... the fluid mosaic model Models of abnormality#The biological (medical) model, the only model of psychological abnormalities not ... A biological model is an organism or system representing a more complex biological entity. It may refer to: a model organism, a ... representing complex in vivo systems a mathematical model of a biological system, e.g., the biological neuron model, a ... mathematical description of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system a scientific model of a biological system, e. ...
A challenge is the development of models that predict effects across biological scales. Ecotoxicology and models discusses some ... Most current models describe effects on one of many different levels of biological organization (e.g. organisms or populations ... Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. Computational systems biology ... Biological data visualization Biosimulation Gillespie algorithm Molecular modelling software Stochastic simulation Sometimes ...
... mechanistic models) to more pragmatic models (e.g., phenomenological models).[better source needed] Modeling helps to analyze ... Aims of neuron models Ultimately, biological neuron models aim to explain the mechanisms underlying the operation of the ... Biological neuron models, also known as a spiking neuron models, are mathematical descriptions of neurons. In particular, these ... The Galves-Löcherbach model is a stochastic neuron model closely related to the spike response model SRM0 and to the leaky ...
Today they continue to serve as an important model for normal human biology as well as pathological disease processes. Human ... The relatively large size of the chick as a model organism allowed scientists during this time to make these significant ... The chicken embryo is a unique model that overcomes many limitations to studying the biology of cancer in vivo. The ... Gordon, J. R.; Quigley, J. P. (1986). "Early spontaneous metastasis in the human epidermoid carcinoma HEp3/chick embryo model: ...
A number of different functions are used for dispersal kernels in theoretical models of dispersal including the negative ... Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site ... Therefore, biological dispersal is critical to the stability of ecosystems. Few species are ever evenly or randomly distributed ... Biological dispersal may be contrasted with geodispersal, which is the mixing of previously isolated populations (or whole ...
Its data was used in 1972 by the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation I committee to support the LNT model. However, it has ... The validity of the LNT model, however, is disputed, and other significant models exist: the threshold model, which assumes ... The LNT model has been contested by a number of scientists. It has been claimed that the early proponent of the model Hermann ... Whether the LNT model describes the reality for small-dose exposures is disputed, and challenges to the LNT model used by NRC ...
The conservation biologist faces info-gaps in using biological models. They use info-gap robustness curves to select among ... Sniedovich has shown that info-gap's robustness model is a simple stability radius model, namely a local stability model of the ... info-gap's robustness model is a Maximin model in disguise. More specifically, it is a simple instance of Wald's Maximin model ... in an info-gap robustness model does not necessarily alter the fact that this model is a Maximin model. For instance, consider ...
The theta model, or Ermentrout-Kopell canonical model, is a biological neuron model originally developed to mathematically ... The theta model is very similar to the QIF model since the theta model differs from the QIF model by means of a simple ... Biological neuron model Computational neuroscience FitzHugh-Nagumo model Hodgkin-Huxley model Neuroscience Kopell, N., ... Parabolic bursting models are mathematical models that mimic parabolic bursting in real biological systems. Each burst of a ...
Ecological Modelling. 198 (3-4): 515-519. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.021. Tisdell, Clem; Wilson, Clevo; Swarna Nantha, ... Biological Conservation. 123 (2): 237-248. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.11.012. Tisdell, Clem (15 October 2006). "Knowledge about ...
This article aims to provide an overview of the most definitive models of neuro-biological computation as well as the tools ... The FitzHugh-Nagumo model is a simplication of the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The Hindmarsh-Rose model is an extension which ... The most widely used models of information transfer in biological neurons are based on analogies with electrical circuits. The ... The soliton model is an alternative to the Hodgkin-Huxley model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and ...
Ding, Wen-Xing; Yin, Xiao-Ming (2012-07-01). "Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis". Biological ... Parkinson's disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models ... The pre-formed fibril model was developed as a way to study the propagation of α-synuclein. This model consists of injecting ... A limitation to the pre-formed fibril model is that although it is a widely used model, it lacks overt neurodegeneration. The ...
A common choice for the 'escape rate' f {\displaystyle f} (that is consistent with biological data) is f ( V − ϑ ) = 1 τ 0 exp ... Precursors of the Spike Response Model are the integrate-and-fire model introduced by Lapicque in 1907 as well as models used ... The spike response model (SRM) is a spiking neuron model in which spikes are generated by either a deterministic or a ... The Spike Response Model has been introduced in a series of papers between 1991 and 2000. The name Spike Response Model ...
page needed]Epilepsy as a Dynamic Disease, edited by J. Milton and P. Jung, Biological and Medical Physics series Springer, ... When time coarse-grained modeling is assumed the model simplifies, being the new equations of the model: τ d E ¯ d t = − E ... Cowan and extensions of the model have been widely used in modeling neuronal populations. The model is important historically ... The model was inspired as the neural analog of Rayleigh-Bénard convection cloud patterns in fluid thermodynamics. The Wilson- ...
