They thus contain two alkene units, with the standard prefix di of systematic nomenclature. As a subunit of more complex ... Conjugated dienes are widely used as monomers in the polymer industry. Polyunsaturated fats are of interest to nutrition. ... The most heavily practiced reaction of alkenes, dienes included, is polymerization. 1,3-Butadiene is a precursor to rubber used ... This effect becomes more pronounced as more alkenes are involved to create greater stability. For example, deprotonation at ...

It is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching ... As a source of radicals, APS is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes. Commercially ... the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical. It is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine ... important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. In solution, the ...

They are obtained by a photochemical cycloaddition from cinnamic acid, where the two trans alkenes react head-to-head. Ten ... Truxillic acids, which are isomers of the truxinic acids Liebermann (1888). "Cinnamic acid polymers obtained from the minor ...

Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta received a Nobel Prize for their discovery of catalysts for the polymerization of alkenes. Alan J ... Polymer Polymer science Polymer physics Chemistry Polymer topology "The Macrogalleria: A Cyberwonderland of Polymer Fun". www. ... Often polymers are classified according to their origin: biopolymers synthetic polymers inorganic polymers Biopolymers are the ... Synthetic polymers may be divided into thermoplastic polymers and thermoset plastics. Thermoplastic polymers include ...

Polyketones, thermoplastic polymers, are formed by the copolymerisation of carbon monoxide and one or more alkenes (typically ... the energy barrier to inserting an alkene immediately following an alkene insertion is ~12 kJ mol−1 higher than barrier to ... a carbon monoxide insertion follows a carbon monoxide insertion or an alkene insertion follows an alkene insertion - these are ... the polymer chain is bound to the catalytic centre and grows by the sequential insertion of carbon monoxide and the alkene ...

Precursors to such polymers are the sulfones bisphenol S and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. Examples of sulfones in ... In the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction and the Julia olefination, sulfones are converted to alkenes by the elimination of sulfur ... Some polymers containing sulfone groups are useful engineering plastics. They exhibit high strength and resistance to oxidation ... ISBN 978-0-387-68354-6. Fink, Johannes (2008). High Performance Polymers. Norwich: William Andrew. ISBN 978-0-8155-1580-7. ...

... s are usually prepared by treatment of an alkene with a halogen, in the presence of water. The reaction is a form of ... Megatons of some chlorohydrins, e.g. propylene chlorohydrin, are produced annually as precursors to polymers. Halohydrins may ... "Addition Reactions of Alkenes". Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Travis W.Shaw ...

... and higher rings as well as polymers. Alkene metathesis Alkyne metathesis Vidal, V.; Theolier, A.; Thivolle-Cazat, J.; Basset, ...

... alkene). These ligands combine within the coordination sphere of the metal to form a polymer chain that is elongated by two ... mechanism in polymer chemistry is the main pathway for the formation of C-C bonds in the polymerization of alkenes. The ... The details of this mechanism can be used to explain the stereoregularity of the polymerisation of alkenes using Ziegler-Natta ... The coordination sphere of the metal ligands sterically influences which end of the propylene attaches to the growing polymer ...

... s are macromolecules synthesized from alkenes in which one or more hydrogens of the polymer were replaced by ... November 11, 1981 , 315-320 DOI:10.1021/bk-1981-0171.ch066 (Polymers, Polymer chemistry). ... A common example of a chloropolymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(dichlorophosphazene) which has a polymer formula of ( ... POLYCHLOROOLEFINS (PVC AND OTHER CHLOROPOLYMERS) Polymer Properties Database. Accessed 28 February 2019 Anil K. Bhowmick, ...

... a polymer made by polymerizing an alpha-olefin. An alpha-olefin (or α-olefin) is an alkene where the carbon-carbon double bond ... Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 37 (21): 3050-3064. Bibcode:1999JPoSB..37.3050B. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099- ... A polyolefin is a type of polymer with the general formula (CH2CHR)n where R is an alkyl group. They are usually derived from a ... The polymer's ability to crystallize to high degrees decreases with increasing content of defects. Low degrees of crystallinity ...

Trans-alkenes are about 1 kcal/mol more stable than cis-alkenes. An example of this effect is cis- vs trans-2-butene. The ... chain walking is an isomerization process that introduces branches into growing polymers.[citation needed] The trans isomer of ... Terminal alkenes isomerize to internal alkenes in the presence of metal catalysts. This process is employed in the Shell higher ... In certain kinds of alkene polymerization reactions, ...

The patent describes the reaction of the alkenes with excess maleic anhydride at 200 °C in an autoclave. The excess alkene is ... tar-like polymer residues was unproblematic. However, for later use in cleaners and detergents, clear (meaning polymer-free) ... such as the C22 alkene docos-11-en (by alkene metathesis from dodec-1-ene). Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides - and the ... The alkenes are obtained from the "cracked distillate", a distillate fraction with a high content of unsaturation formed by ...

Hydrogenation of castor oil saturates the alkenes, giving a waxy lubricant. Castor oil may be epoxidized by reacting the OH ... Transesterification followed by steam cracking gives undecylenic acid, a precursor to specialized polymer nylon 11, and ... "Castor oil as a platform for preparing bio-based chemicals and polymer materials". Green Materials. 10 (3): 99-109. doi:10.1680 ...

Müller's research focus is in the area of chemical engineering and spans the fields of organometallic and polymer chemistry to ... Apart from finding new catalysts for the hydroamination of alkenes and alkynes, Müller has also determined the X-ray crystal ... He has worked on the development of methods for the production of organic commodity chemicals and polymers, and has conducted ... Müller, T. E., Hultzsch, K. C., Yus, M., Foubelo, F., & Tada, M. (2008). Hydroamination: direct addition of amines to alkenes ...

