, Wang J (May 2007). "Expression and immunolocalization of the plasma membrane monoamine ...
Membrane transport protein
... and cause an internal translocation so that the opening in the protein now faces the other side of the plasma membrane. The ... Serotonin transporter (SERT) Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) 2.B: Nonribosomally ... A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, ... Unlike channel proteins which only transport substances through membranes passively, carrier proteins can transport ions and ...
Alpha cell
This protein channel allows zinc to cross the plasma membrane into the cell. When ZnT8 is under-expressed, there is a marked ... Serotonin inhibits the secretion of glucagon through its receptors on the plasma membrane of alpha cells. Alpha cells have 5- ... Zinc is transported into both alpha and beta cells by the zinc transporter ZnT8. ... a membrane bound protein that when activated causes a hyperpolarization of the membrane. This hyperpolarization causes voltage ...
Adderall
... or serotonin transporter) to either stop transporting monoamines altogether (via transporter internalization) or transport ... Approximately 20% of amphetamine circulating in the bloodstream is bound to plasma proteins. Following absorption, amphetamine ... Despite the challenges in determining synaptic vesicle pH, the proton gradient across the vesicle membrane is of fundamental ... Transcription factors are proteins that increase or decrease the expression of specific genes. In simpler terms, this necessary ...
Neurotransmitter sodium symporter
High affinity transport proteins found in the plasma membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals and glial cells are responsible ... Mutations in TnaT-D268S, in wild type TnaT and in a serotonin transporter (SERT; 2.A.22.1.1) provided direct evidence for the ... Protein domains, Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transport proteins, Integral membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, ... SLC6A20 APC superfamily Membrane transport proteins Rudnick, G; Krämer, R; Blakely, RD; Murphy, DL; Verrey, F (January 2014). " ...
Norepinephrine transporter
They are found closer to the plasma membrane of the cell. This requires norepinephrine to diffuse from the site it is released ... The genetic defect in the NET protein results in decreased NET activity that could account for abnormally high NE plasma levels ... The transport of norepinephrine back into presynaptic cell is made possible by the cotransport with Na+ and Cl−. The sequential ... Cocaine is a nonselective, reuptake inhibitor of the norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters. This thwarts the ...
Methamphetamine
In addition to its effect on the plasma membrane monoamine transporters, methamphetamine inhibits synaptic vesicle function by ... and serotonin transporter (SERT). When methamphetamine binds to TAAR1, it triggers transporter phosphorylation via protein ... production and either completely inhibits or reverses the transport direction of the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine ... Transcription factors are proteins that increase or decrease the expression of specific genes. In simpler terms, this necessary ...
Melatonin as a medication and supplement
The membrane transport proteins that move melatonin across a membrane include, but are not limited to, glucose transporters, ... The plasma protein binding of melatonin is approximately 60%. It is mainly bound to albumin, α1-acid glycoprotein, and high- ... Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a substituted tryptamine and a derivative of serotonin (5- ... proteins, and cellular membranes. Melatonin has been described as a broadly protective, readily available, and orally self- ...
Potassium
The ion transport system moves potassium across the cell membrane using two mechanisms. One is active and pumps sodium out of, ... Plasma potassium is normally kept at 3.5 to 5.5 millimoles (mmol) [or milliequivalents (mEq)] per liter by multiple mechanisms ... ISBN 978-0-07-110595-8. Vašák, Milan; Schnabl, Joachim (2016). "Chapter 8. Sodium and Potassium Ions in Proteins and Enzyme ... serotonin, and dopamine levels, and through them, sleep/ wake balance, and spontaneous activity. Potassium homeostasis denotes ...
Serotonin transporter
... in a process known as serotonin reuptake. This transport of serotonin by the SERT protein terminates the action of serotonin ... SERT spans the plasma membrane 12 times. It belongs to the NE, DA, SERT monoamine transporter family. Transporters are ... SERT is a type of monoamine transporter protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synaptic cleft back to ... "SLC6A4 Gene (Protein Coding)". "SLC6A4 - Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter - Homo sapiens (Human) - SLC6A4 gene & protein ...
Reuptake
Because neurotransmitters are too large and hydrophilic to diffuse through the membrane, specific transport proteins are ... Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an ... examined reuptake inhibitor selectivity among the rat serotonin reuptake protein (SERT) expressed in human embryonic kidney ... transporter proteins use transmembrane ion gradients and electrical potential to transport neurotransmitter across the membrane ...
S100A10
It is involved in the trafficking of proteins to the plasma membrane and can be expressed on the cell surface as a receptor. ... P11's involvement with the cytoskeleton may aid the transport of other proteins throughout the cell and to the cell membrane. ... Thus, given protein p11's interaction with serotonin 5-HT receptors and the increasing evidence of the protein's correlation to ... P11 is an integral part of cellular structural scaffolding that interacts with plasma membrane proteins through its association ...
Granule (cell biology)
... serotonin, or membrane expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) or CD63 by flow cytometry. Other platelet ... Other soluble proteins and granule parts then bud off from the immature granule in a clathrin-coated transport vesicle. The ... α-Granule exocytosis is evaluated primarily by plasma membrane expression of P-selectin (CD62P) by flow cytometry or estimation ... They contain mainly proteins, both membrane-associated receptors (for example, αIIbβ3 and P-selectin) and soluble cargo (for ...
