Phenylpyruvic acid is another precursor to mandelic acid. Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of ... The biotechnological production of 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid and mandelic acid on the basis of glucose was demonstrated with a ... Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that ... The name is derived from the German "Mandel" for "almond". Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalysed hydrolysis ...
Corson, B. B.; Dodge, R. A.; Harris, S. A.; Yeaw, J. S. (1926). "Mandelic Acid". Org. Synth. 6: 58. doi:10.15227/orgsyn. ... Cyanation of arenes offers access to benzoic acid derivatives, as well as the utility of aryl nitriles themselves in as fine ...
In organic chemistry, mandelonitrile is the nitrile of mandelic acid, or the cyanohydrin derivative of benzaldehyde. Small ... "Mandelic Acid". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 1, p. 336 (ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, Articles containing ... enantiomer finds use as an intermediate in the preparation of optically active α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy aldehydes ...
"Mandelic Acid". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 1, p. 336 William Bauer, Jr. "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives" in ... Cyanohydrins are intermediates in the Strecker amino acid synthesis. In aqueous acid, they are hydrolyzed to the α-hydroxy acid ... Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids. Cyanohydrins can be formed by the ... doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra014 North, M.; Usanov, D. L.; Young, C. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Synthesis. Chem. ...
Corson, B. B.; Dodge, R. A.; Harris, S. A.; Yeaw, J. S. (1941). "Mandelic Acid". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 1, p. ... Chem Eng News 2002; 80:86 Ziegler T., Horsch B., Effenberger F., A convenient route to (R)-α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and (2R)- ... This action allows for increased amino acid metabolism in developing seeds. Because the enzyme is able to quickly reverse this ... This enzyme participates in cyanoamino acid metabolism. It has 2 cofactors: flavin, and flavoprotein. Mandelonitrile lyases, ...
Gunsalus CF, Stanier RY, Gunsalus IC (November 1953). "The enzymatic conversion of mandelic acid to benzoic acid. III. ...
GUNSALUS CF, STANIER RY, GUNSALUS IC (1953). "The enzymatic conversion of mandelic acid to benzoic acid. III Fractionation and ...
... metabolize (RS)-mandelonitrile to (R)-(-)mandelic acid. Microbacterium paraoxydans is a plant growth ...
GUNSALUS CF, STANIER RY, Gunsalus IC (1953). "THE ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF MANDELIC ACID TO BENZOIC ACID III. : Fractionation ...
GUNSALUS CF, STANIER RY, GUNSALUS IC (1953). "THE ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF MANDELIC ACID TO BENZOIC ACID III. : Fractionation ...
Yamamoto K, Oishi K, Fujimatsu I, Komatsu K (1991). "Production of R-(−)-mandelic acid from mandelonitrile by Alcaligenes ...
Prominent examples are glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid and citric acid. Alpha hydroxy acids are stronger acids than ... Another alpha hydroxy acid, mandelic acid is important in health care applications. When mandelic acid is treated with sulfuric ... Compounds of this class are used on the industrial-scale and include glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and mandelic acid ... Beta hydroxy acid Hydroxybutyric acid Omega hydroxy acid Atzori L, Brundu MA, Orru A, Biggio P (March 1999). "Glycolic acid ...
The mandelic acid amide C-7 side chain is reminiscent of cefamandole. Cefazaflur Saltiel E, Brogden RN (September 1986). " ... Sulfonic acids, Tetrazoles, All stub articles, Antibiotic stubs). ...
... glutamic acid, mandelic acid, penicillamine. It can also form complexes with imidazole and alanine. "Praseodymium perchlorate ... Dissolving praseodymium(III,IV) oxide in a slight excess of hydrochloric acid and adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide ...
Its metabolites include pemoline conjugate, pemoline dione, mandelic acid, and unidentified polar metabolites. Pemoline is ...
... can be synthesized by oxidation of mandelic acid with potassium permanganate. An alternative synthesis ... Phenylglyoxylic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CO2H. The conjugate base, known as benzoylformate is the ... 1, p. 241 T. S. Oakwood and C. A. Weisgerber (1955). "Benzoylformic Acid". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, vol. 3, p. ...
The synthesis of (S)-(+)-phenylethanolamine, from (+)-mandelic acid, via (+)-mandelamide, has been described. The physical ... The amino-group makes this compound a weak base, capable of reacting with acids to form salts. Two common salts of ... Preparation of enantiomerically enriched α-hydroxy acids." J. Org. Chem. 45 2785-2791. H. E. Shannon, E. J. Cone and D. ...
