Its differentiation primordium cells are small and arranged closely. Early flower bud differentiation stage: The bud's basal ... Flower differentiation can take from only a few days (in annual plants) to 4-11 months (in fruit crops). The process is ... The inner buds differentiation region forms a rounded hump shape with a smooth tip. The bud meristem inner cells are separate ... Flower differentiation is a plant process by which the shoot apical meristem changes its anatomy to generate a flower or ...

The process by which the cells become specified differs between organisms. In terms of developmental commitment, a cell can ... There are two cells, the P1 cell and the AB cell. The P1 cell was able make all of its fated cells while the AB cell could only ... At the two cell stage, the anterior cell is the AB cell while the posterior cell is the P1 cell. The dorsal/ventral axis of the ... The P2 cell divides into P3 and C founder cells. The C founder cells give rise to muscle, skin, and neurons. The P3 cell ...

Cells start major differentiation processes, losing their totipotentiality. In most animals, a blastopore is formed at the ... expansion of one cell sheet over other cells[2] Ingression - migration of individual cells into the embryo (cells move with ... Cell division with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells that is the same size as the original zygote, is called ... The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, ...

Inhibiting this process disturbs cell differentiation processes and ossification. Interference with these receptors induce ... It also activates p21 which has a regulating role in the cell cycle. However, MCT administration inhibits this process via a ... MCT aggregates on and activates the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to trigger ... and damages pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In addition, MCT strengthens this effect by binding to the bone morphogenetic ...

It involves the process of differentiation into ependymal cells. Further classification types have come up but not yet approved ... Neuroblastomas are PNETS that involve the process of cell differentiation into neurons, while ganglioneuroblastomas are PNETs ... Those cells are usually neuroepithelial cells, stem cells destined to turn into glia or neurons. It can occur anywhere within ... Surgery can be used to remove mass affected by tumorous cells. The prognosis of the disease is more positive for adults than ...

The photoreceptor cells do not synapse directly onto ciliated cells or muscle cells but onto inter-neurons of a processing ... Damerval, T.; Guglielmi, G.; Houmard, J.; De Marsac, N. T. (1991). "Hormogonium Differentiation in the Cyanobacterium Calothrix ... Phototaxis is mediated by simple eyespots that consists of a pigment cell and a photoreceptor cell. The photoreceptor cell ... In every cell cycle, one daughter cell receives the anterior cilium and transforms it into a posterior one. The other daughter ...

This process is called differentiation, through epigenetic and regulatory alterations. The grouping of similar cells and ... in the somatic cell types than in the male germline cells. In female mice, somatic cells were also found to have a higher ... and that enhanced genetic integrity is a fundamental characteristic of germline cells. DNA repair processes can remove DNA ... cells, which usually give rise to the egg or sperm (or other gametes in other organisms). These somatic cells are diploid, ...

... cell differentiation, the process during which cells acquire individual characteristics; and cell death, a natural process in ... the process in which nerve cells divide to form new generations of cells; cell migration, the process in which nerve cells move ... Four main processes are responsible for the development of the nervous system: cell proliferation, ... specialized plate of cells on the surface of the embryo. Early in development, this plate of cells forms the neural tube, a ...

Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development and other life ... The cell diversity is originated by cell differentiation, which has been attributed to the activation of specific transcription ... The protein caspase DNase is an endonuclease involved in the cell apoptotic process that facilitates the DNA breakup. Cell ... such as skeletal muscle cell. Targeting of p21 promoter is responsible for inducing cell differentiation, which is promoted by ...

BRs have been shown to be involved in numerous plant processes: Promotion of cell expansion and cell elongation; work with ... It has an unclear role in cell division and cell wall regeneration. Promotion of vascular differentiation; BR signal ... Acceleration of senescence in dying tissue cultured cells; delayed senescence in BR mutants supports that this action may be ... BRs are perceived at the cell membrane by a co-receptor complex, comprising brassinosteroid insensitive-1 (BRI1) and BRI1- ...

... is the process by which organisms develop distinct germline and somatic cells. The development of ... There are three general types of cells: germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells. Germ cells lead to the production of gametes ... stem cell are undifferentiated cells which can develop into a specialized cell and are the earliest type of cell in a cell ... and fungi whose germ cells are derived from prior somatic cells as opposed to stem cells. The Weismann barrier is essential to ...

