One biological application is the study of DNA using radioactive phosphorus-32. In these experiments, stable phosphorus is ... Radiochemistry includes the study of both natural and man-made radioisotopes. All radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of ... Radiochemistry also includes the study of the behaviour of radioisotopes in the environment; for instance, a forest or grass ... the action of cosmic rays on the air is responsible for the formation of radioisotopes (such as 14C and 32P), the decay of ...

It has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic; it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously. At 100 ... It also has 35 radioisotopes, of which the longest-lived is 125Sb with a half-life of 2.75 years. In addition, 29 metastable ... Unlike oxides of phosphorus and arsenic, these oxides are amphoteric, do not form well-defined oxoacids, and react with acids ... Oxyhalides are more common for antimony than for arsenic and phosphorus. Antimony trioxide dissolves in concentrated acid to ...

Thermoelectric cooling Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator Radioisotope heater units Tiwari, Pratibha; Gupta, Nishu; Gupta ... The SiGe n-leg doped with boron and SiGe p-leg doped with phosphorus act as the intermediary between the heat source and ... A large array of SiGe thermocouples/unicouples form a thermopile that was incorporated into the design of radioisotope ... This material is used in the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that power Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Galileo, Ulysses, ...

Human application of the iodine radioisotopes required a more suitable radioisotope of iodine. Dr. Joseph Hamilton, a ... Hertz studied the application of radioactive phosphorus and the influences of hormones on cancer as displayed by isotope ... Hertz." In the early 21st century, there is a significant rise in the use of radioisotopes to diagnose and treat cancer, in a ... Roberts also devised a Geiger-Müller detector for quantifying the amount of the radioisotope of iodine present in the ...

... telluride (La3Te4) is considered to be applied in the field of radioisotope power system (nuclear power plant) due to ... phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon and arsenic. Lanthanum reacts slowly with water to form lanthanum(III) hydroxide, La(OH)3 ... Naturally occurring lanthanum is made up of two isotopes, the stable 139La and the primordial long-lived radioisotope 138La. ... "Nuclear Considerations for the Application of Lanthanum Telluride in Future Radioisotope Power Systems". 2019 IEEE Aerospace ...

Letter from A.H. Ward, Acting Director, Radioisotope and Health Physics Unit, University of Ghana at Legon to Dr Wilson, ... Dunn, E.; Ward, A. H. (1965). "The movement of 32 phosphorus - labelled dimethoate in the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao L." ... Ward, as head of the Radioisotopes and Health Physics Unit at Legon, estimated that Ghana needed approximately sixty "top-level ... The unit also used radioisotopes to track dimethoate in the commercially important cacao trees. In advance of the Gerboise ...

About 19 radioisotopes and 7 nuclear isomers, 233Cm to 251Cm, are known; none are stable. The longest half-lives are 15.6 ... Curium pnictides of the type CmX are known for nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. They can be prepared by reacting ... A more promising use of 242Cm is for making 238Pu, a better radioisotope for thermoelectric generators such as in heart ... They mostly emit α-particles; radioisotope thermoelectric generators can use the heat from this process, but this is hindered ...

The dark-blue phosphorus-containing heteropolymolybdate P[Mo12O40]3− is used for the spectroscopic detection of phosphorus. The ... It is a parent radioisotope to the short-lived gamma-emitting daughter radioisotope technetium-99m, a nuclear isomer used in ... Of the synthetic radioisotopes, the most stable is 93Mo, with a half-life of 4,000 years. The most common isotopic molybdenum ...

Twenty-four artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging in mass number from 40 to 65. The most stable of these ... Similar in size and charge to phosphorus(V), vanadium(V) also parallels its chemistry and crystallography. Orthovanadate VO3− 4 ... Abon, Michel; Volta, Jean-Claude (September 1997). "Vanadium phosphorus oxides for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride". ...

... and phosphorus-31 (31P). Fluorine and phosphorus are monoisotopic, with hydrogen nearly so. 1H NMR, 19F NMR and 31P NMR allow ... radioisotope. These elements are vanadium, rubidium, indium, lanthanum, europium, lutetium, and rhenium. Many units of ... These are aluminium, bismuth, caesium, cobalt, gold, manganese, phosphorus, scandium, sodium, terbium, and thorium. In nuclear ...

... quaternary structure radioisotope - radioisotopic labelling - Raman spectroscopy - random coil - Ras gene - Ras protein - ... phosphorus - phosphorylation - phosphoserine - phosphothreonine - phosphotyrosine - photobiology - photolysis - ...

