Lloyd D. Fricker (24 July 1991). Peptide biosynthesis and processing. CRC Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8493-8852-1. Retrieved 25 ... Corticotropin-Like+Intermediate+Lobe+Peptide at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Genes on ... Chastrette N, Cespuglio R, Lin YL, Jouvet M (February 1990). "Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat ... Marshall JB, Kapcala LP, Manning LD, McCullough AJ (November 1984). "Effect of corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide on ...
Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Biosynthesis. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1401. pp. 3-29. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939- ... forms a peptide bond). A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). The hydrolysis of peptide bonds in ... Peptides and proteins are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (and sometimes by a few isopeptide bonds). ... However, not all peptide groups have the same effect on folding; nonnative isomers of other peptide groups may not affect ...
Maksimov, Mikhail O.; Pan, Si Jia; James Link, A. (2012). "Lasso peptides: structure, function, biosynthesis, and engineering ... In particular, in case of lasso peptides, the motif allows to act like a plug for specific NTP-uptake channels. On the other ... Subclass of complex lasso proteins are Lasso peptides in which the loop is formed by post-translational amide bridge. Complex ... Most of the complex lasso proteins have a disulfide-based loop, however, the amide-based (lasso peptides) and ester-based ...
Eipper BA, Stoffers DA, Mains RE (1992). "The biosynthesis of neuropeptides: peptide alpha-amidation". Annual Review of ... The biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in vertebrates starts with the formation of UDP-glucuronic acid. UDP-glucuronic acid is ... During biosynthesis, ascorbate acts as a reducing agent, donating electrons and preventing oxidation to keep iron and copper ... This increases peptide hormone stability and activity. From the U.S. National Institutes of Health: [In humans] "Approximately ...
This domain catalyses a condensation reaction to form peptide bonds in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. It is usually found ... Stachelhaus T, Mootz HD, Bergendahl V, Marahiel MA (August 1998). "Peptide bond formation in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis ... In molecular biology, the condensation domain is a protein domain found in many multi-domain enzymes which synthesise peptide ...
Costa E, Mocchetti I, Supattapone S, Snyder SH (July 1987). "Opioid peptide biosynthesis: enzymatic selectivity and regulatory ... Vats ID, Chaudhary S, Karar J, Nath M, Pasha Q, Pasha S (October 2009). "Endogenous peptide: Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, ... endogenous opioid peptide that has opioid effects of a relatively short duration. It is one of the two forms of enkephalin, the ... its cleavage generates four copies of met-enkephalin peptides at once. In addition, anabolism of proenkephalin A results in the ...
Kopp F, Marahiel MA (August 2007). "Macrocyclization strategies in polyketide and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Nat Prod ... Its biosynthesis is via an enzymatic assembly consisting of 3 peptide synthetase proteins, TycA, TycB, and TycC, which contain ... Use of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) allowed the incorporation of a diverse array of monomers into the peptide chain. ... Elongation of the peptide chain is achieved through condensation of the upstream PCP onto an adjacent downstream PCP-bound ...
Kopp F, Marahiel MA (2007). "Macrocyclization strategies in polyketide and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Nat Prod Rep. 24 ... They are part of a broader class of molecules called nonribosomal peptides. They are produced in nature by Gram-positive ... August 2005). "Resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin requires myristoylation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella ... April 2003). "Isolation, structural characterization, and properties of mattacin (polymyxin M), a cyclic peptide antibiotic ...
"Cyanobacterial peptides - Nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 30 (4): 530-563. doi:10.1111/j. ... Peptide T - N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine ... These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanita ... Teprotide - A man-made nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is exactly the same as the peptide from the ...
Martin Welker; Hans Von Döhren (2006). "Cyanobacterial peptides - Nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis". FEMS Microbiology ... The production of cyanopeptolins occurs through nonribosomal peptides synthases (NRPS). CPs are, in general, a six-residue ... Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L. (March 2019). "Cyanobacterial peptides beyond microcystins - A review on co-occurrence, toxicity, and ... Cyanobacteria, and toxin production (The New York Times) (Peptides, Cyanotoxins). ...
"Ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms". Peptide Science. 94 (5): 659-664. doi:10.1002/bip. ... Phalloidin was one of the first cyclic peptides to be discovered. It was isolated from the death cap mushroom and crystallized ... After translation, the peptide must be proteolyticly excised, cyclized, hydroxylated, Trp-Cys cross-linked to form ... Essentially, it follows typical small peptide synthesis, using hydroxyl-proline. The major difficulty in synthesis is the ...
Stindl A, Keller U (May 1993). "The initiation of peptide formation in the biosynthesis of actinomycin". The Journal of ... The biosynthesis of Actinomycin D has been under investigation since its discovery; early fermentation feeding experiments ... Shafer RH, Formica JV, Delfini C, Brown SC, Mirau PA (December 1982). "Biosynthesis and characterization of [15N]actinomycin D ... Stindl A, Keller U (August 1994). "Epimerization of the D-valine portion in the biosynthesis of actinomycin D". Biochemistry. ...
"Crosslinking studies of protein-protein interactions in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis". Chem. Biol. 16 (4): 372-81. doi: ... For example, the development of peptide biosensors-peptides containing incorporated fluorophores improved temporal resolution ... "Catalytic promiscuity in the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide secondary metabolites in planktonic marine cyanobacteria". ... Samples for proteomics often contain many peptide sequences and the sequence of interest may be highly represented or of low ...
