... is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first ... Thus, phorbol ester exposure can show a wide range of results. The main results of phorbol exposure are tumor promotion and ... While phorbol itself does not have irritant activity, nearly all phorbol esters are highly irritant, with a wide range of half- ... TPA and other phorbol esters can also be used to induce tumor formation and elucidate its mechanism. Some phorbol esters such ...

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a phorbol ester receptor. Phorbol esters can stimulate PKC in a similar way to diglycerides. Phorbol ... Plants that contain phorbol esters are often poisonous. Goel, G; Makkar, H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: ... Phorbol esters are a class of chemical compounds found in a variety of plants, particularly in the families Euphorbiaceae and ... Evans, Gerald A.; Farrar, William L. (1998-01-01), "Phorbol Esters", in Delves, Peter J. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Immunology ( ...

The enzyme phorbol-diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.51) catalyzes the reaction phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ... Shoyab M, Warren TC, Todaro GJ (1981). "Isolation and characterization of an ester hydrolase active on phorbol diesters from ... Other names in common use include diacylphorbate 12-hydrolase, diacylphorbate 12-hydrolase, phorbol-12,13-diester 12-ester ... rightleftharpoons } phorbol 13-butanoate + butanoate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting ...

... (PDBu) is a phorbol ester which is one of the constituents of croton oil. As an activator of protein ... Blumberg PM, Delclos KB, Dunn JA, Jaken S, Leach KL, Yeh E (1983). "Phorbol ester receptors and the in vitro effects of tumor ...

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMAIP1 gene, and is also known ... "Entrez Gene: PMAIP1 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1". Oda E, Ohki R, Murasawa H, Nemoto J, Shibue T, ... Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141682 - Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed Reference:". ... "Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA for a novel phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-responsive gene that is highly ...

They also contain carcinogenic phorbol. Despite this, the seeds are occasionally eaten after roasting, which reduces some of ...

C1 domains and phorbol esters. C2 domains bind phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine or PtdIns(3,4)P2 or PtdIns(4,5)P2. ...

... is a phorbol ester which, along with other related compounds, acts as a protein kinase C regulator. The ... In 2022, the Wender group reported an efficient semi-synthesis of tigilanol tiglate from phorbol (12% overall yield over 12 ... 8. The synthesis of phorbol". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 111 (24): 8957-8958. doi:10.1021/ja00206a050. Wender PA ...

... as well as the analogous phorbol esters. Phorbol esters can directly stimulate protein kinase C, PKC. Phorbol esters (such as ... Kikkawa U, Nishizuka Y, Igarashi K, Fujii T, Ono Y, Kuno T, Tanaka C (1989). "Phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C ... DAG activates a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, collectively known as protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol esters can ... C1 domain (also known as phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain) binds an important secondary messenger diacylglycerol ( ...

Effects of epinephrine and phorbol esters". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1783 (5): 695-712. ...

Kawamura, Shuhei; Chu, Hang; Felding, Jakob; Baran, Phil S. (2016). "Nineteen-step total synthesis of (+)-phorbol". Nature. 532 ... phorbol by Phil Baran. In addition to using a rhodium catalyst, this synthesis features an intramolecular cyclization that ...

Phorbol has been isolated from the latex of this perennial plant. "Euphorbia franckiana A.Berger". Plants of the World Online. ... Kinghorn, A.D. & Evans, F.J. (1975). Isolation of phorbol from Euphorbia franckiana. Phytochemistry Feb 1975, 14(2) p. 585-586 ...

Chang ZF, Lee HH (March 2006). "RhoA signaling in phorbol ester-induced apoptosis". Journal of Biomedical Science. 13 (2): 173- ...

320-21: Section "Diterpenes", subsection "Phorbol Esters". Goel, G; Makkar, H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol ... both families having a number of genera producing phorbol esters. It is interesting to note, in this context, that Chinese ...

Frings W, Dreier J, Sorg C (August 2002). "Only the soluble form of the scavenger receptor CD163 acts inhibitory on phorbol ... Högger P, Sorg C (November 2001). "Soluble CD163 inhibits phorbol ester-induced lymphocyte proliferation". Biochemical and ...