Its formulation was motivated by the behavior of systems of chemical and biological oscillators, and it has found widespread ... The Kuramoto model (or Kuramoto-Daido model), first proposed by Yoshiki Kuramoto (蔵本 由紀, Kuramoto Yoshiki), is a mathematical ... There are a number of types of variations that can be applied to the original model presented above. Some models change to ... The topology on which the Kuramoto model is studied can be made adaptive by use of fitness model showing enhancement of ...
Biological Cybernetics. 51: 347-356. doi:10.1007/BF00336922. Kelso, J.A.S. (2008). "Haken-Kelso-Bunz model. Scholarpedia. , 3( ... In the HKB model ϕ is the relative phase or phase relation between the fingers. The parameter k in the model has a ... Excitator model Haken, H.; Kelso, J.A.S.; Bunz, H. (1985). "A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements". ... The HKB model has had a profound effect on many conceptual, methodological, and practical models since its inception. HKB has ...
Several popular empirical models are special cases of the DEB model, or very close numerical approximations. The theory ... M., Kooijman, S. A. L. (1993). Dynamic energy budgets in biological systems : theory and applications in ecotoxicology. ... Models based on DEB theory can be linked to more traditional bioenergetic models without deviating from the underlying ... The main advantage of the DEB-theory based model over most other models is its description of energy assimilation and ...
Biological neuron models GHK current equation Models of neural computation Saltatory conduction Bioelectronics Cable theory ... The simplest models of the action potential are the "flush and fill" models (also called "integrate-and-fire" models), in which ... Both types of models may be used to understand the behavior of small biological neural networks, such as the central pattern ... The FitzHugh-Nagumo model is a typical example of such a simplified system. Based on the tunnel diode, the FHN model has only ...
A model of interacting neural populations is specified, with a level of biological detail dependent on the hypotheses and ... The model(s) are fitted to the data to determine their evidence and parameters. Model comparison. The evidence for each model ... Neural Field Model (NFM). Extends the models above into the spatial domain, modelling continuous changes in current across the ... Conductance models: Neural Mass Model (NMM) and Mean-field model (MFM). These have the same arrangement of neural populations ...
2005). Modeling in the Neurosciences: from Biological Systems to Neuromimetic Robotics. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor & Francis. ... its complexity has inspired several even-more-simplified models, such as the Morris-Lecar model and the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, ... Kepler TB, Abbott LF, Marder E (1992). "Reduction of conductance-based neuron models". Biological Cybernetics. 66 (5): 381-7. ... Anode break excitation Bioelectricity Biological neuron model Bursting Central pattern generator Chronaxie Frog battery Law of ...
There is great interest in network medicine for the modelling biological systems. This article focuses on inference of ... Model refinement Cross-check how well the results meet the expectations. The process is terminated upon obtaining a good model ... Biological network inference is the process of making inferences and predictions about biological networks. By using these ... Model selection A formalism to model your system, usually an ordinary differential equation, boolean network, or Linear ...
The circuitry model has evolved since the first proposed model in the 1990s by DeLong in the parallel processing model, in ... Biological Cybernetics. 103 (3): 237-53. doi:10.1007/s00422-010-0401-y. PMID 20644953. S2CID 853119. Cameron IG, Watanabe M, ... which although was not included in the first formulations of basal ganglia models, has been an addition to more recent models. ... Two models have been proposed for the basal ganglia, one being that actions are generated by a "critic" in the ventral striatum ...
"WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 ... Dopamine-derived melanin probably appears in at least some other biological systems as well. Some of the dopamine in plants is ... A neuropsychological model which distinguishes these two components of an intrinsically rewarding stimulus is the incentive ... In the model organism, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it reduces locomotion and increases food-exploratory movements; in ...
McGowan J, Hines E, Elliott M, Howar J, Dransfield A, Nur N, Jahncke J (2013-08-13). "Using seabird habitat modeling to inform ... Biological Conservation. 162: 41-51. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.003. ISSN 0006-3207. Segan DB, Game ET, Watts ME, Stewart RR ... 2009-12-01). "Marxan with Zones: Software for optimal conservation based land- and sea-use zoning". Environmental Modelling & ... Biological Conservation. 144 (7): 2020-2030. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.024. ISSN 0006-3207. Tulloch VJ, Possingham HP, ...
