Muscle spindles are found within the belly of a skeletal muscle. Muscle spindles are fusiform (spindle-shaped), and the ... The regular muscle fibers outside of the spindle are called extrafusal muscle fibers. Muscle spindles have a capsule of ... When a muscle is stretched, primary type Ia sensory fibers of the muscle spindle respond to both changes in muscle length and ... These activate the muscle fibres within the spindle. Gamma motor neurons supply only muscle fibres within the spindle, whereas ...

He contributed to a study demonstrating stochastic resonance in muscle spindles by showing that muscle spindle responses could ... Noise in human muscle spindles. Nature, 383(6603), 769-770. Merfeld, D. M., Zupan, L., & Peterka, R. J. (1999). Humans use ... "Noise in human muscle spindles". Nature. 383 (6603): 769-770. doi:10.1038/383769a0 - via www.nature.com. Merfeld, Daniel M.; ...

1996). "Noise in human muscle spindles". Nature. 383 (6603): 769-70. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..769C. doi:10.1038/383769a0. PMID ...

Muscle spindles contain mechanoreceptors that detect stretch in muscles. Somatic sensory receptors near the surface of the skin ... Examples of such tonic receptors are pain receptors, joint capsule, and muscle spindle. A phasic receptor is a sensory receptor ...

"Force encoding in muscle spindles during stretch of passive muscle". PLOS Computational Biology. 13 (9): e1005767. Bibcode: ... Poppele RE, Bowman RJ (January 1970). "Quantitative description of linear behavior of mammalian muscle spindles". Journal of ...

... muscle spindles are fully formed at birth. Muscle spindles continue to grow throughout post-natal development as muscles grow. ... muscle spindles, which are embedded in skeletal muscles, Golgi tendon organs, which lie at the interface of muscles and tendons ... showed that the muscle spindle firing rate is modeled better as tracking the force of the muscle, rather than the length. ... Primary endings of muscle spindles "respond to the size of a muscle length change and its speed" and "contribute both to the ...

Granit, R. and Henatsch, H. D. (1956). "Gamma control of dynamic properties of muscle spindles", J. Neurophysiol. 19, 356-366. ...

However, these nerves are important in keeping muscle spindles taut. Motor neural degeneration is the progressive weakening of ... Muscles begin to weaken as there are no longer any motor nerves or pathways that allows for muscle innervation. Motor neuron ... Beta motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles. These nerves are responsible for signaling slow twitch ... Motor nerve axon terminals innervate skeletal and smooth muscle, as they are heavily involved in muscle control. Motor nerves ...

Two types of sensory receptors found in muscles are muscle spindles, and Golgi tendon organs. Muscle spindles are stretch ... In skeletal muscles, muscle spindles convey information about the degree of muscle length and stretch to the central nervous ... The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle ... Deep muscles, superficial muscles, muscles of the face and internal muscles all correspond with dedicated regions in the ...

Muscle spindles monitor the length within muscles and send information via faster Ia afferents. These axons are larger and ... It carries proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs of ipsilateral part of trunk and lower limb ... Proprioceptive information is obtained by Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles. Golgi tendon organs consist of a fibrous ... conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum. It is part of the ...

This is because vibrations stimulate muscle spindles in the calf muscles. The muscle spindles alert the brain that the body is ... It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting ... and receives muscle fibers on its inner surface, particularly from the soleus muscle, almost to its lower end. Gradually ... Both muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve. Because the fibres of the tendon spiral about 90 degrees, fibres from the ...

This muscle has a very high density of Golgi organs and muscle spindles which accounts for this. It is believed that ... ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0. V, Kulkarni (2001-10-01). "Quantitative study of muscle spindles in suboccipital muscles of human ... The obliquus capitis inferior muscle (/əˈblaɪkwəs ˈkæpɪtɪs/) is a muscle in the upper back of the neck. It is one of the ... It acts together with the rectus capitis posterior major muscle. The muscle is responsible for rotation of the head and first ...

The ultrastructural features of the mammalian muscle spindle. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1971 Apr;30(2):155-95. doi: 10.1097/ ... A phase and electron microscopic study of dystrophic muscle. II. The pathological changes in the newborn Bar Harbor 129 ... and correctly predicted that the infantile and childhood forms of spinal muscular atrophy and of adult-onset proximal muscle ...

Soukup T (1976). "Intrafusal fibre types in rat limb muscle spindles: morphological and histochemical characteristics". ...

This information originates in proprioceptors (e.g. muscle spindles) in the face. Primary cell bodies are in the mesencephalic ...

Muscle spindles are a type of proprioceptor, and they are found inside the muscle itself. They lie parallel with the ... It is the sensory fiber of a stretch receptor called the muscle spindle found in muscles, which constantly monitors the rate at ... Intrafusal muscle fiber Type II sensory fiber Gamma motor neuron Beta motor neuron Proprioception Motor system Muscle Muscle ... This gives them the ability to monitor muscle length with precision. This change in length of the spindle is transduced ( ...

... muscle spindles would be very loose as the muscle contracts more. This does not allow for muscle spindles to detect a precise ... The nuclei of spindle muscle cells are located in the middle of these spindles, but unlike extrafusal muscle fibers, the ... The central nervous system controls muscle spindle sensitivity via the fusimotor system that consists of muscle spindles along ... muscle fibers outside of the muscle spindle). Gamma motor neurons, on the other hand, innervate only intrafusal muscle fibers ( ...

