At least three primary classes of small RNA have currently been identified, namely: small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA ( ... including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA). RNA silencing ... or exogenously derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the degradation of complementary messenger RNA. Other classes of ... RNA-dependent RNA polymerases) or RDRs. Growing understanding of small RNA gene-silencing mechanisms involving dsRNA-mediated ...

"Antibody mediated in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs via cell-surface receptors". Nature Biotechnology. 23 (6): 709-717 ... A straightforward uptake, like for most small-molecule drugs, is hindered by the polyanionic backbone and the molecular size of ... mAb). Moreover, Nanobody-ON conjugates are intensively used for imaging purposes exploiting the small nanobody size to reduce ... To play out the small size of the Fab fragment, subcutaneous administration was investigated in mouse models leading to ...

Where DCL3 cleaves endogenous double-stranded RNAs into 24 nucleotide small interfering RNAs. The main difference to other DCLs ... producing single-stranded RNA roughly of 30 to 45 nucleotides in length, which are converted into dsRNA by RNA-dependent RNA ... November 2021). "Mechanism of siRNA production by a plant Dicer-RNA complex in dicing-competent conformation". Science. 374 ( ... which interacts with Pol V-transcribed long noncoding RNAs and recruits domains-rearranged methylase 2, facilitating DNA ...

Small interfering RNA-mediated down regulation of Sperm-Associated Antigen 9 inhibits cervix tumor growth. Garg M, Kanojia D, ...

Since 2014 Mill has established a cilia-focussed programme that uses Small interfering RNA screening. She works with clinical ...

"Noninvasive Imaging of Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Systemic Delivery of Small-Interfering RNA to the Liver". Molecular Therapy ... Lipid nanoparticles are an extension of earlier RNA transfection methods such as cationic liposomes. Such systems are needed to ...

"Hairpin RNA induces secondary small interfering RNA synthesis and silencing in trans in fission yeast". EMBO Reports. 11 (2): ... He has provided insight into how transcription and resulting non-coding RNA might influence the assembly of specialised CENP-A ... Ard, Ryan; Tong, Pin; Allshire, Robin C (2014). "Long non-coding RNA-mediated transcriptional interference of a permease gene ... He has investigated how RNA interference (RNAi) mediates heterochromatin formation and shown that splicing factors contribute ...

"Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin". Virology Journal. ... The L RNA segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface glycoproteins (Gc ... which are an order of enveloped negative-stranded RNA viruses with a genome split into three parts-Small (S), Middle (M) and ... Bilk, S.; Schulze, C.; Fischer, M.; Beer, M.; Hlinak, A.; Hoffmann, B. (2012). "Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA ...

Small interfering RNAs can modulate transcriptional gene expression via epigenetic modulation of targeted promoters. Sometimes ... A smaller quantity of sperm RNA is transmitted from the father, but there is recent evidence that this epigenetic information ... "Genomics maps for small non-coding RNA's and their targets in microbial genomes". Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. ... sRNAs are small (50-250 nucleotides), highly structured, non-coding RNA fragments found in bacteria. They control gene ...

Identifying the different strands is also important in understanding small interfering RNAs, or siRNA. Sense (molecular biology ... and the removal of introns from the initial RNA transcript (RNA splicing). The end product is known as a mature mRNA. ... The antisense strand is thus responsible for the RNA that is later translated to protein, while the sense strand possesses a ... Most eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo additional editing prior to being translated for protein synthesis. This process ...

For example, the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism of small interfering RNAs derived from L1 sequences can cause suppression of ... Yang N, Kazazian HH (September 2006). "L1 retrotransposition is suppressed by endogenously encoded small interfering RNAs in ... Luan DD, Korman MH, Jakubczak JL, Eickbush TH (February 1993). "Reverse transcription of R2Bm RNA is primed by a nick at the ... The functional domains present within ORF1 vary greatly among LINEs, but often exhibit RNA/DNA binding activity. ORF2 is ...