It contains phorbol esters, which are considered toxic. However, edible (non-toxic) varieties native to Mexico also exist, ... Although it is known as a toxic plant due to the presence of diterpenes named phorbol esters, the existence of edible non-toxic ... The process for analysis of phorbol ester contents in J. curcas is done through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ... Goel, Gunjan; Makkar, Harinder P. S.; Francis, George; Becker, Klaus (30 November 2016). "Phorbol Esters: Structure, Biological ...

Lorenzo PS, Kung JW, Bottorff DA, Garfield SH, Stone JC, Blumberg PM (Feb 2001). "Phorbol esters modulate the Ras exchange ... "A vascular gene trap screen defines RasGRP3 as an angiogenesis-regulated gene required for the endothelial response to phorbol ... "PKCdelta associates with and is involved in the phosphorylation of RasGRP3 in response to phorbol esters". Molecular ... "PKCdelta associates with and is involved in the phosphorylation of RasGRP3 in response to phorbol esters". Molecular ...

Duncan RR, Betz A, Shipston MJ, Brose N, Chow RH (1999). "Transient, phorbol ester-induced DOC2-Munc13 interactions in vivo". J ...

The poisonous ingredients have been identified as phorbol esters. It is very toxic to domesticated animals such as, horses, ...

see External links below). Goel, G; Makkar, H. P.; Francis, G; Becker, K (2007). "Phorbol esters: Structure, biological ... containing phorbol esters which, as the name suggests, are also common in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. Daphne is grown ( ...

It is not activated by phorbol esters or diacylglycerol. This kinase can be recruited to vesicle tubular clusters (VTCs) by ... Chowdhury IH, Koyanagi Y, Kobayashi S, Hamamoto Y, Yoshiyama H, Yoshida T, Yamamoto N (May 1990). "The phorbol ester TPA ...

Duncan RR, Betz A, Shipston MJ, Brose N, Chow RH (1999). "Transient, phorbol ester-induced DOC2-Munc13 interactions in vivo". J ...

"Activation of human neutrophils by electronically transmitted phorbol-myristate acetate". Medical Hypotheses. 54 (1): 33-39. ... "Activation of Human Eurtrophils by Electronically Transmitted Phorbol-Myristate Acetate". Medical Hypotheses. 54 (1): 33-39. ...

"Activation of human neutrophils by electronically transmitted phorbol-myristate acetate". Medical Hypotheses. 54 (1): 33-39. ...

... is the source of the chemical compound phorbol. Tumor promotion activity was traced to phorbol esters present in ... Pure phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate which is found in croton oil is now used widely in laboratory research to induce tumor ... E. Hecker (1967-01-31). "Phorbol esters from croton oil: Chemical nature and biological activities". Naturwissenschaften. 54 ( ...

"Activation of human neutrophils by electronically transmitted phorbol-myristate acetate". Medical Hypotheses. 54 (1): 33-39. ... "Activation of Human Eurtrophils by Electronically Transmitted Phorbol-Myristate Acetate". Medical Hypotheses. 54 (1): 33-39. ...

April 2002). "Activation of TRPV4 channels (hVRL-2/mTRP12) by phorbol derivatives". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 ( ...

Phorbol myristate acetate Tumor initiation Tumor progression Compton C (2020). "Cancer initiation, promotion, and progression ...

... that was stimulated by phorbol ester led Leach to the realization that the phorbol estrogen receptor she was studying was in ... Leach, K.L., James, M.L. and Blumberg, P.M. Characterization of a specific phorbol ester apo-receptor in mouse brain cytosol. ... Leach, K.L. and Blumberg, P.M. Modulation of protein kinase C activity and [3H] phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding by various ... Leach, K. L.; James, M. L.; Blumberg, P. M. (1983-07-01). "Characterization of a specific phorbol ester aporeceptor in mouse ...

Blumberg, Peter M. (1988). "Protein Kinase C as the Receptor for the Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters: Sixth Rhoads Memorial Award ... Diacylglycerol can be mimicked by the tumor-promoting compounds phorbol esters. In addition to activating PKC, diacylglycerol ...