The femoral chordotonal organ is thought to be functionally homologous to muscle spindles. In the femoral chordotonal organ, ...

Tests in mice have indicated that BACE proteases, specifically BACE1, are necessary for the proper function of muscle spindles ... "Bace1 and Neuregulin-1 cooperate to control formation and maintenance of muscle spindles". EMBO Journal. 32 (14): 2015-28. doi: ...

Recordings from muscle spindle afferents indicate that the fusimotor system remains largely passive when the parent muscle is ... signal from muscle spindles remains efficient in monitoring large changes of muscle length without turning silent during muscle ... The most elaborate proprioceptive sense organ is the muscle spindle. It is unique because its functional state is continually ... Hagbarth, K-E; Vallbo ÅB (1968). "Discharge characteristics of human muscle afferents during muscle stretch and contraction". ...

"Chapter 1: The Muscle Spindle and the Central Nervous System". Neuromuscular Reeducation with Electromyometric Feedback (PDF). ... Extrafusal muscle fibers are not to be confused with intrafusal muscle fibers, which are innervated by sensory nerve endings in ... Extrafusal muscle fibers are the standard skeletal muscle fibers that are innervated by alpha motor neurons and generate ... Smith RS, Ovalle WK (October 1973). "Varieties of fast and slow extrafusal muscle fibres in amphibian hind limb muscles". ...

The convergence will stretch the extraocular muscles - the receptors for this are muscle spindles. As happens with the ... The kinesthetic sensations of the contracting and relaxing ciliary muscles (intraocular muscles) are sent to the visual cortex ... When humans try to focus on distant objects, the ciliary muscles stretch the eye lens, making it thinner, and hence changing ... monocular accommodation cue, kinesthetic sensations from these extraocular muscles also help in distance and depth perception. ...

"Position sensitivity of feline paraspinal muscle spindles to vertebral movement in the lumbar spine". Journal of ... This muscle is the innermost abdominal muscle. Its origin is the second sheet of the lumbodorsal fascia and the pelvic girdle ... Pectoantebrachialis muscle is just one-half-inch wide and is the most superficial in the pectoral muscles. Its origin is the ... The deltoid muscles lie just lateral to the trapezius muscles, originating from several fibers spanning the clavicle and ...

Some studies have found that it does not contain proprioceptive spindles to determine stretch. The chondroglossus muscle may be ... The chondroglossus muscle is a muscle of the tongue. It arises from the medial side of the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, ... Kubota, Kinziro; Negishi, Takayasu; Masegi, Toshiaki (1975). "Topological Distribution of Muscle Spindles in the Human Tongue ... Kubota, Kinziro; Negishi, Takayasu; Masegi, Toshiaki (1975). "Topological Distribution of Muscle Spindles in the Human Tongue ...

In each muscle, we have 10-100 tiny muscle-like pockets called muscle spindles. The type II fibers (aka secondary fibers) ... The typical innervation to muscle spindles consists of one type Ia fiber and 2 type II fibers. The type Ia fiber has " ... connect to nuclear chain fibers and static nuclear bag fibers in muscle spindles, but not to dynamic nuclear bag fibers. ... It is thought that the Ia fibers signal the degree of change in muscle movement, and the type II fibers signal the length of ...

Rabin, Ely; Andrew M. Gordon (1 March 2006). "Prior experience and current goals affect muscle-spindle and tactile integration ... It was originally manufactured for relieving tension and relaxing sore muscles, however, it is most known for its use as a sex ... They wrote that continued use of the Magic Wand on myofascial trigger points or tense areas of muscle could result in ... The stated use of the Magic Wand is the soothing and relaxing of sore muscles and nerves, relieving tension, and rehabilitation ...

The spindle cells are haphazardly arranged primitive, elongated skeletal muscle cells. The cells are set within a well- ... MYOD1 and muscle specific actin. They may also be positive with vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and Leu-7. However, the tumor ... The fetal type is thought to recapitulate immature skeletal muscle at about week six to ten of gestational development. Most ... The tumor cells may infiltrate into adjacent skeletal muscle or fat. It is not uncommon to see peri-neural association, ...

Muscle spindles in the chest wall signal the stretch and tension of the respiratory muscles. Thus, poor ventilation leading to ... Other respiratory muscles include the external and internal intercostal muscles, the abdominal muscles and the accessory ... Efferent signals are the motor neuronal signals descending to the respiratory muscles. The most important respiratory muscle is ... and muscle fatigue leading to ineffective respiratory muscle action could all contribute to a feeling of dyspnea. ...

30-100 Hz vibration activates receptors of the skin, tendons and, most importantly, muscle spindles. Muscle spindle discharges ... This reflex is caused by vibratory activation of muscle spindles - muscle receptors sensitive to stretch. Tonic vibration ... Lebedev MA, Polyakov AV (1992). "Analysis of surface EMG of human soleus muscle subjected to vibration". J Electromyogr ... The effects of sustained vibratory stimulation on muscle contraction, posture and kinesthetic perceptions are much more complex ...

Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with wide middles, and tapering ends. They have a single nucleus and range from 30 to ... The fusion of myoblasts is specific to skeletal muscle, and not cardiac muscle or smooth muscle. Myoblasts in skeletal muscle ... A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte) or a smooth muscle cell ... A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. Muscle cells (including myocytes ...