This salt is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene- ...

In polymer chemistry, chain walking (CW) or chain running or chain migration is a mechanism that operates during some alkene ... Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 55 (15): 2440-2449. doi:10.1002/pola.28631. Azoulay, Jason D.; Rojas, ... in some cases made of stimuli-responsive polymers. CW occurs after the polymer chain has grown somewhat on the metal catalyst. ... Polymer. 52 (2): 275-281. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.029. Sokolohorskyj, Anatolij; Železník, Ondřej; Císařová, Ivana; Lenz, ...

It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene. It is a colorless flammable gas, and is of ... Polymer and chemical grade isobutylene is typically obtained by dehydrating tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) or catalytic ...

Sulfur has been proposed as a general agent in the diagenesis of isoprenoid alkenes to alkanes. A sulfur polymer (with sulfur ...

... which provides linear polymer with unsaturation in the polymer chain. There is enormous amount of catalytic processes involving ... Examples of copolymerization with alkene or carbon monoxide were also reported. The key step of this kind of ROP is string- ... ligand and an alkene. It is a subgroup of elimination reactions. Though less common and less understood than β-hydride ... Polymer International. 50 (11): 1223-1227. doi:10.1002/pi.769. Kim, Sunwook; Takeuchi, Daisuke; Osakada, Kohtaro (February 2002 ...

Wang, F.; Chen, C. (2019). "A Continuing Legend: The Brookhart-Type α-Diimine Nickel and Palladium Catalysts". Polymer ... are useful in the preparation of post-metallocene catalysts for the polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene and alkenes ...

Because of the double bonds, these 4-carbon alkenes can act as monomers in the formation of polymers, as well as having other ... Butene, also known as butylene, is an alkene with the formula C4H8. The word butene may refer to any of the individual ... 1,3-Butadiene Alkene Geilen, Frank M.A.; Stochniol, Guido; Peitz, Stephan; Schulte-Koerne, Ekkehard (2014). "Butenes". ... Butene can be used as the monomer for polybutene, but this polymer is more expensive than alternatives with shorter carbon ...

The tendency to homolyze is also exploited to modify polymers by grafting or visbreaking, or cross-link polymers to create a ... Dialkyl peroxides, e.g., dicumyl peroxide, are synthesized by addition of hydrogen peroxide to alkenes or by O-alkylation of ... The four-membered dioxetanes can be obtained by 2+2 cycloaddition of oxygen to alkenes. Organic peroxides are widely used to ... Relevant polymers include: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ...

Acrylate polymers are derived from but do not contain the acrylate group. The carboxyl group of acrylic acid can react with ... Additions to the alkene are called conjugate additions. One type of conjugate addition is the Michael addition, which is used ... In an α,β-unsaturated enone, the alkene is conjugated to the carbonyl group of the ketone. The simplest enone is methyl vinyl ... In an α,β-unsaturated enal, the alkene is conjugated to the carbonyl group of the aldehyde (formyl group). The simplest enal is ...

Generally acid-catalysis yields a sol where the polymer chains are randomly oriented and linear. In the base-mediated case ... TiIV and ZrIV alkoxides are also potential starting materials for Ziegler-Natta catalysts used in alkene polymerization[ ...

Kröhnke, C. (2016). "Polymer Stabilization". Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. doi:10.1016/B978- ... Sulfoxide undergo thermal elimination via an Ei mechanism to yield vinyl alkenes and sulfenic acids. CH3S(O)CH2CH2R → CH3SOH + ... Some parent sulfoxides are therefore marketed as antioxidant polymer stabilisers. Structures based on thiodipropionate esters ... European Polymer Journal. 11 (2): 161-167. doi:10.1016/0014-3057(75)90141-X. Calligaris M (2004). "Structure and Bonding in ...

In organic chemistry, a vinyl iodide (also known as an iodoalkene) functional group is an alkene with one or more iodide ... "X‐ray induced polymerization of vinyl iodide in solution." Journal of Polymer Science 62.174 (1962): S116-S118. Zhang, Xing, et ... This generally makes 2-iodo-1-alkenes or α-vinyl iodide by Markovnikov's rule. However, this reaction does not happen at good ... "An efficient cis-reduction of alkyne to alkene in the presence of a vinyl iodide: stereoselective synthesis of the C22-C31 ...

The modern solid and hashed wedges were introduced in the 1940s by Giulio Natta to represent the structure of high polymers, ... Skeletal formulae can depict cis and trans isomers of alkenes. Wavy single bonds are the standard way to represent unknown or ...

... and low molecular weight polymers which are used to enhance properties of waxes. SABIC and The Linde Group announce first ... Straight-chain terminal alkenes, also called linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO), are alkenes (olefins) ... distinguished from other alkenes with a similar molecular formula by being terminal alkenes, in which the double bond occurs at ...

... comes from the fact that its flash pyrolysis products are a characteristic homologous series of paired alkanes and alkenes, and ... The other and better-known polymer is cutin. Cutan is believed to be a hydrocarbon polymer, whereas cutin is a polyester, but ... v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Organic polymers, Plant anatomy, ... Plant physiology, Fossil fuels, All stub articles, Plant physiology stubs, Polymer stubs). ...

Main-chain polymers, Side-chain polymers, Star polymers, Crosslinked polymers, End-caped polymers. Fullerene is a relatively ... exhibits catalytic effect for hydrogenation of alkenes and can lead to the development of new catalytic systems and products. ( ... Fullerene polymers are potential candidates for establishing polymer circular economy. Depolymerizeable polymers are the hope ... Fullerene End-caped polymers Also incorrectly named "telechelic" polymers, but telechelic polymers have reactive functional end ...