Ion channel
... ion channels are a frequent target. There are over 300 types of ion channels just in the cells of the inner ear. Ion channels ... Ion channels may be classified by gating, i.e. what opens and closes the channels. For example, voltage-gated ion channels open ... Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters. The study of ion channels ... Sodium channels Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) Calcium channels (CaVs) Proton channels ...
Synthetic ion channels
They are man-made analogues of natural ion channels, and are thus also known as artificial ion channels. Compared to biological ... They may be related to lipid ion channels, but to date their mechanism remains elusive. Certain synthetic ion channels have ... Many synthetic ion channels show unique properties in one or more of these aspects. An "ion-channel forming" molecule can often ... and ion channel transporters. While synthetic ion channel research attempts to prepare compounds that show conductance via a ...
TRPA (ion channel)
TRPA is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels. The TRPA family is made up of 7 subfamilies: TRPA1, TRPA- or ... Peng G, Shi X, Kadowaki T (March 2015). "Evolution of TRP channels inferred by their classification in diverse animal species ... Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA (January 2007). "Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease". ... Zygmunt PM, Högestätt ED (2014). "TRPA1". Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels. Handbook of ...
Lipid-gated ion channels
... are a class of ion channels whose conductance of ions through the membrane depends directly on lipids ... is thought to directly open ion channels. These channels include the bacterial channels MscL and MscS which open in response to ... when PIP2 was omitted the channel was closed. TRP channels: TRP channels were perhaps the first class of channels recognized as ... PIP2 is a cell membrane lipid, and its role in gating ion channels represents a novel role for the molecule. Kir channels: PIP2 ...
Voltage-gated ion channel
... voltage-gated ion channels directionally propagate electrical signals. Voltage-gated ion-channels are usually ion-specific, and ... Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the ... polycystin cation channels, glutamate-gated ion channels, calcium-dependent chloride channels, monovalent cation:proton ... IUPHAR-DB Voltage-gated ion channel subunits The IUPHAR Compendium of Voltage-gated Ion Channels 2005 Voltage-Dependent+Anion+ ...
Acid-sensing ion channel
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-insensitive sodium channels activated by extracellular protons permeable ... Under increased acidic conditions, a proton binds to the channel in the extracellular region, activating the ion channel to go ... In addition, PcTX1 does not inhibit other voltage-gated ion channels or ligand-gated channels. The structure of this inhibitor ... ASIC1a channels additionally facilitate the activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and NMDA receptor channels upon initial ...
Light-gated ion channel
... ligand-gated ion channels, mechanosensitive ion channels, and temperature-gated ion channels. Most light-gated ion channels ... Light-gated ion channels are a family of ion channels regulated by electromagnetic radiation. Other gating mechanisms for ion ... Such ion channels have been modified by binding a photoswitch to confer photosensitivity on the ion channel. This is done ... Light-gated ion channels function in a similar manner to other gated ion channels. Such transmembrane proteins form pores ...
Ligand-gated ion channel
... ion channel Calcium-activated potassium channel Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel Voltage-dependent calcium channel Receptor ... If these receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, a resulting conformational change opens the ion channels, which leads to a ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ligand-gated ion channel. Ligand-Gated Ion Channel database at European Bioinformatics ... "Revised Recommendations for Nomenclature of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. ...
Zinc-activated ion channel
... (ZAC), is a human protein encoded by the ZACN gene. ZAC forms a cation-permeable ligand-gated ion ... Davies PA, Wang W, Hales TG, Kirkness EF (January 2003). "A novel class of ligand-gated ion channel is activated by Zn2+". The ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 17, Ion channels, Zinc, ... "Cloning and expression of ligand-gated ion-channel receptor L2 in central nervous system". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...
G protein-gated ion channel
G protein-gated ion channels are a family of transmembrane ion channels in neurons and atrial myocytes that are directly gated ... G protein-gated ion channels are associated with a specific type of G protein-coupled receptor. These ion channels are ... The GIRK subunits come together to form GIRK ion channels. These ion channels, once activated, allow for the flow of potassium ... Generally, G protein-gated ion channels are specific ion channels located in the plasma membrane of cells that are directly ...
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels or CNG channels are ion channels that function in response to the binding of cyclic ... Ion channel HCN channel Voltage-dependent calcium channel Fesenko EE, Kolesnikov SS, Lyubarsky AL (1985). "Induction by cyclic ... Membrane biology, Ion channels, Voltage-gated ion channels). ... When the CNG ion channels are closed, the cytoplasmic ends of ... CNG channels are nonselective and allow many alkali ions to flow into or out of a cell expressing CNG channels on its membrane ...
Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
The ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as the channel hypothesis or the amyloid beta ion channel ... The ion channel hypothesis is broadly supported as an explanation for the calcium ion influx that disrupts calcium ion ... the ion channel hypothesis in 1993 introduced the possibility of an ion-channel-forming oligomer of soluble, non-fibrillar Aβ ... Though more recent studies have found that Aβ channels can be blocked by small molecules, the broad variety of Aβ ion channel ...
Agmatine
Ion channels. Including: ATP-sensitive K+ channels, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ... ion channels, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and polyamine metabolism and this provides bases for further research into potential ... Due to its ability to pass through open cationic channels, agmatine has also been used as a surrogate metric of integrated ... When neural tissue is incubated in agmatine and an external stimulus is applied, only cells with open channels will be filled ...