The most stable bromine radioisotope is 77Br (t1/2 = 57.04 h). The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 79Br is electron ... However, reduction of bromine with red phosphorus is a more practical way to produce hydrogen bromide in the laboratory: 2 P + ...

The nitrogen cycle, the phosphorus cycle, the sulphur cycle and the carbon cycle all depend on microorganisms in one way or ... The measurement of biogeochemical process rates in nature was driven by the availability of radioisotopes beginning in the ... Differing from the nitrogen and carbon cycles, stable gaseous species are not created in the phosphorus cycle in the ... "Rhizosphere effect and water constraint jointly determined the roles of microorganism in soil phosphorus cycling in arid desert ...

Thirty-six radioisotopes have been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 169 to 205. The most stable of these is 195 Au with ... Unlike sulfur, phosphorus reacts directly with gold at elevated temperatures to produce gold phosphide (Au2P3). Gold readily ... Most of gold's radioisotopes with atomic masses below 197 decay by some combination of proton emission, α decay, and β+ decay. ... Only salts and radioisotopes of gold are of pharmacological value, since elemental (metallic) gold is inert to all chemicals it ...

Twenty-two radioisotopes have been characterized: the most stable, 60Co, has a half-life of 5.2714 years; 57Co has a half-life ... Because phosphorus is softer than nitrogen, phosphine ligands tend to feature the softer Co2+ and Co+, an example being tris( ... Cobalt-57 (Co-57 or 57Co) is a cobalt radioisotope most often used in medical tests, as a radiolabel for vitamin B12 uptake, ... Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and for the production of high-energy gamma ...

Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the heaviest being terbium-171 (with an atomic mass of 170.95330(86) u) ... Terbium combines with nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon and arsenic at elevated temperatures, ... and lightest being terbium-135 (exact mass unknown). The most stable synthetic radioisotopes of terbium are terbium-158, with a ...

Phosphorus is highly volatile at high temperatures and may explode, thus the heating rate has to be kept well below 1 °C/min. A ... All remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than 2 days, and most these have half-life less than 48 seconds. ... The radioisotope samarium-153 is the active component of the drug samarium (153Sm) lexidronam (Quadramet), which kills cancer ... It can be prepared by annealing at 1,100 °C (2,010 °F) an evacuated quartz ampoule containing mixed powders of phosphorus and ...

It also combines with nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon, and arsenic at elevated temperatures, ... and one radioisotope, 152Gd, with the isotope 158Gd being the most abundant (24.8% natural abundance). The predicted double ... Thirty-three radioisotopes of gadolinium have been observed, with the most stable being 152Gd (naturally occurring), with a ... to ensure that nuclear-medicine imaging systems operate correctly and produce useful images of radioisotope distribution inside ...

When enriched in radioisotopes, such as 137CsCl or 131CsCl, caesium chloride is used in nuclear medicine applications such as ... heating CsCl with calcium in vacuum in presence of phosphorus - was first reported in 1905 by the French chemist M. L. ... In the production of radioactive sources, it is normal to choose a chemical form of the radioisotope which would not be readily ... This is a drawback for its radioactive form which urges a search for less chemically mobile radioisotope materials. Commercial ...

This assertion was validated by Rudolf Schoenheimer's work with radioisotopes as tracers in 1937. This in turn would pave the ... While EC 2.7 includes enzymes that transfer phosphorus-containing groups, it also includes nuclotidyl transferases as well. Sub ...

Another 30 artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized, the most stable of which are 181W with a half-life of ... The inclusion of a different atom such as phosphorus in place of the two central hydrogens in metatungstate produces a wide ... and one very long-lived radioisotope, 180W. Theoretically, all five can decay into isotopes of element 72 (hafnium) by alpha ...

"Mars Exploration: Radioisotope Power and Heating for Mars Surface Exploration" (PDF). NASA/JPL. April 18, 2006. Archived from ... phosphorus, and sulfur) (3) Identify features that may represent the effects of biological processes (biosignatures) Geological ... is powered by a multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), and communicates in both X band and UHF bands. ...

... which keeps the remains of people who died having radioisotopes in their body. In a 1975 study of the eighteen people who ... although surgeons assumed that Stevens had received radioactive phosphorus for "special studies." While at the hospital, "both ...

They were the first scientists to measure the 23-minute half life of the synthetic radioisotope uranium-239 and to establish ... and found that this results in a short-lived radioactive isotope of phosphorus. They noted that positron emission continued ...

