... (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, ... doi:10.4161/rna.27177. PMC 3917982. PMID 24351723. Shigematsu M, Honda S, Kirino Y (2014). "Transfer RNA as a source of small ... Cloverleaf model of tRNA Kim Sung-Hou Kissing stem-loop mRNA non-coding RNA and introns Slippery sequence tmRNA Transfer RNA- ... Casas E, Cai G, Neill JD (2015). "Characterization of circulating transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments in cattle". Frontiers in ...

... (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule ... "Transfer-messenger RNA unfolds as it transits the ribosome". RNA. 11 (5): 668-73. doi:10.1261/rna.7269305. PMC 1370753. PMID ... "Semiautomated improvement of RNA alignments". RNA. 13 (11): 1850-9. doi:10.1261/rna.215407. PMC 2040093. PMID 17804647. Gur E, ... tmRNA was first designated 10Sa RNA in 1979, after a mixed "10S" electrophoretic fraction of Escherichia coli RNA was further ...

... (tRNA-like structures) are RNA sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they ... tRNA-like structures are required for RNA encapsulation and increase RNA stability. They also act as 3'-translational enhancers ... The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes. These tRNA-like structures are ... Matsuda D, Dreher TW (March 2004). "The tRNA-like structure of Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA is a 3'-translational enhancer". ...

The translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: transfer RNA, which recognizes the codon and ... A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m7G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has ... The primary RNA transcript of a gene is cleaved at the poly-A addition site, and 100-200 A's are added to the 3' end of the RNA ... Mature mRNA is then read by the ribosome, and, utilising amino acids carried by transfer RNA (tRNA), the ribosome creates the ...

Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well ... VegT RNA, Oskar RNA, ENOD40, p53 RNA and SR1 RNA. Bifunctional RNAs have recently been the subject of a special issue of ... "Sequence analysis of RNase MRP RNA reveals its origination from eukaryotic RNase P RNA". RNA. 12 (5): 699-706. doi:10.1261/rna. ... Ribosomal RNAs catalyse the translation of nucleotide sequences to protein. Another set of ncRNAs, Transfer RNAs, form an ' ...

Scheuerbrandt G (2006). "Exon skipping with U7 gene transfer". Acta Myol. 25 (1): 40-2. PMID 17039980. Jaeger S, Martin F, ... The U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP ... sequences of the sea urchin U7 small nuclear RNA suggest specific contacts between histone mRNA precursor and U7 RNA during RNA ... RNA. 12 (3): 396-409. doi:10.1261/rna.2270406. PMC 1383579. PMID 16495235. Madocsai C, Lim SR, Geib T, Lam BJ, Hertel KJ (2005 ...

These molecules were termed soluble (sRNA) and were later renamed transfer RNA (tRNA). Subsequent studies showed that (i) every ... Rich, A; RajBhandary, U L (June 1976). "Transfer RNA: Molecular Structure, Sequence, and Properties". Annual Review of ... Small RNA molecules termed microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are abundant in eukaryotic cells and exert post- ... The discovery of discontinuous genes and RNA splicing was entirely unexpected by the community of RNA biologists, and stands as ...

These adapter molecules are called transfer RNA (tRNA). Through a series of experiments involving E. coli and the T4 phage in ... RNA is usually responsible for making protein. The process of making RNA from DNA is called transcription. RNA uses a similar ... transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of RNA into protein. After DNA is transcribed into RNA, the molecule is known as ... CRAC integrates genomic locations and local coverage to enable splice junction or fusion RNA predictions directly from RNA-seq ...

... is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. An mRNA molecule transfers a ... The main types of RNA therapeutics are those based on messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), and ... For RNA decoy aptamers, the synthetic RNA aptamer resembles a native RNA molecule. As such, proteins(s) which bind to the ... RNA is synthesized from template DNA by RNA polymerase with messenger RNA (mRNA) serving as the intermediary biomolecule ...

Similarly, tRNA is suggested to have evolved from RNA molecules that began to catalyze amino acid transfer. RNA is a very ... Although RNA is fragile, some ancient RNAs may have evolved the ability to methylate other RNAs to protect them. If the RNA ... The RNA world hypothesis places RNA at center-stage when life originated. The RNA world hypothesis is supported by the ... doi:10.1261/rna.548807. PMC 1894930. PMID 17586759. Horning DP, Joyce GF (August 2016). "Amplification of RNA by an RNA ...

