... biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological processes G08 - reproductive and urinary physiology G09 - ... chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - genetic phenomena G14 - genetic structures H - Physical Sciences H01 - natural ... biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - ... psychological phenomena and processes F03 - mental disorders F04 - behavioral disciplines and activities G - Biological ...

... crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been implicated in a wide array of physiological phenomena including inhibitory ... Plasma taurine was 78% of control values, and urinary taurine was 29%. Prematurely born infants are believed to lack the ... Other effects of a diet lacking in this essential amino acid are dilated cardiomyopathy and reproductive failure in females. ... Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101-163. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...

The notion of physiological division of labor, introduced in the 1820s by the French physiologist Henri Milne-Edwards, allowed ... Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine. ... Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, ... work incessantly to produce the phenomena that constitute the life of the individual." In more differentiated organisms, the ...

Both MT and CT receptors are found in the brain, heart, kidney, and urinary bladder. This differential distribution of MT and ... H. japonica have also been studied in order to determine the predictive ability of bone mineral density on the physiological ... Another hypothesis is that H. japonica increases its reproductive effort in the event that they die earlier due to ... Other frog species, at such temperatures, will accumulate ice, a phenomenon that proves lethal. This accumulation of ice was ...

Urology - medical and surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive ... Space Science - discipline encompassing the fields of study that involve space exploration and the study of natural phenomena ... Pathophysiology - study of the changes of normal mechanical, physiological, and biochemical functions, either caused by a ... Building science - collection of scientific knowledge that focuses on the analysis and control of the physical phenomena ...

Females treated with an oxytocin antagonist are unable to recognize the urinary scent of their mate, and will terminate ... In this way, females can exert a post-copulatory mate choice, reserving their reproductive resources for the highest-quality ... The hormone vasopressin is crucial in coupling a chemosensory cue with an appropriate physiological response. When the ... Laboratory artifact or field phenomenon?". Biology of Reproduction. 31 (1): 97-103. doi:10.1095/biolreprod31.1.97. PMID 6380603 ...

Urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence have been linked to all methods of childbirth, with the incidence of urinary ... Postpartum physiological changes Postpartum care Postpartum confinement, a period of rest Romano, Mattea; Cacciatore, ... Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two ... are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually ...

... is expressed at very high levels in intestinal, urinary, and reproductive tract smooth muscle, at lower levels in ... This could be a physiologically significant phenomenon considering the high concentration of ATP always present in smooth ... Smooth muscle myosin, under physiological conditions in vitro, can adapt two relatively and different stable conformations. ...

A similar phenomenon of menstrual synchrony has been investigated multiple times to determine whether or not it even exists, ... Hoover and Drickamer's other work exploring the effect of urinary chemosignals on the change of the onset of puberty in female ... As estrus increases the likelihood of sexually receptive behaviour in females, such that overall reproductive success is more ... and lactating mice to explore whether any substances in it constituted a pheromone that could impact mice on a physiological ...

The non-reproductive effects of progesterone are fairly insignificant. Unlike estrogens, progesterone is not known to be ... Cox DB, Kent JC, Casey TM, Owens RA, Hartmann PE (March 1999). "Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human ... However, it notes that these physiological levels of estradiol are usually unable to suppress testosterone levels into the ... 58-. ISBN 978-1-56639-852-7. Ekins R, King D (23 October 2006). The Transgender Phenomenon. SAGE Publications. pp. 48-. ISBN ...

The reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, skin, eye, and vasculature all contain this tonic muscle type. ... This phenomenon is of great value especially for tonically active smooth muscle. Isolated preparations of vascular and visceral ... Sanders, KM; Ward, SM; Koh, SD (July 2014). "Interstitial cells: regulators of smooth muscle function". Physiological Reviews. ... urinary, and reproductive systems. In the eyes, the ciliary muscles, a type of smooth muscle, dilate and contract the iris and ...

Primary or essential dysmenorrhea is a very common gynecological phenomenon experienced by women during their reproductive ... Oral doses of dydrogesterone of 5 to 40 mg/day on days 5 to 25 of the cycle fail to suppress ovulation (assessed by urinary ... estrogen monotherapy results in continued endometrial development without the physiological secretory changes normally brought ... and Reproductive Biology. 186 (1): 49-53. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.11.002. PMID 25622239. Barbosa MW, Valadares NP, Barbosa AC ...