... begins the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cells with a neural fate by increasing their calcium ... Neuronatin expression functions not only in development, but other processes throughout the body. It also plays a direct and ... For example, expression in skin cells controls the differentiation of keratinocytes. ... This causes the cells to undergo apoptosis, thus leading to diabetes mellitus. Its effects on glycogen metabolism through the ...

For example, it regulates endometrial stromal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. These processes are all ... If deficient in XY mice, there is a delay in Sertoli cell differentiation. Moreover, there is delay in sex cord formation. ... These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate ... Furthermore, postnatal uterine differentiation is characterized by a reduction in gland numbers and the stratification of the ...

Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes more specialized. For stem cells, this usually occurs through several ... Stem cell self-renewal is an extremely important process that is a way for organisms to replace the cells that are no longer ... The process of self-renewal occurs because of the signals the cells receive from the environment and the things the cell ... red blood cells), megakaryocytes/platelets, mast cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, ...

"Epigenetic regulation of miR-184 by MBD1 governs neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation". Cell Stem Cell. 6 (5): ... a bodily process of cycling out old cells to make room for newer, healthier cells. These results point towards the stress of ... The ability to differentiate into glial cells is repressed in neural stem cells with a neuronal cell fate. This repression is ... Hu XL, Wang Y, Shen Q (April 2012). "Epigenetic control on cell fate choice in neural stem cells". Protein & Cell. 3 (4): 278- ...

"Cell-cell contacts trigger programmed necrosis and induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression". Cell Death and Differentiation. 11 (2 ... Nemosis is a process of cell activation and death in human fibroblasts. Initially discovered as programmed necrosis, the name ... This name was adopted for fibroblast activation based on its initiation by direct cell-cell interactions as opposed to ... Contacts between normal diploid fibroblasts induce cell activation leading to programmed cell death, PCD. This type of PCD has ...

"Hypoxia impairs cell fusion and differentiation process in human cytotrophoblast, in vitro". J. Cell. Physiol. 168 (2): 346-353 ... The HERV-W Env gene expressed in a vector was transfected into TELCeB6 cells, and TELac2 cells, to test for virus-cell and cell ... To do this they stained cells with anti-desmoplakin antibodies to reveal cell boundaries. As the cells differentiate into ... "Direct involvement of HERV-W Env glycoprotein in human trophoblast cell fusion and differentiation". Mol Cell Biol. 23 (10): ...

CD11b is also involved in the differentiation of osteoclasts, bone remodelling cells. Mac-1 is expressed in osteoclast ... This process is important for leukocyte recruitment into the site of inflammation. Moreover, there are other important ... Beside TLR signalling, CD11b also negatively regulates B cell receptor (BCR) signalling, and it suppresses T cell activation ... One of them are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are myeloid cells ...

... pluripotent stem cell state. It was thought that cellular differentiation can only be a unidirectional process. Therefore, non- ... fibroblast cells to myoblast cells, fibroblast cells to cardiomyocyte cells, fibroblast cells to neurons Cell replacement ... In 2006, he and his team generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from adult mouse fibroblasts. iPS cells closely ... These pluripotent cells are called iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells; they appeared with very low frequency. iPS cells can ...

Outlined below is the process that leads to cell and tissue differentiation. Maternal-effect genes help to define the anterior- ... Homeotic (Hox) genes use the 14 segments as pinpoints for specific types of cell differentiation and the histological ... which studies the genetic control of the development process (e.g. morphogens), its link to cell signalling, its roles in ... Galen described processes that played a role in furthering development of the embryo such as warming, drying, cooling, and ...

These processes include cell proliferation, differentiation, cellular movement and programmed cell death. Each cell in an ... two of which are by the combination of transcription factors the cells have and by the cell-cell interaction. Cells' fate ... If a cell is in a determined state, the cell's fate cannot be reversed or transformed. In general, this means that a cell ... Eur J Cell Biol 2010, 89:225-230. Lau, S.; Ehrismann, J.; Schlereth, A.; Takada, S.; Mayer, U.; Jürgens, G. (2010). "Cell-cell ...