Traces of 40 K are found in all potassium, and it is the most common radioisotope in the human body. Potassium ions are vital ... The body has about as much potassium as sulfur and chlorine, and only calcium and phosphorus are more abundant (with the ... 40 K is the radioisotope with the largest abundance in the human body. In healthy animals and people, 40 K represents the ...

Strontium-90 is suitable as a fuel for a radioisotope thermoelectric generator and has been extracted from spent nuclear fuel ... Beneficial uses of the treated excreta may focus on using the plant-available nutrients (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and ... ". "An Overview of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators". "Food Irradiation". "Waste and Biomass Valorization , Volumes and ...

All of the elements have some isotopes that are radioactive (radioisotopes), although not all of these radioisotopes occur ... for phosphorus, the reference state is white phosphorus even though it is not the most stable allotrope. In thermochemistry, an ... The radioisotopes typically decay into other elements upon radiating an alpha or beta particle. If an element has isotopes that ... Phosphorus, cobalt, and platinum were isolated before 1750. Most of the remaining naturally occurring chemical elements were ...

The radioisotope 16N is the dominant radionuclide in the coolant of pressurised water reactors or boiling water reactors during ... By the same token, however, the complexity of the phosphorus oxoacids finds no echo with nitrogen. Setting aside their ... Given the half-life difference, 13N is the most important nitrogen radioisotope, being relatively long-lived enough to use in ... Anhydrous nitric acid may be made by distilling concentrated nitric acid with phosphorus pentoxide at low pressure in glass ...

At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68 Ge ... Germanium crystals are also used in X-ray spectrometers for the determination of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur. Germanium is ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61 Ge and 64 Ge decay by β+ delayed proton emission. 84 Ge through ...

Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are generators that produce electricity from the decay of radioactive isotopes, such as ... phosphorus, and sulfur) Identify features that may represent the effects of biological processes (biosignatures and ... "Mars Exploration: Radioisotope Power and Heating for Mars Surface Exploration" (PDF). NASA/JPL. April 18, 2006. Archived from ... "Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG)" (PDF). NASA/JPL. October 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on ...

... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon difluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... Mitchell Peter Debye pH phases of matter Phenacite phenol phenyl Phlogopite Phosphorite Phosphorus Phosphoric acid Phthalates ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...

Phosphorus and antimony oxides and their reaction products can be formed from some fire retardant additives, increasing smoke ... Deposited hot particles of radioactive fallout and bioaccumulated radioisotopes can be reintroduced into the atmosphere by ... Phosphorus-based and halogen-based flame retardants decrease production of smoke. Higher degree of cross-linking between the ...

Some bacteria use phosphonates as a phosphorus source for growth. Aminophosphonates can also be used as sole nitrogen source by ... Chelators for Copper Radioisotopes with Fast Complexation". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (12): 8432-8443. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem. ... Phosphonates feature tetrahedral phosphorus centers. They are structurally closely related to (and often prepared from) ... "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic," in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008. doi:10.1002/ ...

The exotic atom muonium (symbol Mu), composed of an antimuon and an electron, can also be considered a light radioisotope of ... but the symbol P is already in use for phosphorus and thus is not available for protium. In its nomenclatural guidelines, the ...

NASA is developing a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator in which the thermocouples would be made of ... a group V element or a pnictogen such as phosphorus, antimony, or arsenic. These materials exhibit ZT>1.0 and can potentially ... C and are therefore used in some radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) (notably the MHW-RTG and GPHS-RTG) and some other ...

Here is a list of radioisotopes formed by the action of cosmic rays; the list also contains the production mode of the isotope ... Some of these radionuclides are tritium, carbon-14 and phosphorus-32. Certain light (low atomic number) primordial nuclides ( ...

The bones were cremated and the ashes analyzed for radioisotopes. This project was kept secret primarily because it would be a ... The amount of radioactive phosphorus-32 injected into some of the patients, 500 microcuries (19 MBq), was 50 times the " ... The mixtures contained radioactive iron and the researchers were determining how fast the radioisotope crossed into the ... which keeps the remains of people who died with radioisotopes in their body. Three patients at Billings Hospital at the ...

The most stable artificial radioisotope is barium-133 with a half-life of approximately 10.51 years. Five other isotopes have ... phosphorus, silicon, and hydrogen, are generally exothermic and proceed upon heating.: 2-3 Reactions with water and alcohols ...