Yang N, Kazazian HH (September 2006). "L1 retrotransposition is suppressed by endogenously encoded small interfering RNAs in ... they are transcribed from DNA to RNA, and the RNA produced is then reverse transcribed to DNA. This copied DNA is then inserted ... TEs also serve to generate repeating sequences that can form dsRNA to act as a substrate for the action of ADAR in RNA editing ... A possible theory for this is that TEs might interfere with the transcription pausing or the first-intro splicing. Also as ...

Dykxhoorn, DM.; Lieberman, J. (2006). "Running interference: prospects and obstacles to using small interfering RNAs as small ... This treatment utilized liposome-based beta-7 integrin-targeted, stabilized nanoparticles entrapping short interfering RNAs ( ... small molecules, or synthetic oligonucleotides. It may also be mediated post-transcriptionally through RNA interference. An ... Synthetic polyamides are a set of small molecules that form specific hydrogen bonds to the minor groove of DNA. They can exert ...

Alongside mRNA, Whitehead has studied small interfering RNA, which can be used to control gene expression. In general, mRNA ... She is interested in the development of nanoparticle materials to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) to specific cells. Targeted mRNA ... Langer on RNA interference therapeutics. Whitehead's research considers the development of drug delivery systems for gene ...

Zhao XF, Fjose A, Larsen N, Helvik JV, Drivenes Ø (May 2008). "Treatment with small interfering RNA affects the microRNA ... "Transcriptome-wide analysis of small RNA expression in early zebrafish development". RNA. 18 (5): 915-29. doi:10.1261/rna. ... RNA. 15 (12): 2351-63. doi:10.1261/rna.1882009. PMC 2779678. PMID 19854872. Takeda Y, Mishima Y, Fujiwara T, Sakamoto H, Inoue ... In molecular biology mir-430 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other ...

Wu L, Mao L, Qi Y (October 2012). "Roles of dicer-like and argonaute proteins in TAS-derived small interfering RNA-triggered ... Trans-acting siRNA (abbreviated "ta-siRNA" or "tasiRNA") are a class of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that repress gene ... Heisel SE, Zhang Y, Allen E, Guo L, Reynolds TL, Yang X, Kovalic D, Roberts JK (2008). "Characterization of unique small RNA ... TAS3 trans-acting short-interfering RNA targeting auxin response factors ("tasiR-ARF") is an example of a ta-siRNA that has ...

Small interfering RNA VIRsiRNAdb Paddison PJ, Caudy AA, Bernstein E, Hannon GJ, Conklin DS (April 2002). "Short hairpin RNAs ( ... A short hairpin RNA or small hairpin RNA (shRNA/Hairpin Vector) is an artificial RNA molecule with a tight hairpin turn that ... Brummelkamp TR, Bernards R, Agami R (April 2002). "A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells ... Xiang S, Fruehauf J, Li CJ (June 2006). "Short hairpin RNA-expressing bacteria elicit RNA interference in mammals". Nature ...

"Auxin regulation of the microRNA390-dependent transacting small interfering RNA pathway in Arabidopsis lateral root development ... "High-throughput sequencing of RNA silencing-associated small RNAs in olive (Olea europaea L.)". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27916. ... Takeda A, Iwasaki S, Watanabe T, Utsumi M, Watanabe Y (April 2008). "The mechanism selecting the guide strand from small RNA ... Axtell MJ, Snyder JA, Bartel DP (June 2007). "Common functions for diverse small RNAs of land plants". The Plant Cell. 19 (6): ...

The inactivation of Twist by small interfering RNA or chemotherapeutic approach has been demonstrated in vitro. Moreover, ... Zhuo WL, Wang Y, Zhuo XL, Zhang YS, Chen ZT (May 2008). "Short interfering RNA directed against TWIST, a novel zinc finger ...

A knockout model using small interfering RNA showed that knockout of HOXC6 was associated with apoptosis. Additionally, the ...

The discovery of small interfering RNAs (the specificity determinant in RNA-mediated gene silencing) also utilized virus- ... These small fragments, which include small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), are approximately 21-23 nucleotides ... "Clearance of replicating hepatitis C virus replicon RNAs in cell culture by small interfering RNAs". Proceedings of the ... Giladi H, Ketzinel-Gilad M, Rivkin L, Felig Y, Nussbaum O, Galun E (November 2003). "Small interfering RNA inhibits hepatitis B ...