Mechanistic models for niche apportionment are biological models used to explain relative species abundance distributions. ... Fixed Division Model was similar to the random fraction model, but the randomness of the model is drawn from a triangular ... A similar model was developed by Sugihara in an attempt to provide a biological explanation for the log normal distribution of ... the Dominance Pre-emption model to the most even the Dominance Decay and MacArthur Fraction models. This model describes a ...
"Wilson Model" (PDF). Kansas Water Office. Retrieved 2015-11-09. "Bathymetric and Sediment Survey of Wilson Lake Reservoir, ... Russell County, Kansas" (PDF). Kansas Biological Survey. May 2009. Retrieved 2015-09-23. "Wilson Wildlife Area". Kansas ...
Modeling Biology. Structures, Behaviors, Evolution. Manfred D. Laubichler and Gerd B. Müller (Eds.), 2007. Biological ... Functions in Biological and Artificial Worlds. Comparative Philosophical Perspectives. Ulrich Krohs and Peter Kroes (Eds.), ... The KLI fosters research projects, workshops, archives, book projects, and the journal Biological Theory, all devoted to ... and the biological bases of cognition and mind. The Vienna Series grew out of the Altenberg Workshops in Theoretical Biology ...
Roenneberg, Till; Chua, Elaine Jane; Bernardo, Ric; Mendoza, Eduardo (2008-09-09). "Modelling Biological Rhythms". Current ... The Sel'kov model of glycolysis. The daily oscillations in gene expression, hormone levels and body temperature of animals, ... Limit cycles have been used to model the behavior of many real-world oscillatory systems. The study of limit cycles was ... Some non-linear electrical circuits exhibit limit cycle oscillations, which inspired the original Van der Pol model. The ...
B, Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. 273 (927): 593-610. 1976-02-26. doi:10.1098/rstb.1976.0035. ISSN 0080-4622. Stewart ... "UMD Earth system model". atmos.umd.edu. "Community Climate System Model (CCSM) , Community Earth System Model". www.cesm.ucar. ... "Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project- Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale ... The next generation of models - Earth system models (ex. CCSM, ORCHIDEE, JULES, CTEM ) - now includes the important feedbacks ...
And where models are introduced in phylogenetic reconstruction, we should prefer models dictated by features of the data to ... Woodger, S. (1945). "On Biological Transformations". In: Essays on Growth and Form. Le Gros Clark, W. E., Medawar, P. B (eds ... Patterson, C. (1994). "Null or minimal models". In: Models In Phylogeny Reconstruction. Scotland, R. W. , Siebert, D. J. (eds ... Nelson, G. (1989). "Cladistics and evolutionary models". Cladistics. 5(3): 275-289. Patterson, C. (1980). "Cladistics". The ...
In 1959, a biological model proposed by Nobel laureates Hubel and Wiesel was based on their discovery of two types of cells in ... This model paved the way for research to split into two approaches. One approach focused on biological processes while the ... This evolved into models for long-term potentiation. Researchers started applying these ideas to computational models in 1948 ... The first network is a generative model that models a probability distribution over output patterns. The second network learns ...
"Do parents favor their adoptive or biological children? Predictions from kin selection and compensatory models". Evolution and ... Research into relative outcomes of parenting by biological and adoptive parents has produced a variety of results. When ... Hamilton, Laura (February 2007). "Adoptive Parents, Adaptive Parents: Evaluating the Importance of Biological Ties for Parental ... the siblings who are reared by their biological parents and 3.18 point increase for half-siblings reared by their biological ...
The aim of the field is to create models of biological neural systems in order to understand how biological systems work. To ... biological neural network models) and theory (statistical learning theory and information theory). Many models are used; ... On the other hand, the origins of neural networks are based on efforts to model information processing in biological systems. ... They called this model threshold logic. These early models paved the way for neural network research to split into two distinct ...
Minimum torque-change model". Biological Cybernetics. 61 (2): 89-101. doi:10.1007/BF00204593. PMID 2742921. S2CID 8099349. ... Because inverse models and forward model are so closely associated, studies of internal models are often used as evidence for ... Complementary to forward models, inverse models attempt to estimate how to achieve a particular perceptual outcome in order to ... Mammalian model systems like mice and monkeys offer the most straightforward comparative models for human health and disease. ...