... and mandelic acid 4-hydroxylase. It employs one cofactor, iron. Bhat SG, Vaidyanathan CS (1976). "Purifications and properties ...
... mandelic Acid, VMA)". Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A. 78A (3): 411-412. doi:10.6028/jres. ... Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids. It is a colourless ... Glyoxylic acid is about ten times stronger an acid than acetic acid, with an acid dissociation constant of 4.7 × 10−4 (pKa = ... forming hydroxyacetic acid and oxalic acid:[citation needed] 2 OCHCO2H + H2O → HOCH2CO2H + HO2CCO2H Glyoxylic acid gives ...
"Olinia ventosa". Occurrence of the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin and II corresponding mandelic acid amide glucoside in Olinia ...
Thorsells' solution to this was to add the same functional groups as in diethylamide to mandelic acid. This resulted in a ...
"Occurrence of the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin and II corresponding mandelic acid amide glucoside in Olinia species ( ... R)-prunasin begins with the common amino acid phenylalanine, which in plants is produced via the Shikimate pathway in primary ... prunasin could be converted to benzaldehyde and to salicylic acid using mandelonitrile as an intermediate. The toxicity of ... "Metabolomics and Biochemical Approaches Link Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis to Cyanogenesis in Peach Plants". Plant and Cell ...
"An Improved Procedure for Synthesis of DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic Acid (DL-"Vanillyl"-mandelic Acid, VMA)". Journal of ... Piperonal, like all aldehydes, can be reduced to its alcohol (piperonyl alcohol) or oxidized to give its acid (piperonylic acid ... Yamada, Shun-Ichi; Fujii, Tozo; Shioiri, Takayuki (1962). "Studies on Optically Active Amino Acids. I. Preparation of 3-(3, 4- ... Synthesis from the latter chemical is accomplished through a condensation reaction with glyoxylic acid followed by cleaving the ...
"An Improved Procedure for Synthesis of DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic Acid (DL-"Vanillyl"-mandelic Acid, VMA)" (PDF). Journal ... Alpha hydroxy acids, O-methylated natural phenols, Phenolic human metabolites, Acetic acids, Vanilloids). ... Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage ... Specifically the reaction entails the condensation of guaiacol and glyoxylic acid in an ice cold, aqueous solution with sodium ...
Dewanti AR, Xu Y, Mitra B (2004). "Esters of mandelic acid as substrates for (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas ... It is part of a metabolic pathway in Pseudomonads that allows these organisms to utilize mandelic acid, derivatized from the ...
... mandelic acid. This process does not find industrial application, since tramadol is used as a racemate, despite known different ...
... mandelic acid, benzoic acid and hippuric acid. Ethylbenzene exposure can be determined by testing for the breakdown products in ... Ethylbenzene is produced on a large scale by combining benzene and ethene in an acid-catalyzed chemical reaction: C 6H 6 + C 2H ... Once inside the body, ethylbenzene biodegrades to 1-phenylethanol, acetophenone, phenylglyoxylic acid, ...
... mandelic acid 3. The alcohol (S)-enantiomer forms an insoluble diastereomeric salt with the mandelic acid and can be filtered ... Camphorsulfonic acid, an acid that forms diastereomeric salts with chiral amines 1-Phenylethylamine, a base that forms ... Examples of chiral derivatizing agents are tartaric acid and the amine brucine. The method was introduced (again) by Louis ... Typical derivatization involves salt formation between an amine and a carboxylic acid. Simple deprotonation then yields back ...
A more specific example of Fischer oxazole synthesis involves reacting mandelic acid nitrile with benzaldehyde to give 2,5- ... The initial steps follow the Fischer oxazole synthesis, although the acid-catalyzed cyclization occurs in two steps rather than ... is a chemical synthesis of an oxazole from a cyanohydrin and an aldehyde in the presence of anhydrous hydrochloric acid. This ...
The synthesis of mandelic acid starts with the addition of hydrocyanic acid to benzaldehyde: The resulting cyanohydrin is ... hydrolysed to mandelic acid. (The scheme above depicts only one of the two formed enantiomers). Benzaldehyde is used as a bee ... Since the boiling point of benzoic acid is much higher than that of benzaldehyde, it may be purified by distillation. Benzyl ... Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride yields cinnamic acid, while alcoholic potassium ...