physiological race A group of forms alike in morphology. Often means a group of organisms that are potentially interbreeding. ... spore A reproductive structure in fungi. Can result from both sexual and asexual processes. spore wall The layered wall ... Either algae (a phycobiont) or cyanobacteria (a cyanobiont). phototropism A tropic phenomenon driven by light, where growth ... The somatic and reproductive phases do not coexist as a result. Examples include Olpidiaceae and Synchytriaceae. holomorph Term ...

... the physiological role of truly spontaneous acrosomal reaction, occurring well before this point in the female reproductive ... This is referred to as spontaneous acrosome reaction (SAR). It is now known that in a certain sense, this phenomenon is ... In humans, on the other hand, it remains disputed where exactly the acrosome reaction is initiated in physiological ... Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 16 (1): 81. doi:10.1186/s12958-018-0398-y. ISSN 1477-7827. PMC 6109296. PMID 30143014. ...

... has importance in reproductive medicine as the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the ... Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the ... It was Mechnikov who first observed the phenomenon of phagocytosis, in which the body defends itself against a foreign body. ... This area of the immunology is devoted to the study of immunological aspects of the reproductive process including fetus ...

... biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological processes G08 - reproductive and urinary physiology G09 - ... chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical Sciences H01 - natural ... biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - ... psychological phenomena and processes F03 - mental disorders F04 - behavioral disciplines and activities G - Biological ...

doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00004-1. Whitaker AH (April 1987). "The roles of lizards in New Zealand plant reproductive strategies ... Olesen JM, Valido A (April 2003). "Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island phenomenon". Trends in Ecology & ... Lotz CN, Schondube JE (2006). "Sugar Preferences in Nectar- and Fruit-Eating Birds: Behavioral Patterns and Physiological ... Tan KH, Nishida R (2000). "Mutual reproductive benefits between a wild orchid, Bulbophyllum patens, and Bactrocera fruit flies ...

The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes ... This phenomenon is driven by strong selection against hybrids, typically resulting from instances in which hybrids suffer ... An example of reproductive isolation due to differences in the mating season are found in the toad species Bufo americanus and ... In the same way, the sperm of the males of the two parent species do not survive in the reproductive tract of the hybrid female ...

"Tarchanoff phenomenon". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 21 January 2013. Тарханов И. Р. К физиологии полового аппарата у ... Petersburg Military Medical Academy after 1881) and pursued varied physiological experiments with his pupils and disciples at ... лягушки (On Physiology of the Reproductive system in frogs). - «Русская медицина (Russian medicine)», 1885, №30-32, с. 1-26. ... Tarkhanov engaged in experimental studies on the phenomena of summation in the nervous system (1869). He also studied the ...

Multiple physiological methods exist, including measurement of penile erection, viewing time, FMRI, and pupil dilation. In men ... Psychology portal Human sexuality portal LGBT portal Erogenous zone § Male Human female sexuality Male reproductive system Male ... that primate homosexual behavior is not a uniform phenomenon and varies within and across species; and that since same-sex ... because it lowers reproductive opportunities), suggests that that type of behaviour must be beneficial, or the behaviour would ...

Brown and Wilson viewed character displacement as a phenomenon involved in speciation, stating, "we believe that it is a common ... The characters involved can be morphological, ecological, behavioral, or physiological; they are assumed to be genetically ... The snails' penis lengths exhibit divergence, suggesting reproductive character displacement of this trait. Threespine ... Many found the early examples unconvincing and suggested it to be a rare phenomenon. Criticisms with earlier studies included ...

Pfaff also discovered that the nerve cells which control all reproductive processes-neurons that express the gene for the ... Sandra Sherman, argued that altruistic behavior can be considered as a natural neurophysiological phenomenon, and put forth an ... and argued that the lessons learned informed our understanding of the physiological basis of libido. Brain Arousal and ... Pfaff, Donald W. (1980). Estrogens and Brain Function : Neural Analysis of a Hormone-Controlled Mammalian Reproductive Behavior ...

It is a physiological state with very specific initiating and inhibiting conditions. The mechanism is a means of surviving ... Embryonic diapause, a somewhat similar phenomenon, occurs in over 130 species of mammals, possibly even in humans, and in the ... In cases where the insect remains active, feeding is reduced and reproductive development is slowed or halted. Diapause in ... In adults, absence of JH causes degeneration of flight muscles and atrophy or cessation of development of reproductive tissues ...

