"Comprehensive mapping of receptor-functioning domains in feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor FLVCR1". Journal of Virology ... Feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor family, member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLVCR2 gene. ... Unlike the related protein feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1 (FLVCR1), the protein encoded by this locus does not ... "Entrez Gene: Feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor family, member 2". NCBI. Wimer BM (Feb 1976). "Letter: ...

... is a receptor for two viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease in children, Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus ... "Scavenger receptor BI and BII expression levels modulate hepatitis C virus infectivity". Journal of Virology. 81 (7): 3162-9. ... "Scavenger receptor B2 is a cellular receptor for enterovirus 71". Nature Medicine. 15 (7): 798-801. doi:10.1038/nm.1992. PMID ... Mulcahy JV, Riddell DR, Owen JS (Feb 2004). "Human scavenger receptor class B type II (SR-BII) and cellular cholesterol efflux ...

HVR1 helps E2 shield the virus from the immune system. It prevents CD81 from latching onto its respective receptor on the virus ... HCV, as with most RNA viruses, exists as a viral quasispecies, making it very difficult to isolate a single strain or receptor ... The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55-65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family ... Several additional viruses in the genus have been described in bats and rodents. The hepatitis C virus particle consists of a ...

Adherens junction protein nectin-4 is the epithelial receptor for measles virus. Mühlebach MD, Mateo M, Sinn PL, Prüfer S, ... Enhanced lysis by bispecific oncolytic measles viruses simultaneously using HER2/neu or EpCAM as target receptors. Hanauer JR, ... From 1985 to 1988 Cichutek was affiliated with the Department of Molecular Biology and Virus Laboratory at the University of ... DOI:10.1038/344113a0 Development of a quasispecies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo. Cichutek K, Merget H, Norley ...

... cell surface receptors or possibly a whole organism such as a virus. Binding is quantified using fluorescence-based detection ... "Receptor-binding specificity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus determined by carbohydrate microarray". Nat Biotechnol. ... "Structure and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 influenza virus". Science. 312 (5772): 404-410. Bibcode: ... antibodies or cell receptors to define carbohydrate specificity and identify ligands. Glycan array screening works in much the ...

Upton, C; Mossman, K; McFadden, G (1992-11-20). "Encoding of a homolog of the IFN-gamma receptor by myxoma virus". Science. 258 ... viruses which infect bats generate more viral proteins than typical viruses. As a result, when bat viruses infect humans cells ... In these cells, the virus was able to multiply at ease. The isolated virus should allow for the development of a COVID-19 ... Karen Mossman discusses what isolating a virus means, 2020-03-13, retrieved 2020-04-08 Mossman, Karen. "I study viruses: How ...

Ephrin B2 has been identified as the main receptor for the henipaviruses. Flying foxes have been identified as the reservoir ... Hendra virus (Hendra henipavirus) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia. First isolated in 1994, the virus has since ... Hendra virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus, which also contains the zoonotic Nipah virus. The reservoir species of Hendra ... Nipah virus and Hendra virus are closely related paramyxoviruses that emerged from bats during the 1990s to cause deadly ...

April 2012). "Ebola virus entry requires the host-programmed recognition of an intracellular receptor". The EMBO Journal. 31 (8 ... In one of the original studies, a small molecule was shown to inhibit Ebola virus infection by preventing the virus ... Amanda Schaffer (January 16, 2012). "Key Protein May Give Ebola Virus Its Opening". The New York Times. Côté M, Misasi J, Ren T ... When cells from Niemann Pick Type C patients lacking this transporter were exposed to Ebola virus in the laboratory, the cells ...

"Structure of the influenza virus haemagglutinin complexed with its receptor, sialic acid". Nature. 333 (6172): 426-31. Bibcode: ... He has in addition made a series of seminal advances in our understanding of the structure and life cycle of viruses, with ...

"Studying G protein-coupled receptor activation using split-tobacco etch virus assays". Analytical Biochemistry. 412 (2): 141-52 ... on the functional reconstitution of two previously inactive fragments derived from the NIa protease of the tobacco etch virus ( ...

Byrd-Leotis L, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA (July 2017). "The Interplay between the Host Receptor and Influenza Virus ... Emergent viruses should not be confused with re-emerging viruses or newly detected viruses. A re-emerging virus is generally ... An emergent virus (or emerging virus) is a virus that is either newly appeared, notably increasing in incidence/geographic ... For example, a virus may emerge following loss of cross-protective immunity, which may occur due to loss of a wild virus or ...

Nairoviruses attach to the host receptor by their Gn-Gc glycoprotein dimer. The virus is then endocytosed into the host cell ... Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Kasokero virus A fifth- Erve virus -may also be ... The vast majority, and perhaps all viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses that can have human or other vertebrate hosts. ... "Kupe Virus, a New Virus in the Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Nairovirus, Kenya." Emerging Infectious Diseases 15 (2009): 147-54. " ...