... reproductive status and health. Compounds derived from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are bound to several urinary ... Bjorkoyli, Tore; Rosell, Frank (2002). "A test of the dear enemy phenomenon in the Eurasian beaver". Animal Behaviour. 63 (6): ... and Physiological Study". PLoS ONE. 8 (4): e60537. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860537H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060537. ISSN 1932- ... They help with the rearing of the young and can take the place of a reproductive if one dies. The Damaraland mole rat is ...

"Male Reproductive System Information". Cleveland Clinic. "The Male Reproductive System". WebMD. "Male puberty milestones". ... Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). "Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract: Basis for Current and Future Treatments of Urinary ... Scientists believe the phenomenon could be linked to obesity or exposure to chemicals in the food chain, and is putting girls ... Mechanisms of these social effects are unknown, though a variety of physiological processes, including pheromones, have been ...

In many women prone to recurrent urinary tract infections, the mucosal surfaces of the vaginal introitus are colonized by ... Kutteh WH, Mestecky J, Wira CR (7 January 2005). "Chapter 95 - Mucosal Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract". In ... Inactivated material from the eight strains is mixed and diluted with physiological sodium chloride solution. Phenol is added ... Multiple authors have proposed cellular immunological phenomena as the primary mediators of protective effect of lactobacillus ...

... because it acts on the individuals with the most reproductive success, would thus favor greater reproductive success over ... These hormones are not found in the semen of chimpanzees, suggesting this phenomenon may be a human male counter-strategy to ... doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00005-7. Brooksbank, B. W. L. (1962). "Urinary excretion of androst-16-en-3 alpha-ol in human male ... Humans are considered to have concealed ovulation because there is no outward physiological sign, either to a woman herself or ...

"津液包括各脏腑组织的正常体液和正常的分泌物，胃液、肠液、唾液、关节液等。习惯上也包括代谢产物中的尿、汗、泪等。" [The (term) jinye comprises all physiological bodily fluids of the ... Once again, the kidney visceral system governs the "source Qi", which governs the reproductive systems in both sexes. This ... Urinary Bladder, Stomach and Sānjiaō. The zàng's essential functions consist in production and storage of qì and xuě; they are ... yin and yang of the body are seen

The research and regulation of occupational safety and health are a relatively recent phenomenon. As labor movements arose in ... reproductive toxins, systemic toxins, asthmagens, pneumoconiotic agents, and sensitizers. Authorities such as regulatory ... the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological ... and evidence suggests that dental professionals have higher urinary mercury levels. About 84.9% of dental practitioners among ...

... or reproductive development varies from traditional, societal, cultural, or physiological norms". This designation has ... Long-term consequences include urinary tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, pain during intercourse, and difficulties in ... health disparities have distinguished medical treatment for men and women due to the cultural phenomenon of preference for male ... reproductive & sexual health and rights". Reproductive Health Matters: reproductive & sexual health and rights. 2015-03-01. ...

These phenomena are involved in chronic pain. As the structure of the lumbago back is complex and the reporting of pain is ... Women may have acute low back pain from medical conditions affecting the female reproductive system, including endometriosis, ... Lane DR, Takhar SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine ... which can modify an individual's physiological response to pain. The benefit however is small. Medical providers may develop an ...

Microglia plays a key role in the winding up phenomena and central sensitization. Effects of oral dosing of PEA has been ... In a different model for bladder pain, the turpentine-induced urinary bladder inflammation in the rat, PEA also attenuated a ... and Reproductive Biology. 150 (1): 76-9. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.01.008. PMID 20176435. Aloe L, Leon A, Levi-Montalcini R ( ... activating receptors and regulating a variety of physiological functions.[non-primary source needed] PEA is known to activate ...

In multiple pregnancies, which often result from use of assisted reproductive technology, there is a high risk of preterm birth ... Bánhidy F, Acs N, Puhó EH, Czeizel AE (2007). "Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes of pregnant women with urinary tract ... Studies in Ireland and Denmark first noticed the phenomenon, and it has been confirmed elsewhere. There is no universally ... all of which invoke physiological and anatomical changes considered to be beneficial in reducing preterm birth. Two meta- ...

All these data emphasize that physiological levels of androgens have no action on the regulation of gonadotropins in normal ... Jameson JL, de Kretser DM, Marshall JC, De Groot LJ (7 May 2013). Endocrinology Adult and Pediatric: Reproductive Endocrinology ... page 67: Currently, information is not available regarding the activity of the major urinary metabolites of bicalutamide, ... This is the mechanism of the phenomenon of antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome, where antiandrogen discontinuation paradoxically ...