This phenomenon is known as cryptic female choice, as the physiological mechanisms making this possible are hidden within the ... This huge variety among the reproductive organs of squamata is of interest to taxonomists, as it may be able to shed light on ... Most research in the area of squamata reproductive organs has focused on the male hemipenis, but a recent study has started to ... In snakes and lizards, morphological differences in the reproductive organs are believed to exist to help the male copulate ...

This phenomenon is now commonly known as cold shock. Yet another of Chang's major discoveries was his observation on the ... Chang found that it was actually the physiological structure of the individual sperm that affected the actual fertilisation of ... With his newfound interest in reproductive biology, Chang immersed himself in research, working together with other scientists ... in that only the strongest sperm would reach the site of fertilisation through the female reproductive tract. The process of ...

Physiological fitness and exercise of scallops decreases with age due to the decline of cellular and especially mitochondrial ... This phenomenon is due to lower protein levels in adductor muscles. Scallops do occasionally produce pearls, though scallop ... of mitochondria from the phasic adductor muscle of Euvola ziczac varied significantly during their annual reproductive cycle. ...

... overlapping generations within a colony of adults and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive castes) to ... Whilst the specific physiological mechanisms by which immunity is produced differ sharply between the individual and society, ... Social immunity differs from similar phenomena that can occur in groups that are not truly social (e.g. herding animals). These ... effort in social immune responses - physiological and genomic studies have shown that social conditions can lead to a reduction ...

Modifications in the reproductive organs take place and bring about secondary sexual characteristics. Extroversion gives way ... Hall took a psychological approach to psychical phenomena. By 1890 he had resigned from the society. He became an outspoken ... Inspired by Wilhelm Wundt's Principles of Physiological Psychology, Hall pursued doctoral studies at Harvard University where ... The early members of the society were skeptical of paranormal phenomena. ...

Most scientists in this field believe that the mind is a phenomenon that stems from the nervous system. By studying and gaining ... Psychologists in this field usually focus their attention to topics such as sleep, emotion, ingestion, senses, reproductive ... Physiological psychology studies many topics relating to the body's response to a behavior or activity in an organism. It ... Most physiological psychologists receive PhDs in neuroscience or a related subject and either teach and carry out research at ...

Their chances of reproductive success are much higher than they would be should they pick someone older-and therefore less ... This phenomenon is called the "pink tax." However, attractiveness varies by society; in ancient China foot binding was ... "Facial Shape Analysis Identifies Valid Cues to Aspects of Physiological Health in Caucasian, Asian, and African Populations". ... In contrast, the reproductive effort of physically less attractive men, who therefore will not have the same mating ...

Females change color over the course of their reproductive cycles. Chameleons also tend to change to a much darker color when ... This makes them an excellent model organism to study developmental and evolutionary phenomena. Young chameleons have a ... chameleons useful in providing information to study the molecular interaction at the tooth-bone interface in physiological and ... They breed readily, do not require a cooling period to induce a reproductive cycle, and females produce about 45-90 eggs ...

Seasonal variation in human birth rate has been found to be a nearly universal phenomenon. Also, birth seasonality has been ... respiratory condition and reproductive conditions with birth month. In addition, they uncovered an association between ... found to be correlated with certain physiological and psychological traits of humans and animals. The season in which babies ...

It has been shown that this phenomenon is mediated by an epigenetic modification of DNA known as CpG methylation. Silencing the ... Kucharski R, Maleszka, J, Foret, S, Maleszka, R, Nutritional Control of Reproductive Status in Honeybees via DNA Methylation. ... the two adults would be strongly differentiated across a wide range of characteristics including anatomical and physiological ... Kucharski, R.; Maleszka, J.; Foret, S.; Maleszka, R. (2008). "Nutritional Control of Reproductive Status in Honeybees via DNA ...

"Observations on the postpartum shivering phenomenon". The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 36 (11): 803-7. PMID 1765959. Henry ... Postpartum chills is a physiological response that occurs within two hours of childbirth. It appears as uncontrollable ... Ravid, Dorit; Gidoni, Yariv; Bruchim, Ilan; Shapira, Hava; Fejgin, Moshe (2001). "Postpartum chills phenomenon: Is it a feto- ...

The physiological factors regulating reproductive development and pheromone production are unknown. In several ant species, ... Eusociality is a rare but widespread phenomenon in species in at least seven orders in the animal kingdom, as shown in the ... The "point of no return" hypothesis posits that the morphological differentiation of reproductive and non-reproductive castes ... begins during the initiation of reproductive activity or about the physiological factors regulating either reproductive ...