Green, Darrell; Fraser, William D.; Dalmay, Tamas (June 2016). "Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in the cancer transcriptome". ... small nuclear RNA (snRNA), also commonly referred to as U-RNA small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) small rDNA-derived RNA (srRNA) tRNA ... Small RNA (sRNA) are polymeric RNA molecules that are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and are usually non-coding. RNA ... including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA). Small RNA "is ...

Schimmel, PR; Söll, D (1979). "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: general features and recognition of transfer RNAs". Annual Review of ... Bacterial small RNA Schilling, D; Findeiss, S; Richter, AS; Taylor, JA; Gerischer, U (September 2010). "The small RNA Aar in ... In molecular biology, the Aar small RNA is a small RNA (sRNA) produced by species of Acinetobacter. It was first discovered in ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, RNA, Non-coding RNA). ...

Most of the RNA modifications are found on transfer-RNA and ribosomal-RNA, but also eukaryotic mRNA has been shown to be ... Transfer RNA or tRNA is the most abundantly modified type of RNA. Modifications in tRNA play crucial roles in maintaining ... RNA editing is used for stability and generation of protein variants. Viral RNAs are transcribed by a virus-encoded RNA- ... RNA editing may include the insertion, deletion, and base substitution of nucleotides within the RNA molecule. RNA editing is ...

Small RNAs mainly include 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA ( ... Also, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is part of the RNA interference pathway in many organisms. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the RNA ... According to the length of RNA chain, RNA includes small RNA and long RNA. Usually, small RNAs are shorter than 200 nt in ... Biology portal Biomolecular structure RNA virus DNA History of RNA Biology List of RNA Biologists RNA Society Macromolecule RNA ...

As a result, chemical alterations and/or delivery tools are needed to safely transfer siRNA to its site of action. There are ... Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA at ... Target messenger RNA (mRNA) is cleaved as a result by tiny interfering RNAs coupled to the RNA-induced silencing complex. ... complementary RNAs, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases) is cleaved by an endo-ribonuclease called Dicer. Dicer cuts the long ...

Instead, the energy released by the reaction involving RLuc is passed via resonance energy transfer to the fluorophore of RrGFP ... RNA. 16 (3): 585-97. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07621.x. PMC 2822923. PMID 20075165. Ward WW, Cormier MJ (September 1976 ... This process relies on a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, increasing the emitted photon number approximately ... Ward WW, Cormier MJ (February 1979). "An energy transfer protein in coelenterate bioluminescence. Characterization of the ...

Experimental works on the hypothesis led to the discovery of transfer RNA, a molecule that carry the key to genetic code. Most ... This was later to be found true by Robert Holley and the adaptor molecules were named transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The typed paper ... Gamow instantly came up with the RNA Tie Club to "solve the riddle of the RNA structure and to understand how it built proteins ... Each member received a woolen necktie with an embroidered helix on them, hence the name "RNA Tie Club". Members of the RNA Tie ...

... (plasmid transferred antisense RNA) is a family of non-coding RNAs.Homologs of PtaRNA1 can be found in the bacterial ... "A novel family of plasmid-transferred anti-sense ncRNAs". RNA Biol. 7 (2): 120-124. doi:10.4161/rna.7.2.11184. PMID 20220307. ... "FinO is an RNA chaperone that facilitates sense-antisense RNA interactions". EMBO J. 22 (23): 6346-6355. doi:10.1093/emboj/ ... In type I toxin-antitoxin systems, the gene expression of a toxic protein is regulated by a small non-coding RNA. Type I toxin- ...

Lowe TM, Eddy SR (March 1997). "tRNAscan-SE: a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence". ... 6A RNA motif AbiF RNA motif ARRPOF RNA motif CyVA-1 RNA motif List of RNA structure prediction software Altschul SF, Madden TL ... Homology search refers to the process of searching a sequence database for RNAs that are similar to already known RNA sequences ... Some types of RNAs have shared properties that algorithms can exploit. For example, tRNAscan-SE is specialized to finding tRNAs ...

Lowe TM, Eddy SR (March 1997). "tRNAscan-SE: a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence". ... November 2007). "Semiautomated improvement of RNA alignments". RNA. 13 (11): 1850-1859. doi:10.1261/rna.215407. PMC 2040093. ... U4 spliceosomal RNA and U6 spliceosomal RNA bind to each other forming part of the spliceosome and many small bacterial RNAs ... Notes RNA Non-coding RNA RNA structure Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software Comparison of software for molecular ...