TAAR1
... must enter the presynaptic neuron through a membrane transport protein or be able to diffuse across the presynaptic membrane in ... indicating that trace amine induced LLA does not act on receptors found on the plasma membrane but requires their transport to ... In dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurons, the primary membrane transporters are DAT, NET, and SERT respectively. ... In model cell systems, hTAAR1 has extremely poor membrane expression. A method to induce hTAAR1 membrane expression has been ...
Non-coding RNA
SRP recognizes and transports specific nascent proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in ... Kishore S, Stamm S (January 2006). "The snoRNA HBII-52 regulates alternative splicing of the serotonin receptor 2C". Science. ... expressed in mammalian testes and somatic cells form RNA-protein complexes with Piwi proteins. These piRNA complexes (piRCs) ... As with proteins, mutations or imbalances in the ncRNA repertoire within the body can cause a variety of diseases. Many ncRNAs ...
Dopamine transporter
"Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1". ... transport, and degradation. The gene for DAT, known as DAT1, is located on chromosome 5p15. The protein encoding region of the ... In contrast, the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) and human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) do not contain zinc binding ... Apart from these innate protein-protein interactions, recent studies demonstrated that viral proteins such as HIV-1 Tat protein ...
Amphetamine
Approximately 20% of amphetamine circulating in the bloodstream is bound to plasma proteins. Following absorption, amphetamine ... Although the monoamine transport cycle has been resolved in considerable detail, kinetic knowledge on the molecular actions of ... Amphetamine affects serotonin via VMAT2 and, like norepinephrine, is thought to phosphorylate SERT via TAAR1. Like dopamine, ... Amphetamine can enter the presynaptic neuron either through DAT or by diffusing across the neuronal membrane directly. As a ...
Serotonin
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Serotonin. 5-Hydroxytryptamine MS Spectrum Serotonin bound to proteins in the PDB ... The 5-HT receptors, the receptors for serotonin, are located on the cell membrane of nerve cells and other cell types in ... March 2010). "Patients with high-bone-mass phenotype owing to Lrp5-T253I mutation have low plasma levels of serotonin". Journal ... The PMAT also suggestively transports dopamine and norepinephrine, albeit at Km values even higher than that of 5-HT (330- ...
Cinnarizine
"Effects of calcium antagonists on serotonin-dependent aggregation and serotonin transport in platelets of patients with ... Cmax, the maximum level of the drug in the tested area (typically blood plasma), has been measured to be 275 +/- 36 ng/mL, ... "Lipophilic cationic drugs increase the permeability of lysosomal membranes in a cell culture system". Journal of Cellular ... "Effects of the calcium antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine on vascular and cardiac contractile protein function". The ...
25-NB
Nichols DE (2012). "Structure-activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT2A agonists". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane ... plasma protein binding, and detectability in standard urine screening approaches studied by means of hyphenated mass ... Transport and Signaling. 1 (5): 559-579. doi:10.1002/wmts.42. Leth-Petersen S, Petersen IN, Jensen AA, Bundgaard C, Bæk M, ... They act as selective agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The 25-NB family is unique relative to other classes of ...
Second messenger system
Active G-protein open up calcium channels to let calcium ions enter the plasma membrane. The other product of phospholipase C, ... transporting Ca2+, another second messenger, into the cytoplasm. Ca2+ ultimately binds to many proteins, activating a cascade ... and serotonin. Because peptide hormones and neurotransmitters typically are biochemically hydrophilic molecules, these first ... from the plasma membrane into the intermembrane space where they can reach and regulate membrane-associated effector proteins. ...
Cocaine
It also functions on the binding sites to the dopamine and serotonin sodium dependent transport area as targets as separate ... One transport protein or many?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 239: 108283. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108283. PMID 36162727 ... Cocaine has a short elimination half life of 0.7-1.5 hours and is extensively metabolized by plasma esterases and also by liver ... The juices are absorbed slowly by the mucous membrane of the inner cheek and by the gastrointestinal tract when swallowed. ...
Dibenzepin
"Initial serotonin transport into viable platelets and imipramine binding to platelet membranes". J Neural Transm (Vienna). 109 ... Its plasma protein binding is approximately 80%. Dibenzepin was first introduced, in Switzerland and West Germany, in 1965. It ... The drug has weak or negligible effects on serotonin and dopamine reuptake. Unlike many other TCAs, dibenzepin has no ... generally occurring before the threshold for serotonin syndrome is reached. Due to this risk, TCAs are rarely selected as the ...
Mast cell
The mast cell granule can now fuse with the plasma membrane. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion attachment protein ... Mast cells and enterochromaffin cells are the source of most serotonin in the stomach in rodents. Allergy Mast cell activation ... that is involved in activation of H+ transport and other associated changes of oxyntic cells. In anaphylaxis (a severe systemic ... Complement proteins can activate membrane receptors on mast cells to exert various functions as well. Mast cells express a high ...