The notion of physiological division of labor, introduced in the 1820s by the French physiologist Henri Milne-Edwards, allowed ... Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, ... work incessantly to produce the phenomena that constitute the life of the individual." In more differentiated organisms, the ... The Pulse of Modernism: Physiological Aesthetics in Fin-de-Siècle Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015. 384 pp ...

... He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research, a society studying psychic and paranormal phenomena, and ... Balfour argued the Darwinian premise of selection for reproductive fitness cast doubt on scientific naturalism, because human ... physiological or psychical, by which the interests of the individual or the race are promoted. From the humblest form of ...

Walker, Terence I.; Taylor, Bruce L.; Hudson, Russell J.; Cottier, Jason P. (1998-12-15). "The phenomenon of apparent change of ... Walker, Terence I. (2007-02-21). "Spatial and temporal variation in the reproductive biology of gummy shark Mustelus ... Frick, Lorenz H.; Reina, Richard David; Walker, Terence Ivan (2010-04-01). "Stress related physiological changes and post- ...

There are very few animals (bonobos and dolphins for example) who show this phenomenon. All women who live past the age of ... The Battle of Sexes: Male and female reproductive interests, more often than not, do not coincide. While both of them want to ... Why Don't Men Breastfeed Their Babies: The author proposes that men have almost all the physiological traits necessary for ...

... "the full panoply of reproductive phenomena": 145 and is listed as a major professional association publishing reproductive ... She contrasts SSR favorably with the American Physiological Society and Endocrine Society, of all of which she was a member. ... As of 2021, the Society's president was Troy L. Ott, Professor of Reproductive Physiology at Pennsylvania State University's ... Center for Reproductive Science". Northwestern University. Retrieved 3 November 2022. "Bazer "grand slams" professional awards ...

Physiological causes, systemic disorders, and the use of certain drugs must be ruled out before the condition is diagnosed. ... This phenomenon is likely due to galactorrhea requiring adequate levels of progesterone or estrogen to prepare the breast ... Reproductive Health. 13. doi:10.1177/1179558119871921. ISSN 1179-5581. PMC 6734626. PMID 31523136. Pekić, Sandra; Medic ... Physiological (i.e., non-pathological) causes include: ovulation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, chest wall injury, stress, stress- ...

... s are a biological phenomenon and are not equivalent to the human social institution of marriage. Married couples are ... Pair bonding is a behavioral and physiological bond between two mated individuals, and is rare among non-human primates. Humans ... Pair bonding may also have non-reproductive benefits, such as assisted resource defense. Recent study comparing two species of ...

... consisting of non-reproductive structures such as petals; and the reproductive or sexual parts. A stereotypical flower is made ... Since each new plant is genetically distinct, the different plants show variation in their physiological and structural ... A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the ... Flower is from the Middle English flour, which referred to both the ground grain and the reproductive structure in plants, ...

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 77 (3): 346-365. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.407.8690. doi:10.1086/420941. PMID 15286910. S2CID ... Plants and animals in deserts are mostly adapted to extreme and prolonged water deficits, but their reproductive phenology ... short-lived phenomenon can occur in calm conditions when hot air near the ground rises quickly through a small pocket of cooler ... because of their need to keep their skins moist and their dependence on water for reproductive purposes. In fact, the few ...

Main article: Reproductive system of gastropods. Courtship is a part of mating behavior in some gastropods, including some of ... This process is unrelated to the coiling of the shell, which is a separate phenomenon. Torsion is present in all gastropods, ... The effects of torsion are primarily physiological; the organism develops an asymmetrical growth, with the majority occurring ... Again, in some land snails, an unusual feature of the reproductive system of gastropods is the presence and utilization of love ...

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 80: 313-316. doi:10.1016/0368-2048(96)02983-0. Archived from the ... The evolution of early reproductive proteins and enzymes is attributed in modern models of evolutionary theory to ultraviolet ... "DNA damage after acute exposure of mice skin to physiological doses of UVB and UVA light". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 304 (5): 407- ... a disruption in the strand that reproductive enzymes cannot copy. This leads to frameshifting during genetic replication and ...

China is an example where this phenomenon has been observed readily. China's GDP increased massively from 1978, and energy ...

Taplin, L. E.; Grigg, G. C. (1989). "Historical Zoogeography of the Eusuchian Crocodilians: A Physiological Perspective". ... "Ecological and reproductive constraints of body size in the gigantic Argentavis magnificens (Aves, Theratornithidae) from the ... of South America's African immigrants compared to its native early Cenozoic mammal fauna is another example of this phenomenon ...

