... and include peptide nucleic acid, morpholino- and locked nucleic acid, glycol nucleic acid, and threose nucleic acid. Each of ... Nucleic Acids Research journal Nucleic Acids Book (free online book on the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids) ... This gives nucleic acids directionality, and the ends of nucleic acid molecules are referred to as 5'-end and 3'-end. The ... The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the ...

Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ... occurs when half of the double-stranded nucleic acid has dissociated. If no additional nucleic acids are present, then [A], [B ... elegantly describe the thermodynamic parameters for forming double-stranded nucleic acid AB from single-stranded nucleic acids ... In general, the free energy of forming a nucleic acid duplex is Δ G 37 ∘ ( t o t a l ) = Δ G 37 ∘ ( i n i t i a t i o n s ...

DNA supercoil Gene structure Non-helical models of DNA structure Nucleic acid design Nucleic acid double helix Nucleic acid ... Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very ... Nucleic acid structure prediction (computational) Nucleic acid thermodynamics Protein structure Satellite DNA Triple-stranded ... A nucleic acid sequence is the order of nucleotides within a DNA (GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule that is determined by a series ...

"Nucleic Acid Hybridizations". DNA - Basics of Structure and Analysis. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Beckman, Mary. "Hybridization". ... Felsenfeld, G; Miles, HT (1967). "The physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 36: ... In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ... ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable ...

Threose nucleic acid (TNA) Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) Locked nucleic acid (Locked nucleic acid) Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) FANA ... Xeno nucleic acids (XNA) are synthetic nucleic acid analogues that have a different sugar backbone than the natural nucleic ... XNA may also act as highly specific molecular probes for detection of nucleic acid target sequence. Nucleic acid analogue ... Types of synthetic XNA created so far include: 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleic acid (HNA) Cyclohexene nucleic acid (CeNA) ...

One example of an ambigraphic nucleic acid notation is AmbiScript, a rationally designed nucleic acid notations that combined ... "Nomenclature for Incompletely Specified Bases in Nucleic Acid Sequences". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (9): 3021-3030. doi: ... "The practical and pedagogical advantages of an ambigraphic nucleic acid notation". Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. 25 ... "Nomenclature for incompletely specified bases in nucleic acid sequences: recommendations 1984". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (9 ...

... (GNA), sometimes also referred to as glycerol nucleic acid, is a nucleic acid similar to DNA or RNA but ... Abiogenesis Locked nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide nucleic acid Threose nucleic acid Zhang L, Peritz A, Meggers ... Schlegel MK, Essen LO, Meggers E (July 2008). "Duplex structure of a minimal nucleic acid". Journal of the American Chemical ... Zhang L, Peritz A, Meggers E (March 2005). "A simple glycol nucleic acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (12): ...

A nucleic acid test (NAT) is a technique used to detect a particular nucleic acid sequence and thus usually to detect and ... Nucleic acid tests use a "probe" which is a long strand with a short strand stuck to it. The long primer strand has a ... The probes function robustly from 10 °C to 37 °C, from 1 mM to 47 mM, and with nucleic acid concentrations from 1 nM to 5 M. ... Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) strands with corresponding sequences stick together in pairwise chains, zipping up like Velcro ...

C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) with nuclease-resistance and high affinity for RNA". Nucleic Acids Research. Supplement ... "Locked Nucleic Acids: Synthesis and Characterization of LNA-T Diol". Locked Nucleic Acids: Synthesis and Characterization of ... A bridged nucleic acid (BNA) is a modified RNA nucleotide. They are sometimes also referred to as constrained or inaccessible ... Obika, Satoshi; Hari, Yoshiyuki; Sekiguchi, Mitsuaki; Imanishi, Takeshi (2001). "A 2′,4′-Bridged Nucleic Acid Containing 2- ...

Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA), threose nucleic acid (TNA) and hexitol nucleic ... locked nucleic acid (LNA) or bridged nucleic acid (BNA), morpholino, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA). Although these ... RNA may be too complex to be the first nucleic acid, so before the RNA world several simpler nucleic acids that differ in the ... Wang Q, Chen L, Long Y, Tian H, Wu J (2013). "Molecular beacons of xeno-nucleic acid for detecting nucleic acid". Theranostics ...

