... is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Its function is to release guanosine diphosphate, GDP, from the signaling ... "Derangement of Ras-Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 1 (Ras-GRF1) and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Dependent ... In this way, Ras-GRF1 has a key role in regulating the RAS signaling pathway. Ras-GRF1 mediates the activation of RAS via Ca2+ ... A Ras-GRF1/ERK pathway has also been found to affect the activity of LTP in medium spiny neuron (MSN) pathways. Ras-GRF1 ...

"Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... The product of this gene counteracts the mitogenic function of RAS because it can interact with RAS GAPs and RAF in a ... The most striking difference between RAP proteins and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is ... "A human protein selected for interference with Ras function interacts directly with Ras and competes with Raf1". Molecular and ...

2000). "RA-GEF, a novel Rap1A guanine nucleotide exchange factor containing a Ras/Rap1A-associating domain, is conserved ... Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as RAPGEF2 serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain ... "Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... "The guanine nucleotide exchange factor CNrasGEF activates ras in response to cAMP and cGMP". Curr. Biol. 10 (9): 555-8. doi: ...

Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF5 gene. Members of the RAS ... Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RAPGEF5, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to ... "Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... Ichiba T, Hoshi Y, Eto Y, Tajima N, Kuraishi Y (Oct 1999). "Characterization of GFR, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor ...

... is domain found in the CDC25 family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ras-like small GTPases. Ras ... Quilliam, LA; Khosravi-Far, R; Huff, SY; Der, CJ (1995). "Guanine nucleotide exchange factors: Activators of the Ras ... or also as guanine-nucleotide releasing (or exchange) factors (GRFs)). Proteins that act as GDS can be classified into at least ... "Guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor hSos1 binds to Grb2 and links receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras signalling". Nature. 363 ( ...

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RASGRP3, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to ... "Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... "Phorbol esters modulate the Ras exchange factor RasGRP3". Cancer Research. 61 (3): 943-9. PMID 11221888. Wiemann S, Weil B, ... Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASGRP3 gene. Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM ...

... is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which interacts with RAS proteins to phosphorylate GDP into GTP, or from an ... GTP binding can be catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors for RAS, and GTP hydrolysis can be accelerated by GTPase- ... March 2003). "Structural evidence for feedback activation by Ras.GTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS". Cell ... a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras that binds to GRB2". Science. 260 (5112): 1338-1343. Bibcode:1993Sci...260.1338C. ...

1993). "Human Sos1: a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras that binds to GRB2". Science. 260 (5112): 1338-43. Bibcode: ...

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor mediates Ras activation through the GDP-GTP exchange process. The active Ras protein ... In this pathway, recruitment of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor by the adaptor and docking proteins leads to activation of ... Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance ... the Ras/MAPK pathway and the PI3K/Akt pathway. The binding of NGF to TrkA also leads to the activation of PI 3-kinase, ras, and ...

1997). "Cloning and characterization of Ras-GRF2, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (3 ... 2002). "Dematin interacts with the Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ras-GRF2 and modulates mitogen-activated protein ... 2004). "Activation of H-Ras in the endoplasmic reticulum by the RasGRF family guanine nucleotide exchange factors" (PDF). Mol. ... Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASGRF2 gene. RAS (MIM 190020 ...

... the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for eukaryotic initiation factor 2. Sequence conservation between the alpha, beta and ... Henderson RA, Krissansen GW, Yong RY, Leung E, Watson JD, Dholakia JN (Dec 1994). "The delta-subunit of murine guanine ... 2005). "Decreased guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in eIF2B-mutated patients". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 12 (7): 561-6. ... Yang W, Hinnebusch AG (1996). "Identification of a regulatory subcomplex in the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B that ...

"Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... Ras-related protein Rap-2b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2B gene. RAP2B belongs to the Ras-related protein ... 2002). "Differential roles of Ras and Rap1 in growth factor-dependent activation of phospholipase C epsilon". Oncogene. 21 (53 ... The most striking difference between the RAP and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by ...

DAG recruits among other proteins the RAS guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( ... Ras can also be activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS which binds to the LAT signalosom. Ras then initiates ... RasGRP activates the small GTPase Ras by exchanging Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) bound to Ras against Guanosine triphosphate ( ... AP-1 then acts as transcription factor. Raf is activated via the second messenger DAG, SOS, and Ras. ...

"CrkL mediates Ras-dependent activation of the Raf/ERK pathway through the guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G in ... Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF1 gene. The protein encoded by ... Knudsen BS, Feller SM, Hanafusa H (Dec 1994). "Four proline-rich sequences of the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor C3G bind ... Kirsch KH, Georgescu MM, Hanafusa H (Oct 1998). "Direct binding of p130(Cas) to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G". ...

Epac2 functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras-like small GTPase Rap upon cAMP stimulation. Epac2 is ... Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (RAPGEF4), also known as exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) ... "Entrez Gene: RAPGEF4 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4". Kawasaki H, Springett GM, Mochizuki N, Toki S, Nakaya M, ... Zhong N, Zucker RS (Jan 2005). "cAMP acts on exchange protein activated by cAMP/cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange ...