"Badan Pusat Statistik "Indonesia Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey 2002-2004" p. 27" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the ... Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) believed dreams caused physiological activity. He thought dreams could analyze ... The latter definition distinguishes hallucinations from the related phenomena of dreaming, which does not involve wakefulness. ... Aserinsky, Eugene; Kleitman, Nathaniel (1953). "Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility, and Concomitant Phenomena, during ...

The goal of this approach is to discern meaningful, rather than causal, connections among the phenomena one seeks to understand ... On this view all specialised cognitive functions broadly serve those reproductive ends. For Steven Pinker the universal ... physiological, psychological, placebo, social support, and spiritual. The spiritual mediator is a departure from the rest in ... Evolutionary psychologists seek to understand cognitive processes by understanding the survival and reproductive functions they ...

... selection pressure is relatively high when Fisher's reproductive value is high and relatively low when Fisher's reproductive ... Aging has been defined as "a progressive deterioration of physiological function, an intrinsic age-related process of loss of ... Dańko MJ, Kozłowski J, Schaible R (October 2015). "Unraveling the non-senescence phenomenon in Hydra". Journal of Theoretical ... The reproductive-cell cycle theory suggests that aging is regulated by changes in hormonal signaling over the lifespan. Only a ...

Bras has specialized in the interpretation of natural phenomena as random functions. He has been recognized for his use of ... The polymides are very strong in terms of their mechanical properties, yet degradable under standard physiological conditions ... Endocrinology Pedro Beauchamp is the first Puerto Rican specialist certified by the American Reproductive Endocrinology and ... he was named in 6th Annual Royan International Research Award nominations for the best five research papers in reproductive ...

This phenomenon has been observed in public parks in Sydney, Australia, where wild parrots utter phrases such as "Hello darling ... Ginsberg, N. (1963). "Conditioned talking in the mynah bird". Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 56 (6): 1061 ... mimicry is that mimics have evolved to have a wide repertoire of vocalisations to increase their reproductive success. The male ...

Although this phenomenon was first mentioned over 200 years ago, research on its biological relevance has only occurred within ... Jones, C. Eugene; Cruzan, Mitchell B. (February 1999). "Floral morphological changes and reproductive success in deer weed ( ... understood that floral color change has evolved independently several times and has maintained morphological and physiological ... when these flowers are retained on insect pollinated plants there are the potential benefits of enhanced reproductive success ...

... is concerned with phenomena that affect the maintenance, loss, and restoration of biodiversity and the ... 2019). "The Importance of Reproduction for the Conservation of Slow-Growing Animal Populations". Reproductive Sciences in ... "An integrative scientific discipline applying physiological concepts, tools, and knowledge to characterizing biological ... Theodore Roosevelt Conscious efforts to conserve and protect global biodiversity are a recent phenomenon. Natural resource ...

An STI can have a large negative physiological and psychological effect on an adolescent. The goal of the pediatrician is for ... Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have assessed adolescent reproductive health needs with a view to developing adolescent- ... is a relatively recent western phenomenon that is largely absent in pre-industrial societies and is a result of infantilization ... Adolescents In Changing Times: Issues And Perspectives For Adolescent Reproductive Health In The ESCAP Region Archived 2014-01- ...

In very high dose radiation therapy, it was known at the time that radiation can cause a physiological increase in the rate of ... Little J (April 1993). "The Chernobyl accident, congenital anomalies and other reproductive outcomes". Paediatric and Perinatal ... a dose-response phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Calabrese EJ (October 2015). "On the ...

A similar phenomenon occurs in elephants, bighorn sheep, and fallow deer, where the females stay close to dominant males for ... These chemicals may also serve to increase the female's reproductive success, but at the cost of decreased longevity and immune ... Behavioral and physiological female responses to male sex ratio bias in a pond-breeding amphibian. Frontiers in Zoology 9, 24 ( ... In nature, males and females usually differ in reproductive fitness optima. Males generally prefer to maximize their number of ...

Low dosages of testosterone that result in physiological levels of testosterone (< 50 ng/dL) do not increase sexual desire in ... Ultimately, these higher levels of testosterone may increase the reproductive success of males exposed to female ovulation cues ... Ziegler T. E. (2007). "Female sexual motivation during non-fertile periods: a primate phenomenon". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (1 ... There is little support for the notion that physiological levels of testosterone are important for sexual desire in women, ...

The physiological impacts of cannibalism on male fitness include his inability to father any offspring if he is unable to mate ... Male reproductive success can be determined by their number of fathered offspring, and monogyny is seen quite often in sexually ... This behavior is often seen in sexually cannibalistic spiders, causing them to exhibit the "eunuch phenomenon". Due to the ... This reproductive success was largely due to the increased energy uptake by cannibalizing males and investing that additional ...