IL-4 - Growth factor for activated B cells, resting T cells, and mast cells. IL-5 - Induces differentiation of activated B ... Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes. Growth factors typically act as signaling ... Activates T cells. IL-2 - T-cell growth factor. Stimulates IL-1 synthesis. Activates B-cells and NK cells. IL-3 - Stimulates ... cells and immune system cells (e.g., lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes). For the circulatory ...

... is processed by healthy mitochondria and released to trigger neuron differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause one ... Cell Death & Differentiation. 19 (8): 1308-16. doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.5. PMC 3392634. PMID 22301916. Valente EM, Abou-Sleiman PM ... Cell. 154 (4): 737-47. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.030. PMC 3950538. PMID 23953109. Osgerby L, Lai YC, Thornton PJ, Amalfitano J ... In December 2017, niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, was identified as a potent activator of PINK1 in cells and in neurons. ...

PP2A activity promotes the stem cells renewal ability during the differentiation process. When CRABP1 was knocked down the ... that induces apoptosis of cancer cells and lengthens the cell cycle of embryonic stem cells. ... CRABP1 is assumed to play an important role in retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and proliferation processes. It is ... CRABP1 activity can thus extend the cell cycle, e.g. in embryonic and neural stem cells. Knockout mice without CRABP1 showed ...

... a mitogen also involved in differentiation processes in mammalian cells". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 28 (5): 499-510. doi: ... linker for activation of T cells) required for recruitment and activation of signalling proteins in T cells". Biochem. J. 356 ( ... "Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras". Cell. 89 (3): 457-67 ... kinase pathway is a dominant growth factor-activated cell survival pathway in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells". Cancer Res ...

Under the agreement, the FDA oversees cell collection, cell banks, and cell growth and differentiation, while the USDA oversees ... The former entails inoculating and harvesting cells in a constant process so that there are always cells in the bioreactor. Fed ... Cellular agriculture requires cell lines, generally stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which have the potential ... In the cell differentiation phase, the cells may be seeded to a scaffold and so do not require the use of microcarriers. ...

... a mitogen also involved in differentiation processes in mammalian cells". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell ... This event triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling that, while cell type-specific, often promotes cell survival and cell ... and IGF-1R is believed to have roles in the differentiation of the cells and a key role in inhibiting apoptosis until weaning ... sensitizes small cell lung cancer cell lines to the effects of chemotherapy". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (4): 1563-71. doi: ...

In order to analyze the process of HDAC knockout mouse in detail, the knockout mice embryonic stem cells were used to generate ... LIF inhibits cell differentiation, and its removal allows the cell lines to go through cell differentiation. The cell lines ... In embryonic stem cells, DNMT1 depletion within the undifferentiated progenitor cell compartment led to cell cycle arrest, ... "Hematopoietic commitment during embryonic stem cell differentiation in culture". Molecular Cell Biology. 13 (1): 473-486. doi: ...

The fate of these cells is controlled by several factors that affect the differentiation process. The spatial location and ... Cerebral organoids can help to study cell migration. Neural glial cells cover a wide variety of neural cells, some of which ... temporal attributes of neural progenitor cells can influence if the cells form neurons or glial cells. Further differentiation ... the extent to which transposons might interact with a cell genome might differs on a cell to cell basis, which would create ...

"The HIV-1 vpr protein induces anoikis-resistance by modulating cell adhesion process and microfilament system assembly". Cell ... Death and Differentiation. 7 (1): 25-36. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400616. PMID 10713718. Liu Ax, Du W, Liu JP, Jessell TM, ... Wennerberg K, Der CJ (March 2004). "Rho-family GTPases: it's not only Rac and Rho (and I like it)". Journal of Cell Science. ... Liu JP, Jessell TM (December 1998). "A role for rhoB in the delamination of neural crest cells from the dorsal neural tube". ...

Human embryonic stem cells are able to undergo the process of differentiation into specific and relevant cells. To maintain the ... As these ones are finally activated, the cell differentiation starts normally. A recent study suggested that SON may be a novel ... It has been found that these proteins may regulate the hematopoietic cells differentiation. They have a specific job in ... SON plays an important role in the mRNA processing. Nevertheless, this process is still a little uncertain and this is why in a ...