Abiogenesis Glycol nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide nucleic acid Synthetic biology Xeno nucleic acid Xenobiology ... Nucleic Acids Res., (2019). Orgel, L. E. A simpler nucleic acid. Science 290, 1306-1307, (2000). Liu, L. S. et al. alpha-l- ... A Simpler Nucleic Acid, Leslie Orgel (Nucleic acids, Polymers). ... Threose nucleic acid (TNA) is an artificial genetic polymer in ... Nucleic Acids Res. 46, 8057-8068, (2018). Pinheiro, V. B. et al. Synthetic genetic polymers capable of heredity and evolution. ...

... is the process of generating a set of nucleic acid base sequences that will associate into a desired ... Thus, in nucleic acids the sequence determines the pattern of binding and thus the overall structure. Nucleic acid design is ... Nucleic acid design encompasses all levels of nucleic acid structure: Primary structure-the raw sequence of nucleobases of each ... Nucleic acid design can be considered the inverse of nucleic acid structure prediction. In structure prediction, the structure ...

... is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1974 by the Oxford University Press. ... "Nucleic Acids Research". 2021 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2021. Official website ... The journal covers research on nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, and related work. According to the Journal Citation Reports ...

Nucleic acid methods are the techniques used to study nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA extraction Phenol-chloroform extraction ... Protocols for Recombinant DNA Isolation, Cloning, and Sequencing (Genetics techniques, Molecular biology, Nucleic acids). ... spectroscopic nucleic acid quantitation Absolute abundance in number: real-time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative PCR) ... "A universal molecular translator for non-nucleic acid targets that enables dynamic DNA assemblies and logic operations". Chem. ...

... (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. Synthetic peptide nucleic acid ... Clicked peptide polymer Glycol nucleic acid Oligonucleotide synthesis Peptide synthesis Threose nucleic acid Nielsen PE, Egholm ... Zhao XL, Chen BC, Han JC, Wei L, Pan XB (November 2015). "Delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates ... Wittung P, Nielsen PE, Buchardt O, Egholm M, Nordén B (April 1994). "DNA-like double helix formed by peptide nucleic acid". ...

Nucleic Acids Book (free online book on the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids) Interactive overview of nucleic acid ... Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/ ... Degradation of nucleic acids is a catabolic reaction and the resulting parts of the nucleotides or nucleobases can be salvaged ... Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotide synthesis ...

The "A260 unit" is used as a quantity measure for nucleic acids. One A260 unit is the amount of nucleic acid contained in 1 mL ... 280 ratio in a nucleic acid solution. 260:280 ratio has high sensitivity for nucleic acid contamination in protein: 260:280 ... units to nucleic acid concentration conversion factors are used to convert OD to concentration of unknown nucleic acid samples ... Reactions that use nucleic acids often require particular amounts and purity for optimum performance. To date, there are two ...

The sequence of nucleobases on a nucleic acid strand is translated by cell machinery into a sequence of amino acids making up a ... Biological deoxyribonucleic acid represents the information which directs the functions of an organism. Nucleic acids also have ... A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU ... Once a nucleic acid sequence has been obtained from an organism, it is stored in silico in digital format. Digital genetic ...

A nucleic acid inhibitor is a type of antibacterial that acts by inhibiting the production of nucleic acids. There are two ... Antifolates act primarily as inhibitors of both RNA and DNA, and are often grouped with nucleic acid inhibitors in textbooks. ... Nucleic acid inhibitor antibiotics, All stub articles, Antibiotic stubs). ... because tetrahydrofolate is also involved in the synthesis of amino acids serine and methionine), so they are sometimes ...