Page IH (1 July 1954). "Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)". Physiological Reviews. American Physiological Society. 34 (3): 563- ... Urinary serotonin/creatinine ratio in bitches tended to be higher 4 weeks after surgery. In addition, serotonin was positively ... Genetically altered C. elegans worms that lack serotonin have an increased reproductive lifespan, may become obese, and ... a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. Outside the gut of a host, there is nothing that the entoamoebas provoke to release ...

This phenomenon that has been dubbed the "lemur syndrome". A 2014 study of Eulemur masculinization proposed that behavioral and ... The truth is that both are sexual and both are reproductive." She reiterated that the vestibular bulbs appear to be part of the ... While some studies, using ultrasound, have found physiological evidence of the G-spot in women who report having orgasms during ... but he concluded that it had a urinary function. Following this study, Realdo Colombo (also known as Matteo Renaldo Colombo), a ...

The goal of this approach is to discern meaningful, rather than causal, connections among the phenomena one seeks to understand ... Evolutionary psychology is based on the hypothesis that, just like the cardiac, pulmonary, urinary, and immune systems, ... On this view all specialised cognitive functions broadly serve those reproductive ends. For Steven Pinker the universal ... physiological, psychological, placebo, social support, and spiritual. The spiritual mediator is a departure from the rest in ...

They have a urinary bladder and nitrogenous waste products are excreted primarily as urea. Most amphibians lay their eggs in ... Reproductive success of many amphibians is dependent not only on the quantity of rainfall, but the seasonal timing. In the ... The progeny feed on a skin layer that is specially developed by the adult in a phenomenon known as maternal dermatophagy. The ... Physiological Zoology. 64 (1): 212-231. doi:10.1086/physzool.64.1.30158520. JSTOR 30158520. S2CID 87191067. Archived from the ...

... the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system. The dental formula of humans is: 2.1.2.32.1.2.3. Humans have ... April 2018). "Physiological and Genetic Adaptations to Diving in Sea Nomads". Cell. 173 (3): 569-580.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... Another suggests that war is a relatively recent phenomenon and has appeared due to changing social conditions. While not ... It has been proposed that menopause increases a woman's overall reproductive success by allowing her to invest more time and ...

Physiological ecologist Eric Riddell states, "We often think that climate change may cause a mass mortality event in the future ... The lack of sufficient food and water can lead to a decrease in growth and reproductive efficiency. When looking at the impacts ... The long-recognized importance of protecting landscapes has never been greater" (Moritz 2008). An example of this phenomenon is ... To compensate, cattle then increase their urinary output of bicarbonate. This compensation furthermore leads to issues with ...

Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine in Benjamin H, The Transsexual Phenomenon. Julian Press ASIN B0007HXA76 Barrett, ... Transgender men taking testosterone are likely at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections, especially if they ... physiological and emotional effects of hormone replacement therapy, psychological aspects of expressing sexuality after medical ... The Formulation of Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviour Among Young Men in Bangladesh Archived 2012-02-22 at the Wayback ...

This concept of patriarchy was developed to explain male dominance as a social, rather than biological, phenomenon. The ... Feminist historian Gerda Lerner believes that male control over women's sexuality and reproductive functions is a fundamental ... Sannen, Adinda; Heistermann, Michael; Elsacker, Linda Van; Möhle, Ulrike; Eens, Marcel (2003). "Urinary Testosterone Metabolite ... "the periods over which women would have been at a physiological disadvantage in participation in hunting through being at a ...

This phenomenon can be explained by looking at the role of gonadal hormones, specifically estrogen, which modulate the enhanced ... Dale HH (May 1906). "On some physiological actions of ergot". The Journal of Physiology. 34 (3): 163-206. doi:10.1113/jphysiol. ... The authors noted these changes "may simply reflect contractile properties on reproductive tissue". Due to its similarity to ... "Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees". Proceedings. ...

... delays the return of menstruation, and in very specific circumstances, fertility, a phenomenon known as ... Elling SV, Powell FC (January 1997). "Physiological changes in the skin during pregnancy". Clinics in Dermatology. Dermatologic ... 2014). "Celiac disease and reproductive disorders: meta-analysis of epidemiologic associations and potential pathogenic ... urinary tract infection and necrotizing enterocolitis. Breastfeeding may protect against sudden infant death syndrome, insulin- ...