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can induce a selective degradation of the mRNA of the protein of interest. Infusion of siRNA ... Another strategy for interfering with CREB function is the use of a dominant negative transgenic strategy. In this strategy, a ... The resulting transgenic protein was engineered to interfere with the normal function of CREB by competing with wild type (non- ... To regulate when the dominant negative CREB fragment interfered with normal CREB function, the mutant DNA was used to generate ...

Park C, Lee I, Kang WK (2007). "Influence of small interfering RNA corresponding to ets homologous factor on senescence- ...

Collins CS, Hong J, Sapinoso L, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Micklash K, Schultz PG, Hampton GM (March 2006). "A small interfering RNA screen ... Collins CS, Hong J, Sapinoso L, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Micklash K, Schultz PG, Hampton GM (March 2006). "A small interfering RNA screen ... "An RNA interference-based screen identifies MAP4K4/NIK as a negative regulator of PPARgamma, adipogenesis, and insulin- ...

2011). "Knockdown Of The Tachykinin Neurokinin 1 Receptor By Intrathecal Administration Of Small Interfering RNA In Rats". ... "A novel tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist prevents motility-stimulating effects of neurokinin A in small intestine". Br J ...

"Genome-scale microRNA and small interfering RNA screens identify small RNA modulators of TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway". ... In molecular biology mir-193 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other ...

These classifiers use a small interfering RNA, which targets the repressor and activator in the Lac operon. This holds ... Recently, it has been discovered that small RNA can trigger specific gene silencing in human cells. The RNAi reaction enables a ... Wilda M, Fuchs U, Wössmann W, Borkhardt A (August 2002). "Killing of leukemic cells with a BCR/ABL fusion gene by RNA ... CS1: long volume value, Use dmy dates from November 2022, RNA interference, Oncology). ...

Kraynack BA, Baker BF (2006). "Small interfering RNAs containing full 2'-O-methylribonucleotide-modified sense strands display ... Doi N, Zenno S, Ueda R, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Ui-Tei K, Saigo K (January 2003). "Short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing in ... It may interact with Dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. EIF2C2 has been shown to interact ... 2003). "Short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing in mammalian cells requires Dicer and eIF2C translation initiation ...

... responsible for trafficking RNA. Plants can transport viral RNAs, mRNAs, miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) ... which are known as small interfering RNAs and microRNAs. Among the thousands of species of plant pathogenic microorganisms, ... "Fungal Small RNAs Suppress Plant Immunity by Hijacking Host RNA Interference Pathways". Science. 342 (6154): 118-123. Bibcode: ... Yin, Zujun; Li, Yan; Han, Xiulan; Shen, Fafu (2012-04-25). "Genome-Wide Profiling of miRNAs and Other Small Non-Coding RNAs in ...

"Small interfering RNA screens reveal enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in tumor cells having both BRCA network and TP53 ...

RNAi-based systems use a similar mechanism, and involve the use of both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) to ... The main types of RNA therapeutics are those based on messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), and ... Small interfering (siRNA) are short, 19-23 base-pair (with a 3' overhang of two nucleotides), double-stranded pieces of RNA ... July 2003). "Sustained small interfering RNA-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibition in primary macrophages". ...

... s have been used to deliver microRNAs, plasmids, small interfering RNA, and messenger RNA. Microbubbles do not ... Microbubbles are bubbles smaller than one hundredth of a millimetre in diameter, but larger than one micrometre. They have ... They are also produced by the movement of a ship's hull through water, creating a bubble layer; this may interfere with the use ... There can be a small amount hemorrhage into brain tissue when microbubbles are used to disrupt the blood brain barrier, though ...

RNAs. These sub-viral replicons are small, non-coding, deletion mutants of the viral genome that maintain cis-acting RNA ... An interesting feature of Tombusvirus is its ability to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) ... Replication occurs via a negative strand RNA intermediate. In addition to viral proteins p33 and the RNA-dependent RNA ... and interdomain interactions mediate viral RNA replication". RNA. 9 (10): 1232-1245. doi:10.1261/rna.5630203. PMC 1370487. PMID ...