... and reduced reproductive success. One explanation could be increased reproductive success by close relatives without symptoms ... While the reason for this phenomenon is unknown, there may be a genetic resistance to the cancers, a side effect of medications ... it has been suggested that the physiological hypoxia that prevails in normal embryonic and fetal development, or pathological ... Nonetheless, it has been argued that a small endowment of schizotypy-increasing genes may increase reproductive success by ...

These stressors-and the associated burden of coping with them-manifest as physiological responses that have detrimental effects ... Researchers have also identified patterns connecting weathering to biological phenomena associated with stress and aging, such ... multigenerational impact on reproductive outcomes". Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 121 (4): 211-215. doi:10.1080/ ... and Their Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Historical and Contemporary Evidence and Implications for Health Equity ...

Reproductive Medicine: John Barry, Bruce Blank, and Michel Boileau, for using postage stamps to test whether the male sexual ... Han, Jiwon (June 2016). "A Study on the Coffee Spilling Phenomena in the Low Impulse Regime". Achievements in the Life Sciences ... Prochazkova, E.; Sjak-Shie, E.; Behrens, F.; Lindh, D.; Kret, M. E. (1 November 2021). "Physiological synchrony is associated ... It has been suggested that the study of this phenomenon has had major political consequences. Following the sensational ...

Special issue about plant senescence in Plant Biology volume 10 issue s1 The Adaptive Reasons For And The Physiological Causes ... reproductive, immature, or just plain, root nature. The idea that a plant does not impose efficiency demands on immature cells ... although the phenomena undoubtedly exists. If gibberellin, brassinosteroid and ethylene are known to inhibit root growth it ...

Asdell, S. A. (1942). "The Accessory Reproductive Tract in Mammalian True Hermaphrodites, an Effect of Position". The American ... Physiological Entomology. 32 (3): 294-299. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2007.00573.x. S2CID 85317122. Taniyama, Katsuya; Onodera, ... of Papilio androgeus Mosaic gynandromorph of Papilio androgeus Normal male of Papilio androgeus The cause of this phenomenon is ... Krohmer, Randolph W. (27 December 1989). "Reproductive Physiology and Behavior of a Gynandromorph Redsided Garter Snake, ...

This phenomenon is a natural process of plants and is caused due to the limitation of water around the environment where the ... This allows the plant to take greater advantage in reproductive perspective as the plant takes much less energy to maintain ... Mechanisms that trigger leaf drop is a process which includes physiological and chemical pathways happening within the plants. ... The causes of this phenomenon can vary depending on where the plant or the whole ecosystem is situated at. The characteristics ...

The phenomenon is sometimes referred to as Dutch Hunger Winter Syndrome. Furthermore, the increased rates of metabolic diseases ... In all 19 informative cases, the epimutations that, together with physiological imprinting and therefore silencing of the other ... then the reproductive fitness of the offspring of that species will be diminished. There has been critical discussion of ... Coe EH (June 1959). "A regular and continuing conversion-type phenomenon at the B locus in maize". Proceedings of the National ...

All these data emphasize that physiological levels of androgens have no action on the regulation of gonadotropins in normal ... Jameson JL, de Kretser DM, Marshall JC, De Groot LJ (7 May 2013). Endocrinology Adult and Pediatric: Reproductive Endocrinology ... This is the mechanism of the phenomenon of antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome, where antiandrogen discontinuation paradoxically ... Furr BJ (2009). "Research on reproductive medicine in the pharmaceutical industry". Human Fertility. 1 (1): 56-63. doi:10.1080/ ...

doi:10.1016/S0304-3770(99)00035-2. Collier, CJ; Lavery, PS; Ralph, PJ; Masini, RJ (2008). "Physiological characteristics of the ... doi:10.1016/0304-3770(78)90068-2. Darnell, Kelly; Dunton, Kenneth (2016). "Reproductive phenology of the subtropical seagrasses ... along with natural phenomena like climate change and anthropogenic pressure. While there are exceptions, regression was a ... From physiological to community-level assessments". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 317: 87-95. doi:10.1016 ...

The phenomena of movements that seem to be nomadic or purportedly irruptive in nature may occur as well in Europe, though given ... Block, B. (2009). Long-term trends in population density and reproductive success of Long-eared Owl Asio otus in Brandenburg, ... Schwartzkopff, J. (1963). Morphological and physiological properties of the auditory system in birds. Proc. XIII Inter. ... Marks, J. S. (1986). Nest-site characteristics and reproductive success of Long-eared Owls in southwestern Idaho. The Wilson ...