There is a relationship between protein and RNAs. This relationship could suggest that there is a mutual transfer of energy or ... Silencing of RNA occurs when double stranded RNA molecules are processed by a series of enzymatic reactions, resulting in RNA ... the stability of RNA, and the translation of messenger RNA. Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions of RNA are ... RNA is also believed to have been the genetic material of the first life on Earth. The role of RNA in the origin of life is ...

U2555 modification can also intervene with transferring peptidyl-tRNA to puromycin. Furthermore, the chemical modification of ... The eukaryotic homolog of the 23S LSU rRNA is the 28S ribosomal RNA, with a region filled by the 5.8S ribosomal RNA. In general ... Page for 23S_ribosomal_RNA at Rfam Pseudobase entry for pseudoknot of the 23S ribosomal RNA (PKB00148) (Articles with short ... RNA. 21 (10): 1719-1730. doi:10.1261/rna.051144.115. PMC 4574749. PMID 26283689. Bocchetta, Maurizio; Xiong, Liqun; Mankin, ...

This RNA-binding protein then facilitates the transfer of cleaved siRNAs to the RISC complex. In C. elegans this initiation ... Ahlquist P (May 2002). "RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, viruses, and RNA silencing". Science. 296 (5571): 1270-3. Bibcode: ... "Double-stranded RNA binding may be a general plant RNA viral strategy to suppress RNA silencing". Journal of Virology. 80 (12 ... RNAi is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that is controlled by RISC and is initiated by short double-stranded RNA ...

manA RNAs are also often adjacent to transfer RNAs, and are likely transcribed with them. Although these genes are not thought ... Page for manA RNA at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... The manA RNA motif (also called manA) refers to a conserved RNA structure that was identified by bioinformatics. Instances of ... Almost all manA RNAs are positioned such that they might be in the 5' untranslated regions of protein-coding genes, and ...

"RNA methylation by Dnmt2 protects transfer RNAs against stress-induced cleavage". Genes & Development. 24 (15): 1590-5. doi: ... RNA. 14 (8): 1663-70. doi:10.1261/rna.970408. PMC 2491481. PMID 18567810. Schaefer M, Pollex T, Hanna K, Tuorto F, Meusburger M ...

"Structure of transfer RNA. Evidence for interaction between two non-adjacent nucleotide residues in tRNA from Escherichia coli ... of nucleosomes in a fraction of SV40 chromatin between the origin of replication and the region coding for the late leader RNA ...

Westhof E, Auffinger P (2005-09-09). "Transfer RNA Structure" (PDF). Encyclopedia of life sciences. Nature Pub. Group. ISBN ... It can be also seen in three-dimensional structures of transfer RNA, as T54•A58 and U8•A14. Watson-Crick base pairs are ... Genomic G4s have been suggested to regulate gene transcription and at the RNA level inhibit protein synthesis through steric ... Hoogsteen pairs also allows formation of secondary structures of single stranded DNA and RNA G-rich called G-quadruplexes (G4- ...

... transfer ribonucleate guanine N2-methyltransferase, transfer RNA guanine 2-methyltransferase, guanine-N2-methylase, and S- ... Krauss J, Stahelin M (1974). "N2-Guanine specific transfer RNA methyltransferase I from rat liver and leukemic rat spleen*". ... Krauss J, Stahelin M (1974). "N2-Guanine specific transfer RNA methyltransferase II from rat liver". Nucleic Acids Res. 1 (11 ... Bjork GR, Svensson I (1969). "Studies on microbial RNA. Fractionation of tRNA methylases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Eur. J ...

... transfer RNA (adenine-1) methyltransferase, 1-methyladenine transfer RNA methyltransferase, adenine-1-methylase, and S-adenosyl ... Bjork GR, Svensson I (1969). "Studies on microbial RNA. Fractionation of tRNA methylases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Eur. J ... Baguley BC, Staehelin M (1968). "The specificity of transfer ribonucleic acid methylases from rat liver". Biochemistry. 7 (1): ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The ...

... phosphate cyclase-adenylate intermediate illuminates nucleotide specificity and covalent nucleotidyl transfer". Structure. 18 ( ... In enzymology, a RNA-3′-phosphate cyclase (EC 6.5.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + RNA 3'-terminal- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is RNA-3'-phosphate:RNA ligase (cyclizing, AMP-forming). This enzyme is also called ... Filipowicz W, Konarska M, Gross HJ, Shatkin AJ (1983). "RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase activity and RNA ligation in HeLa ...