Bonaparte, M; Dimitrov, A; Bossart, K (2005). "Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus". ... SARS coronavirus, Australian bat lyssavirus, Menangle virus, Marburg virus, COVID 19 and possibly Ebola viruses are also ... "Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ... Negrete OA, Levroney EL, Aguilar HC (2005). "EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus ...

It is thought that hepadnaviruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The intracellular predomination of ... is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that is closely related to human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus ... Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is distinguished from related viruses by its lack of pathogenic effect, even though it is ... Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is a spherical, enveloped virus. The core particle, or nucleocapsid, contains e antigen, viral ...

"Structural determinants of chemokine binding by an Ectromelia virus-encoded decoy receptor.", Journal of Virology, 2006 ... Fremont is now best known for his research on how the immune system recognizes viruses and the subversion mechanisms they ... for interactions between host cytokines and poxviruses and herpesviruses decoy receptors and neutralization of West Nile virus ... "Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic antibody", Nature, 2005 Official web site at Washington ...

Dörig, R. E.; A. Marcil; A. Chopra; C. D. Richardson (1993-10-22). "The human CD46 molecule is a receptor for measles virus ( ... The human CD46 antigen is known to be the functional cellular receptor for Measles virus. This type 1 integral membrane ... an Oncolytic Measles Virus Administered With or Without Cyclophosphamide Oncolytic measles virus encoding thyroidal sodium ... Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter or MV-NIS is an attenuated oncolytic Edmonston (Ed) strain ...

The receptor for this fusogenic env protein is MFSD2. The mouse syncytins are not true orthologues. The virus, along with some ...

... and specific host-cell surface receptors (e.g. CD4 receptor) on the target cell. Then the virus binds to the chemokine ... Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that has two major species, HIV-1 which causes the majority of the epidemic ... There are several steps in the HIV life cycle that may be interfered with, thus stopping the replication of the virus. A very ... Following entry into the cell the RNA of the virus is reverse-transcribed to DNA by the first virally encoded enzyme, the ...

The virus binds to specific receptors on cells and the core particle enters the cell cytoplasm. This is then translocated to ... DNA virus. "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). February 2019. Retrieved 14 ... Unlike Hepadnaviridae viruses that usually diverge alongside their hosts, viruses in the family jump hosts more frequently. The ... In the case of HBV the host receptor is human sodium taurocholate receptor (NTCP), a mediator of bile acid uptake, and the ...

It is a member of the Semliki Forest virus complex and is closely related to Ross River virus, O'nyong'nyong virus, and Semliki ... E2 binds to cellular receptors in order to enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. E1 contains a fusion ... and false positives can occur with infection due to other related viruses, such as o'nyong'nyong virus and Semliki Forest virus ... Chikungunya virus is passed to humans when a bite from an infected mosquito breaks the skin and introduces the virus into the ...

Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule ... Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host cell receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021. ... Grass carp hemorrhage virus (causes hemorrhagic disease of grass carp) is the most pathogenic aquareovirus. There are seven ...

Some components of GIs are lysogenic or defective phages; one of these widespread GIs encodes virus-derived mismatch repair and ... For example, the O-chain lipopolysaccharides of the bacteria may associate with the receptor binding proteins present on the ... May 2021). "A Novel Broad Host Range Phage Infecting Alteromonas". Viruses. 13 (6): 987. doi:10.3390/v13060987. PMC 8228385. ... Some genomic islands encode specific surface receptors recognised by phages, increasing the susceptibility to phage infections ...

An example is the use of recycling viral particle receptors in the enveloped varicella-zoster virus. A human with a viral ... Olson JK, Grose C (May 1997). "Endocytosis and recycling of varicella-zoster virus Fc receptor glycoprotein gE: internalization ... Although this process is primarily used by non-enveloped viruses, enveloped viruses may also use this. HIV is an example of an ... Payne, Susan (2017). "Virus Interactions With the Cell". Viruses: 23-25. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803109-4.00003-9. ISBN ...

Virus enters into susceptible cells by entry receptors such as nectin-1, HVEM and 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate. Infected people ... The virus interacts with the components and receptors of lipoproteins, which may lead to its development. Herpes is contracted ... Herpes simplex is a double-stranded DNA virus. Herpes simplex virus is divided into two types. However, each may cause ... Laboratory tests include culture of the virus, direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) studies to detect virus, skin biopsy, and ...

These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and ... Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are a part of the innate immune system used for recognizing invaders. In a viral infection ... a virus enters a cell, and it takes over the cell's machinery to self replicate. Once a virus has begun replication, the ... RIG-I is an ATP-dependent DExD/H box RNA helicase that is activated by immunostimulatory RNAs from viruses as well as RNAs of ...

... a second receptor found on the surface of CD4+ cells and macrophages, called a chemokine co-receptor CXCR4, another chemokine ... Entry inhibitors, also known as fusion inhibitors, are a class of antiviral drugs that prevent a virus from entering a cell, ... which both increases its affinity for a co-receptor and exposes gp41 The binding of gp120 to a co-receptor either CCR5 or CXCR4 ... There are several key proteins involved in the HIV entry process.[citation needed] CD4, a protein receptor found on the surface ...

