He made an essential contribution to clarify the complicated biosynthesis of branched-chain monosaccharides (hamamelose, apiose ... Kandler, Otto; Hopf, Herbert (1980). "Occurrence, metabolism and function of oligosaccharides". In Jack Preiss (ed.). The ... As a result, they suggested comparative cell wall chemistry as a marker for the deep branches in the phylogenetic tree of ... In his reply Kandler also mentioned that methanogens and halophiles may be "ancient relics" that have branched off from the ...

These carbohydrates branch off of polypeptide chains in the form of oligosaccharides including N-acetylgalactosamine, N- ... The serine and threonine hydroxyl groups link to the polypeptide chains via O-glycosidic linkages. Mucins interact with ...

Hybrid oligosaccharides contain a mannose residues on one side of the branch, while on the other side a N-acetylglucosamine ... The oligosaccharide chain is then extended through the addition of various sugar molecules in a stepwise manner to form a ... precursor oligosaccharide En bloc transfer of precursor oligosaccharide to protein Processing of the oligosaccharide Synthesis ... Subsequent processing and modification of the oligosaccharide chain are carried out in the Golgi apparatus. The synthesis of ...

... and established that they existed as both branched and linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. Her research group were the ... She studied the ability of animal lectins to bind to oligosaccharides. Her interest in both the structure and recognition of ... Feizi created the neoglycolipid (NGL)-based oligosaccharide microarray system, which allowed her to explore the whole spectrum ... Fukui, Shigeyuki; Feizi, Ten; Galustian, Christine; Lawson, Alexander M.; Chai, Wengang (3 September 2002). "Oligosaccharide ...

These backbone chains can be unbranched (containing one linear chain) or branched (containing multiple chains). The glycosidic ... The polymers can be classified into oligosaccharides (up to 10 residues) and polysaccharides (up to about 50,000 residues). The ... IUPAC definition Main chain or Backbone That linear chain to which all other chains, long or short or both, may be regarded as ... Note: Where two or more chains could equally be considered to be the main chain, that one is selected which leads to the ...

... and the existence of the branched-chain sugars all contribute to the amazing complexity of the oligosaccharide structures. The ... Oligosaccharides can be formed by a small number of monosaccharides linked together. Higher oligosaccharides are called ... Therefore, the oligosaccharide synthesis becomes more and more important in studying biological activities. Oligosaccharides ... This concept is illustrated by an oligosaccharide synthesis in Scheme 1. Oligosaccharide synthesis normally consists of four ...

This clustering allows for binding of multivalent, branched ligands such as high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides. It has been ... The N-terminal cysteine-rich domain is homologous to the ricin B chain and binds to sulphated sugar moieties, with particularly ... These include lysosomal enzymes, collagen α-chains, C-terminal propeptides of type I pro-collagens, and tissue plasminogen ... whose cyclic side chain is fairly rigid and favours a conformation in which the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain is extended as ...

... terms designating the branches should be listed in square brackets, with the longest linear chain (the parent chain) written ... An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide ... 6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside In the case of branched oligosaccharides, meaning that the structure contains at least one ... The parent chain contains only one type of monosaccharide and should be listed last with the ending "-an", and the other types ...

... oligosaccharides, branched-chain MeSH D09.698.629.802 - trisaccharides MeSH D09.698.629.802.100 - acarbose MeSH D09.698.629.802 ... polyisoprenyl phosphate oligosaccharides The list continues at List of MeSH codes (D10). (Wikipedia articles in need of ...

... or long-chain oligosaccharides There are various mechanisms for glycosylation, although most share several common features: ... Glycan composition-the types of sugars that are linked to a given protein Glycan structure-can be unbranched or branched chains ... C-linked glycans, a rare form of glycosylation where a sugar is added to a carbon on a tryptophan side-chain. Aloin is one of ... There are different enzymes to remove the glycans from the proteins or remove some part of the sugar chain. α2-3,6,8,9- ...

... side-branches located at the C-6 position of glucose along the (1→3)-linked backbone chain. The chemical structure of ... Prebiotics such as the (1→3)-linked gluco-oligosaccharides are emerging as nutraceuticals for inclusion in foods. ... a branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-glucan with single glucose repeat branches (frequency of 18%), and a glycogen-like (1→4)(1→6)-α-glucan ... The degree of branching of the family of botryosphaerans varies from 21 to 31%. depending upon the carbohydrate source in the ...

... is mainly a straight-chain polymer, with a small amount of branching. The component sugars are β-(1→4)-linked D- ... D-mannose chains. This specific combination of various functionalities involves mannan oligosaccharides-protein conjugates and ... Mannan oligosaccharides-protein conjugates are involved in interactions with the animal's immune system and as result enhance ... There are two main locations of mannan oligosaccharides in the surface area of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. They can be ...