Coat assembly is initiated when the cytosolic Ras GTPase Sar1 is activated by its guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. ... Sar1 resembles other Ras-family GTPases, with a core of six beta strands flanked by three alpha helices, and two flexible " ... For example, Erv29p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found to be necessary for packaging glycosylated pro-α-factor. Sec24 ... "switch domains". Unlike other Ras GTPases, Sar1 inserts into membranes via an N-terminal helix (rather than myristoylation or ...

... it is activated by Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors and can bind/activate some Ras protein effectors. M-Ras also weakly ... a Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor that serves as a downstream target of M-Ras". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 ... "Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ... "Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction ...

The process of exchanging the bound nucleotide is facilitated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase ... The balance between GEF and GAP activity determines the guanine nucleotide status of Ras, thereby regulating Ras activity. In ... which releases the nucleotide). Ras also binds a magnesium ion which helps to coordinate nucleotide binding. Ras proteins ... RRAS2 Mutations in the Ras family of proto-oncogenes (comprising H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras) are very common, being found in 20% to ...

It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as ... Lin Q, Yang W, Baird D, Feng Q, Cerione RA (November 2006). "Identification of a DOCK180-related guanine nucleotide exchange ... "In Vitro Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Activity of DHR‐2/DOCKER/CZH2 Domains". In vitro guanine nucleotide exchange activity of ... DOCK180-related Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor expressed predominantly in lymphocytes". FEBS Letters. 579 (5): 1039- ...

Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RASGRF1 gene. The ... protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene ... "Entrez Gene: Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1". Retrieved 2013-04-07. v t e (Articles with short ... The studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that the Ras-GEF activity of this protein in the brain can be activated by ...

... a deubiquitinating enzyme that interacts with the ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor CDC25(Mm)/Ras-GRF1". The Journal of ...

Formation of the Grb-2/Sos complex, also known as the RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex, results in ERK1/2 ... Mañes S, Mira E, Gómez-Mouton C, Zhao ZJ, Lacalle RA, Martínez-A C (April 1999). "Concerted activity of tyrosine phosphatase ... Craparo A, Freund R, Gustafson TA (April 1997). "14-3-3 (epsilon) interacts with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and ... IRS-1 integrates signalling from insulin receptor (InsR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and many other cytokine ...

... a Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor that serves as a downstream target of M-Ras". J Biol Chem. 276 (45): 42219-42225. doi: ... Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF6 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "Entrez Gene: RAPGEF6 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6". Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (2006). "Global, in ... 2003). "Characterisation of PDZ-GEFs, a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for Rap1 and Rap2". Biochim. ...

... a Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor that serves as a downstream target of M-Ras". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 ... a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for Rap1 and Rap2". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular ... Song C, Satoh T, Edamatsu H, Wu D, Tadano M, Gao X, Kataoka T (Nov 2002). "Differential roles of Ras and Rap1 in growth factor- ... Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2A gene. RAP2A is a member of the Ras-related ...

2001). "Identification and characterization of RA-GEF-2, a Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor that serves as a downstream ... 2003). "Characterisation of PDZ-GEFs, a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for Rap1 and Rap2". Biochim. ... of arfaptin 1 on guanine nucleotide-dependent activation of phospholipase D and cholera toxin by ADP-ribosylation factor". J. ... Wilson AL, Sheridan KM, Erdman RA, Maltese WA (1996). "Prenylation of a Rab1B mutant with altered GTPase activity is impaired ...

Ras and Rap are regulated by different sets of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, thus ... GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) regulate small GTPases, with GAPs promoting ... Rap1 (Ras-proximate-1 or Ras-related protein 1) is a small GTPase, which are small cytosolic proteins that act like cellular ... RIAM (Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule) is a broadly expressed adaptor protein that contains an RA (Ras association)-like ...

This protein also associates with the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS1 (son of sevenless homolog 1) through its N- ... The SH2 domain interacts with ligand-activated receptors for stem cell factor and erythropoietin, and facilitates the formation ... "Grap is a novel SH3-SH2-SH3 adaptor protein that couples tyrosine kinases to the Ras pathway". The Journal of Biological ... hints for the reverse signal transduction capacity of a death factor". FEBS Letters. 509 (2): 255-62. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01 ...

... family of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It contains a Ras exchange motif, a diacylglycerol-binding domain, and two ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP) ... RAS guanyl releasing protein 4 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RASGRP4 gene in chromosome 19. ... This protein was shown to activate H-Ras in a cation-dependent manner in vitro. Expression of this protein in myeloid cell ...

FGD1 encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that specifically activates Cdc42, a member of the Rho (Ras homology) ...

... and other guanine nucleotide exchange factors) act by binding Ras-GTPases and forcing them to release their bound nucleotide ( ... refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. The gene ... the Ras-GTPase quickly binds fresh guanine nucleotide from the cytosol. Since GTP is roughly ten times more abundant than GDP ... which bind to Ras and increase its catalytic rate by a factor of one thousand - in effect, increasing the rate at which Ras is ...