... as the virus did not previously have that function. That type of experiment could then help reveal which parts of the virus's ... Connor, R. J.; Kawaoka, Y.; Webster, R. G.; Paulson, J. C. (1994-11-15). "Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 ... "H5N1 Hybrid Viruses Bearing 2009/H1N1 Virus Genes Transmit in Guinea Pigs by Respiratory Droplet". Science. 340 (6139): 1459- ... and also demonstrated that there was a linkage between transmissibility in avian viruses and lethality: while the virus had ...

"The receptors for gibbon ape leukemia virus and amphotropic murine leukemia virus are not downregulated in productively ... J, McKee; N, Clark; F, Shapter; G, Simmons (April 2017). "A New Look at the Origins of Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus". Virus Genes ... "Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island: new strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus". Journal of Virology. 29 (1): 395-400. doi: ... Viruses. 11 (6): 503. doi:10.3390/v11060503. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 6630418. PMID 31159230. "Feline Leukemia Virus". Cornell ...

"Identification of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a cellular receptor for rubella virus". Journal of Virology. 85 ( ...

"Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats". eLife. 4: e11785. doi: ... Ebola virus disease is caused by four of six viruses classified in the genus Ebolavirus. Of the four disease-causing viruses, ... Ebola virus (formerly and often still called the Zaire Ebola virus) is dangerous and is the virus responsible for the epidemic ... These people may be the people who can spread the virus better, but we still don't know that yet. A virus can change itself to ...

Replication of the virus is often confined to these cells and the progeny virus, in the form of new polyhedra are excreted in ... Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021. Zhou ... Cypovirus, short for cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and ...

The spikes binding to receptors on the Φ6 virion are formed by the protein P3. P4 is a nucleoside-triphosphatase which is ... existing bacterial virus and 2 archaeal virus species" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 29 ... "Virus taxonomy: sixth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses" (PDF). Archives of Virology. 10: 350-4. ... Double-stranded RNA viruses Murphy FA, Fauquet CM, Bishop DH, Ghabrial SA, Jarvis AW, Martelli GP, Mayo MA, Summers MD (1995 ...

"Different affinity windows for virus and cancer-specific T-cell receptors: Implications for therapeutic strategies". European ... ImmTACs are fusion proteins that combine an engineered T Cell Receptor (TCR) based targeting system with a single chain ... This picomolar affinity binding results in the diseased cells becoming coated in CD3 co-receptor specific scFv antibody ... ImmTACs (Immune mobilising monoclonal T-cell receptors Against Cancer) are a class of bispecific biological drug being ...

B cell receptor) genes are not seen. The genome of the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is detected in many cases, along with a variety ... This disease has a strong association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but the true pathogenesis of this disease has yet to ... Park S, Ko YH (January 2014). "Epstein-Barr virus-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disorders". The Journal ... September 1994). "Epstein-Barr virus-associated natural killer-large granular lymphocyte leukemia". Hum. Pathol. 25 (9): 953-60 ...

Mariner JM, Lantz V, Waldmann TA, Azimi N (2001). "Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates IL-15R alpha gene ... Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor that in humans is encoded by the IL15RA gene ... Two of these subunits, CD122 and CD132, are shared with the receptor for IL-2, but IL-2 receptor has an additional subunit ( ... "IL-2 and IL-15 receptor alpha-subunits are coexpressed in a supramolecular receptor cluster in lipid rafts of T cells". Proc. ...

... and a single molecule of the immunophilin-like AH receptor-interacting protein, also known as hepatitis B virus X-associated ... The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (also known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans ... "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and orphan receptors COUP-TFI and ERRalpha1". Archives of ... Evidence that the dioxin receptor functionally belongs to a subclass of nuclear receptors which require hsp90 both for ligand ...

Capsid proteins define cellular receptor specificity and virus antigenicity. PV-1 is the most common form encountered in nature ... and allowing the virus to infect nervous tissue. The mutation rate in the virus is relatively high even for an RNA virus with a ... Virus is shed in the feces of infected individuals. In 95% of cases only a primary, transient presence of viremia (virus in the ... Medicine portal Viruses portal ICTVdb virus classification 2006 Home of Picornaviruses (latest updates of species, serotypes ...

Understanding how the interaction between virus and cell alters the viral particle and how virus entry is facilitated by the ... "Kinetic Analysis of the Effect of Poliovirus Receptor on Viral Uncoating: the Receptor as a Catalyst". Journal of Virology. 75 ... An element present within the virus RNA was hypothesized to govern viral tropism which tissues the virus infected. Newborn mice ... a liver specific virus, or coxsackievirus B3, a virus that infects the heart or meninges. Mice infected with any of these ...

... to host integrin entry receptors mediates internalization into the host cell by clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the virus and ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021. ... The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown, viroporins, and lysis. Human, mammals, and vertebrates serve as ... Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral fibers to the host CAR adhesion receptor. Subsequent binding of ...