... and higher branched oligosaccharides. Depending on production method, the structure of the IMO molecules can vary significantly ... Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) is a mixture of short-chain carbohydrates which has a digestion-resistant property. IMO is found ... In this respect, fermentable oligosaccharides may be considered prebiotics. The oligosaccharides in IMO mixtures are, at least ... linkages between glucose moieties and forming Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO). The majority of oligosaccharides found in IMO ...

These oligosaccharide chains are similar to the type II chains of the ABO blood system, with a single bond in a different ... No type 1 oligosaccharide is found on RBCs. Unbranched type 1 and 2 oligosaccharides represent i antigen. Branched type 1 and 2 ... In neonates, i antigen oligosaccharides predominate (high in cord blood samples). Oligosaccharide branching increases with age ... so the type I oligosaccharide chain is mostly converted into Le-b instead of Le-a. Therefore, people with readily detectable ...

Ability to form branching chains of cells, known as pseudohyphae is also sometimes said to be associated with virulence, though ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts: Vegemite, Marmite, Cenovis, Guinness Yeast Extract, mannan oligosaccharides, pgg-glucan, ... C that are added to the food or feed chain in viable form must, as to be qualified presumably safe, show no resistance to ...

... refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds that are made up of varying numbers of ... Dolichols function as a membrane anchor for the formation of the oligosaccharide Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2 (where Glc is glucose, Man ... In addition, dolichols can be adducted to proteins as a posttranslational modification, a process in which branched ... of newly forming polypeptide chains. Dolichol is also involved in transfer of the monosaccharides to the forming Glc3-Man9- ...

... branching). Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to 17 glucose units long. ... Maltodextrin is an oligosaccharide that is used as a food ingredient. It is produced from grain starch by partial hydrolysis ... The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, the higher the sweetness, the higher the solubility, and the lower the ... Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α( ...

Once transferred to the protein chain, the oligosaccharide is trimmed by specific glycosidases. This process is vital since the ... Not all structures are fully modified, some remain as high-mannose structures, others as hybrids (one unmodified Man branch and ... Types include: Type II disorders involve malfunctioning trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide chain. Types ... All N-linked oligosaccharides originate from a common lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) precursor, synthesized in the ER on a ...

Polylactosamine chains on O-linked glycans are often capped by the addition of a sialic acid residue (similar to neuraminic ... Glycans can be homo- or heteropolymers of monosaccharide residues, and can be linear or branched. Glycans can be found attached ... Hase S, Ikenaka T, Matsushima Y (November 1978). "Structure analyses of oligosaccharides by tagging of the reducing end sugars ... N-Linked glycans are attached in the endoplasmic reticulum to the nitrogen (N) in the side chain of asparagine (Asn) in the ...

When a long chain of mannan is hydrolyzed into shorter chains, these smaller molecules are known as mannan oligosaccharide (MOS ... They are often branched (unlike cellulose). Plant mannans have β(1-4) linkages, occasionally with α(1-6) galactose branches, ... Many mannans are acetylated and some from marine sources, have sulfate esters side chains. Yeast and some plants such as conjac ... Alfa mannan degradation Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) Moreira, L. R. S.; Filho, E. X. F. (2008). "An overview of mannan ...

... (or Core-OS) is a short chain of sugar residues within Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Core-OS are ... Other hexose are often found attached to the outer core, branching from the main oligomer. LPS that include lipid A and a ... complete core oligosaccharide (inner and outer) is referred to as "rough LPS." The enzymes involved in core oligosaccharide ... Pseudomonas aeruginosa has some unique enzymes.: 273 The mechanism whereby the core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide ...

Quaternary structure is an attribute of polymeric (same-sequence chains) or heteromeric (different-sequence chains) proteins ... They are generally large and often have a complex branched connectivity. Because of their size, polysaccharides are not water- ... Shorter polysaccharides, with 3 to 10 monomers, are called oligosaccharides. A fluorescent indicator-displacement molecular ... The spiral has about 3.6 amino acids per turn, and the amino acid side chains stick out from the cylinder of the helix. Beta ...

Chain extension then occurs primarily in the GA. For those AGPs that include a GPI anchor, addition occurs while co- ... Recently, it was reported that interaction with Yariv was not detected for β-1,6-galacto-oligosaccharides of any length. Yariv ... with branches (between one and three residues long) of (1,6)-linked β-D-Galp. In most cases, the Gal residues terminate with α- ... Three members of GT14 named GlcAT14A, GlcAT14B, and GlcAT14C were reported to add GlcA to both β-1,6- and β-1,3-Gal chains in ...