... and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and that typically include a strong desire to take the ... Urinary caffeine concentration is frequently measured in competitive sports programs, for which a level in excess of 15 mg/L is ... Caffeine in nectar may improve the reproductive success of the pollen producing plants by enhancing the reward memory of ... The acute increase in urinary output may increase the risk of dehydration. However, chronic users of caffeine develop a ...

Not only did he detail numerous physiological and developmental problems caused by caffeine, but he also suggested that ... Kellogg also believed the practice of this "solitary-vice" caused cancer of the womb, urinary diseases, nocturnal emissions, ... Paige, Jeffery; Paige, Karen (2021). "Summary and Implications for Complex Societies". The Politics of Reproductive Ritual. ... and varied phenomena of the universe. ... The tree does not create itself; a creative power is constantly going forward in it. ...

... (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate ... Neural chemically induced progenitor cells (ciNPCs) can be generated from mouse tail-tip fibroblasts and human urinary somatic ... The researchers demonstrate the phenomenon of somatic cell reprograming by bacteria and generation of multipotential cells from ... March 2022). "In vivo partial reprogramming alters age-associated molecular changes during physiological aging in mice". Nat ...

Iskandar, D. T.; Evans, B. J.; McGuire, J. A. (2014). "A Novel Reproductive Mode in Frogs: A New Species of Fanged Frog with ... The urine passes along paired ureters to the urinary bladder from which it is vented periodically into the cloaca. All bodily ... The last aspect that makes this species of frog's calls unusual is that nonlinear acoustic phenomena are important components ... James, R. S.; Wilson, R. S. (2008). "Explosive jumping: extreme morphological and physiological specializations of Australian ...

... s do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted ... This physiological adaptation shows in nearly a hundred other species, including owlet-nightjars, nightjars, and woodswallows. ... Yong, Ed (6 June 2013). "Phenomena: Not Exactly Rocket Science How Chickens Lost Their Penises (And Ducks Kept Theirs)". ... Birkhead, T.R.; Møller, P. (1993). "Sexual selection and the temporal separation of reproductive events: sperm storage data ...

In mice, major urinary proteins (Mups) have been demonstrated to promote innate aggressive behavior in males, and can be ... One particular phenomenon - the formation of coordinated coalitions that raid neighbouring territories to kill conspecifics - ... Greenberg, Neil; Scott, Michelle; Crews, David (1984). "Role of the amygdala in the reproductive and aggressive behavior of the ... although an effect of abnormally high levels of steroids does not prove an effect at physiological levels. ...

Modern reproductive medicine offers many forms of assisted reproductive technology for couples who stay childless against their ... However, this phenomenon also has a strong generational component: in 1996, about 50% of women without a university degree had ... Urinary tract infection Varicose veins. Common complaint caused by relaxation of the venous smooth muscle and increased ... a woman undergoes many physiological changes, which are entirely normal, including behavioral, cardiovascular, hematologic, ...

Semen is particularly rich in zinc, a key factor in prostate gland function and reproductive organ growth. Zinc homeostasis of ... A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those ... Deficiency of other nutrients such as tyrosine, tryptophan and thiamine could contribute to this phenomenon of "malnutrition- ... Stipanuk, Martha H. (2006). Biochemical, Physiological & Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. W. B. Saunders Company. pp. 1043 ...

Short-term physiological effects include increases in blood pressure and heart rate. The increased blood pressure and heart ... Being exposed over a long period of time to e-cigarette vapors may raise the possibility of unfavorable reproductive outcomes. ... Vaping was found to have comparable levels of nicotine urinary metabolites to those who were tobacco and smokeless tobacco ... effects of aerosols inhaled from e-cigarettes is still limited partially due to incomplete awareness of physical phenomena ...

Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted from ... egg binding An egg that while traversing the reproductive tract during the process of being laid, becomes stuck near to the ... Turner, J. Scott (1997). "On the thermal capacity of a bird's egg warmed by a brood patch". Physiological Zoology. Vol. 70, no ... overbrooding The not uncommon phenomenon of birds continuing to brood eggs that are not viable and will not hatch, sometimes ...

In the Imperial era, vulva can mean "female reproductive organs" collectively or vaguely, or sometimes refers to the vagina ... The god Liber (understood as the "Free One") oversaw physiological responses during sexual intercourse. When a male assumed the ... Barbier, Patrick (1989). The World of the Castrati: The History of an Extraordinary Operatic Phenomenon. Translated by Crosland ... The urinary function of the penis makes oral sex particularly repulsive to Catullus, who elsewhere reviles a Celtiberian for ...