The SNA structure typically consists of two components: a nanoparticle core and a nucleic acid shell. The nucleic acid shell is ... it acts as a scaffold for the assembly and orientation of the nucleic acids. The nucleic acid shell imparts chemical and ... are desirable for the delivery of immunomodulatory nucleic acids. In particular, SNAs have been used deliver nucleic acids that ... Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures that consist of a densely packed, highly oriented arrangement of linear ...

A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA), and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified ... Kurreck, J. (2002-05-01). "Design of antisense oligonucleotides stabilized by locked nucleic acids". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 ... C-Ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) with nuclease-resistance and high affnity for RNA". Nucleic Acids Symposium Series. 1 (1 ... A locked nucleic acid phosphorothioate antisense molecule, termed SPC2996, has been developed to target the mRNA coding for Bcl ...

"Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity of G-quadruplexes comprising locked nucleic acids and intercalating nucleic acids". Nucleic Acids ... Twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA) is a nucleic acid molecule that, when added to triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs ... Géci, Imrich; Filichev, Vyacheslav V; Pedersen, Erik B (2006). "Synthesis of Twisted Intercalating Nucleic Acids Possessing ... "Purine twisted-intercalating nucleic acids: A new class of anti-gene molecules resistant to potassium-induced aggregation". ...

"Modeling Unusual Nucleic Acid Structures". Modeling unusual nucleic acid structures. In Molecular Modeling of Nucleic Acids. ... Nucleic acid structure prediction is a computational method to determine secondary and tertiary nucleic acid structure from its ... Zuker M (2003). "Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (13): 3406 ... Nucleic Acids Research, 32(Web Server issue), W142-145. Touzet H (2007). Comparative analysis of RNA genes: the caRNAc software ...

... refers to the interactions between separate nucleic acid molecules, or between nucleic acid ... In the case of nucleic acids, quaternary structure refers to interactions between multiple nucleic acid molecules or between ... nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic acid quaternary structure is important for understanding DNA, RNA, and gene expression ... The nucleic acid associations demonstrate the kissing loop motif. The three-dimensional folding motif known as the kissing loop ...

... is the three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer. RNA and DNA molecules are capable of ... Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). ... Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). ... The resurgence of RNA structural biology in the mid-1990s has caused a veritable explosion in the field of nucleic acid ...

... is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers. ... In a non-biological context, secondary structure is a vital consideration in the nucleic acid design of nucleic acid structures ... "Paradigms for computational nucleic acid design". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (4): 1392-1403. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh291. PMC 390280 ... The nucleic acid double helix is a spiral polymer, usually right-handed, containing two nucleotide strands which base pair ...

Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids is a monthly academic journal published by Taylor & Francis since 2000, continuing the ...

Nucleic acid templated chemistry (NATC), or DNA-templated chemistry, is a tool used in the controlled synthesis of chemical ... Pianowski Z, Gorska K, Oswald L, Merten CA, Winssinger N (May 2009). "Imaging of mRNA in live cells using nucleic acid- ... Gorska K, Huang KT, Chaloin O, Winssinger N (April 2009). "DNA-templated homo- and heterodimerization of peptide nucleic acid ... Franzini RM, Kool ET (November 2009). "Efficient nucleic acid detection by templated reductive quencher release". J Am Chem Soc ...

Nucleic acid NMR uses similar techniques as protein NMR, but has several differences. Nucleic acids have a smaller percentage ... Nucleic acid NMR is the use of NMR spectroscopy to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acid ... exploit the chemical properties of nucleic acids using specific reagents and conditions to assay the structure of nucleic acids ... CryoEM of nucleic acid has been done on ribosomes, viral RNA, and single-stranded RNA structures within viruses. These studies ...

Dickerson RE (1989). "Definitions and nomenclature of nucleic acid structure components". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (5): 1797-1803 ... nucleic acid simulation software DNA nanotechnology G-quadruplex Molecular models of DNA Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids ( ... Melting occurs preferentially at certain points in the nucleic acid. T and A rich regions are more easily melted than C and G ... Pauling L, Corey RB (Feb 1953). "A proposed structure for the nucleic acids". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 39 (2): 84-97. Bibcode: ...