... as a macromolecular chain transfer agent. RAFT mediated growth of the PHPMA chains will graft from the BSA-RAFT, and increase ... Using branched carbohydrates can give unique biological properties while maintaining molecular definition. Although covalent ... Other polymers, such as oligosaccharides and polypeptides, offer different properties to the enzymes attached to them. ... Attaching a single polymer chain to a specific site away from the active center of the protein has less impact on protein ...

... as can the branching patterns of the chain. This generates an extraordinary amount of variability between molecules of heparin ... They include oligosaccharides and sulfated polysaccharides of plant, animal, or synthetic origin. Multiple scientific studies ... Linhardt, Robert J.; Toida, Toshihiko (1997). "Heparin oligosaccharides: New analogues development and applications" (PDF). In ... side chains or mucins bound to the heparin polymer, so it is possible that heparinoids interact with these proteins in a ...

Holeček M (August 2020). "Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Branched-Chain Keto Acids in Hyperammonemic States: Metabolism and as ... Carbohydrates are usually present, often in a mix of simple sugars like glucose and more complex oligosaccharides such as ... Branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine are commonly used for their muscle fueling properties and relief of ... The improvement in muscle recovery is associated with the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) found in pre-workout, particularly ...

... meaning that they can react with other monosaccharides to form a longer chain of monosaccharides called an oligosaccharide. ... ISBN 0-12-007226-2. Ernst, C.; Piacenza, M.; Grimme, S.; Klaffke, W. (2003). "Epoxidation of C-branched glycals: unexpected ... "A Strategy for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides". Science. 260 (5112): 1307-1309. Bibcode:1993Sci...260.1307D. doi ...

... the carbon chains themselves may be branched or unbranched. The most commonly encountered sugars are monosaccharides like ... and oligosaccharide moieties biosynthesized on soybean tissues. Soyasaponins were previously associated to plant-microbe ... In some cases other substituents are present, such as carbon chains bearing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Such chain structures ... the base structure may be an acyclic carbon chain rather than the ring structure typical of steroids. One or two (rarely three ...

... s with a short chain length are known as fructooligosaccharides. Fructans can be found in over 12% of the angiosperms ... 1 short branch), (d) inulin neoseries (like inulin but one glucose unit between two fructose moieties), and (e) levan neoseries ... "Multifunctional fructans and raffinose family oligosaccharides". Frontiers in Plant Science. 4: 247. doi:10.3389/fpls. ...

Abnormal branching of N-linked glycans has been observed in certain cancer cells. Altered glycosylation of N-linked glycans in ... Recent studies of cancer immunotherapy are based on the immunogenicity of truncated O-glycan chains (e.g., Tn, sTn, T, and sLea ... The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide pathway ( ... 6-branching. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172269 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032123 - ...

Oligosaccharides are linear or branched chains of monosaccharides attached to one another via glycosidic linkages. The number ... Hase S, Ikenaka T, Matsushima Y (November 1978). "Structure analyses of oligosaccharides by tagging of the reducing end sugars ... Schulz, BL; Packer NH, NH; Karlsson, NG (Dec 2002). "Small-scale analysis of O-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins and ... Ruhaak LR, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M (May 2009). "Oligosaccharide analysis by graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass ...

Glycogen is composed of a branched chain of glucose residues. It is stored in liver and muscles.[citation needed] It is an ... or oligosaccharides). They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as ... Polysaccharides can be a straight chain of monosaccharides known as linear polysaccharides, or it can be branched known as a ... and Amylopectin is a branched molecule made of several thousand glucose units (every chain of 24-30 glucose units is one unit ...

They can be joined in one long linear chain, or they may be branched. Two of the most common polysaccharides are cellulose and ... When a few (around three to six) monosaccharides are joined, it is called an oligosaccharide (oligo- meaning "few"). These ... Antibodies are composed of heavy and light chains. Two heavy chains would be linked to two light chains through disulfide ... A monosaccharide can switch between acyclic (open-chain) form and a cyclic form. The open-chain form can be turned into a ring ...

... proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains Gutta-percha, used in ... a branch of multiple objective programming Grandparent post, a reference to the message two levels up in a threaded message ...

... taking advantage of neopullulase's ability to catalyze hydrolysis of branched oligosaccharides' alpha-1-6-glucosidic linkages. ... the functional difference arises from a difference in transition state stabilization energy contributions from the side chains ... 4-alpha-D-glucan branching enzyme (also known as glycogen branching enzyme). Like these enzymes, each monomer contains an ... Kuriki, T; Yanase, M; Takata, H; Takesada, Y; Imanaka, T; Okada, S (1993). "A new way of producing isomalto-oligosaccharide ...