"Biosynthesis of the modified peptide antibiotic nosiheptide in Streptomyces actuosus". Journal of the American Chemical Society ... a sulfur-containing peptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces actuosus 40037". Experientia. 36 (4): 414-6. doi:10.1007/ ...
"Ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms". Biopolymers. 94 (5): 659-664. doi:10.1002/bip.21416 ... Mycotoxins found in Basidiomycota, Tryptamines, Cyclic peptides). ...
Du L, Shen B; Shen (March 2001). "Biosynthesis of hybrid peptide-polyketide natural products". Current Opinion in Drug ... renal peptides, respiratory peptides, opioid peptides, neurotrophic peptides, and blood-brain peptides. Some ribosomal peptides ... fungal peptides, invertebrate peptides, amphibian/skin peptides, venom peptides, cancer/anticancer peptides, vaccine peptides, ... immune/inflammatory peptides, brain peptides, endocrine peptides, ingestive peptides, gastrointestinal peptides, cardiovascular ...
The three peptide syntheses are located at the start of the region of the bacterial genome linked with antibiotic biosynthesis ... June 1996). "The multiple carrier model of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis at modular multienzymatic templates". The Journal ... "X-domain of peptide synthetases recruits oxygenases crucial for glycopeptide biosynthesis". Nature. 521 (7550): 105-9. Bibcode: ... Nonribosomal peptide synthesis occurs through distinct modules that can load and extend the protein by one amino acid per ...
... biosynthesis begins with the translation of a 50 amino acid precursor peptide consisting of a 37 amino acid leader ... 1993). "Biosynthesis of the Modified Peptide Antibiotic Nosiheptide in Streptomyces actuosus". Journal of the American Chemical ... 2009). "Nosiheptide Biosynthesis Featuring a Unique Indole Side Ring Formation on the Characteristic Thiopeptide Framework". ... The translation and modification of the precursor peptide is undertaken by several enzymes encoded in a localized gene cluster ...
"Understanding the early stages of peptide formation during the biosynthesis of teicoplanin and related glycopeptide antibiotics ... "X-domain of peptide synthetases recruits oxygenases crucial for glycopeptide biosynthesis". Nature. 521 (7550): 105-109. ... These structures possess a common aglycone, or core, consisting of seven amino acids bound by peptide and ether bonds to form a ... The origin of these seven amino acids in the biosynthesis of teicoplanin was studied by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. ...
"Thiazole and oxazole peptides: Biosynthesis and molecular machinery". Natural Product Reports. 16 (2): 249-263. doi:10.1039/ ...
Protein biosynthesis (long peptides) in living organisms occurs in the opposite direction. The chemical synthesis of peptides ... Chemical peptide synthesis most commonly starts at the carboxyl end of the peptide (C-terminus), and proceeds toward the amino- ... The first protected peptide was synthesised by Theodor Curtius in 1882 and the first free peptide was synthesised by Emil ... The crude peptide can be purified using reversed-phase HPLC. The purification process, especially of longer peptides can be ...
CPE is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The production of neuropeptides and peptide ... although for many peptides the action of the proprotein convertases and CPE is sufficient to produce the bioactive peptide. ... For some peptides, additional processing steps, such as C-terminal amidation, are subsequently required to generate the ... It does that by cleaving off basic C-terminal amino acids, producing the active form of the peptide. Products of ...
"Sex-peptide activates juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the Drosophila melanogaster corpus allatum". Archives of Insect ... The toll pathway was identified by its regulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including the antifungal peptide drosomycin ... Sex peptide perturbs this homeostasis and dramatically shifts the endocrine state of the female by inciting juvenile hormone ... Sensory neurons in the uterus of female D. melanogaster respond to a male protein, sex peptide, which is found in semen. This ...
Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Microcystin-LR (i.e. X = leucine, Z ... Kaebernick, M; Dittmann, E; Börner, T; Neilan, BA (February 2002). "Multiple alternate transcripts direct the biosynthesis of ... Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Cyanobacteria can produce ... "Hepatotoxic cyanobacterial peptides in Estonian freshwater bodies and inshore marine water". Proceedings of the Estonian ...
August 2006). "Total biosynthesis of antitumor nonribosomal peptides in Escherichia coli". Nature Chemical Biology. 2 (8): 423- ... Echinomycin is a peptide antibiotic. It is a dimer of two peptides creating a cyclic structure. It contains a bicyclic aromatic ... The biosynthesis of echinomycin starts with molecule QC. L-tryptophan is the precursor for QC and its biosynthesis parallels ... Echinomycin is a bis-intercalator peptide and is biosynthesized by a unique nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Echinomycin ...
... may refer to: Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone, a bacterial peptide Glucosidase, beta; acid, pseudogene, a ...
"Biosynthesis of the modified peptide antibiotic thiostrepton in Streptomyces azureus and Streptomyces laurentii". Journal of ...
"A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases". ... This study focused on the construction, modeling, and dynamic simulation of PVD biosynthesis, a virulence factor, through a ... Cendrowski S, MacArthur W, Hanna P (January 2004). "Bacillus anthracis requires siderophore biosynthesis for growth in ... Many siderophores are nonribosomal peptides, although several are biosynthesised independently. Siderophores are also important ...
Challis GL (2005). "A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide ... de Lorenzo V, Bindereif A, Paw BH, Neilands JB (1986). "Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV-K30 in ... peptide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is citrate:N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine ligase (ADP-forming). ...
"A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases". ... de Lorenzo V, Bindereif A, Paw BH, Neilands JB (February 1986). "Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV- ...