Nanchung
"A TRPV family ion channel required for hearing in Drosophila". Nature. 424 (6944): 81-4. Bibcode:2003Natur.424...81K. doi: ... Zhang, W; Yan, Z; Jan, L. Y.; Jan, Y. N. (2013). "Sound response mediated by the TRP channels NOMPC, NANCHUNG, and INACTIVE in ... Lehnert, B. P.; Baker, A. E.; Gaudry, Q; Chiang, A. S.; Wilson, R. I. (2013). "Distinct roles of TRP channels in auditory ... Nanchung is an invertebrate TRP channel that acts to sense mechanical force. Drosophila nanchung mutants show deficits in ...
LRRC8B
Jentsch, Thomas J. (2016-05-17). "VRACs and other ion channels and transporters in the regulation of cell volume and beyond". ... Jentsch Thomas J (2016). "VRACs and other ion channels and transporters in the regulation of cell volume and beyond". Nature ... Mongin A (2016). "Volume-regulated anion channel - a frenemy within the brain". Pflügers Archiv. 468 (3): 421-441. doi:10.1007/ ... 2001). "Cellular function and control of volume-regulated anion channels". Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 35 (3): 263-74. ...
Förster resonance energy transfer
Ion Channels. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 337. Humana Press. pp. 65-77. doi:10.1385/1-59745-095-2:65. ISBN 978-1-59745- ...
Volume-regulated anion channel
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are crucial to the regulation of cell size by transporting chloride ions and various ... LRRC8A LRRC8B LRRC8C LRRC8D LRRC8E Jentsch TJ (May 2016). "VRACs and other ion channels and transporters in the regulation of ... Nilius B (January 2004). "Is the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC a "water-permeable" channel?". Neurochemical Research. 29 ... VRACs' release of organic osmolytes as a response to this swelling and influx of ions most likely aids in the prevention of the ...
Liddle's syndrome
"Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) , Ion channels , IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY". www.guidetopharmacology.org. Enslow BT, ... These channels are found on the surface of epithelial cells found in the kidneys, lungs, and sweat glands. The ENaC transports ... sodium ions from the adjacent lumen into the epithelial cells that line the lumen. The mutation changes a domain in the channel ... This loss of ability to be degraded leads to high amounts of the channel being chronically present on the apical membrane of ...
CatSper1
"CatSper and Two-Pore Channels: Introduction". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and ... Calcium ions play a primary role in the regulation of sperm motility. This gene belongs to a family of putative cation channels ... Ren D, Navarro B, Perez G, Jackson AC, Hsu S, Shi Q, Tilly JL, Clapham DE (October 2001). "A sperm ion channel required for ... 2001). "A sperm ion channel required for sperm motility and male fertility". Nature. 413 (6856): 603-9. Bibcode:2001Natur.413.. ...
CatSper2
"CatSper and Two-Pore Channels: Introduction". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and ... Calcium ions play a primary role in the regulation of sperm motility. This gene belongs to a family of putative cation channels ... The four proteins in this family together form a Ca2+-permeant ion channel specific essential for the correct function of sperm ... Garbers DL (2001). "Ion channels. Swimming with sperm". Nature. 413 (6856): 579, 581-2. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..579G. doi: ...
Voltage clamp
The "patch-clamp" technique allows the study of individual ion channels. It uses an electrode with a relatively large tip (> 1 ... Cell membranes of excitable cells contain many different kinds of ion channels, some of which are voltage-gated. The voltage ... Guan B, Chen X, Zhang H (2013). "Two-electrode voltage clamp". Ion Channels. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 998. pp. 79-89 ... The two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) technique is used to study properties of membrane proteins, especially ion channels. ...
Voltage-dependent anion channel
Voltage-dependent anion channels, or mitochondrial porins, are a class of porin ion channel located on the outer mitochondrial ... Colombini M, Blachly-Dyson E, Forte M (1996). "VDAC, a channel in the outer mitochondrial membrane". Ion Channels. 4: 169-202. ... The voltage-dependent ion channel plays a key role in regulating metabolic and energetic flux across the outer mitochondrial ... Forte M, Guy HR, Mannella CA (1987). "Molecular genetics of the VDAC ion channel: structural model and sequence analysis". J. ...
Patch clamp
For ligand-gated ion channels or channels that are modulated by metabotropic receptors, the neurotransmitter or drug being ... by adding ions or drugs to study the ion channels under different conditions. Depending on what the researcher is trying to ... This small size is used to enclose a cell membrane surface area or "patch" that often contains just one or a few ion channel ... However, voltage-gated ion channels can be clamped successively at different membrane potentials in a single patch. This ...
Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2
Booth, I.R.; Jones, M.A.; McLaggan, D; Nikolaev, Y (1996). Konings, W.N. (ed.). Bacterial Ion Channels. ISBN 978-0-444-82442-4 ... Kef channels are regulated by potassium transport and NAD-binding (KTN) domains that sense both reduced glutathione, which ... Ferguson GP, Munro AW, Douglas RM, McLaggan D, Booth IR (September 1993). "Activation of potassium channels during metabolite ... Fujisawa M, Ito M, Krulwich TA (August 2007). "Three two-component transporters with channel-like properties have monovalent ...
Rockefeller University
Jennifer Fisher Wilson (January 9, 2020). "Potassium Ion Channels". The Scientist. Retrieved November 1, 2021. Nicholas Wade ( ... Lasker Award winner who specializes in cell signaling by ion channels, neurotransmitters and hormones. Mandë Holford, Professor ... In 1998, Roderick MacKinnon's laboratory elucidated the structure and mechanism of a potassium channel, explaining how ...
Soliton model in neuroscience
... voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell (inward current). The resulting ... Since it is of thermodynamic nature it does not address the properties of single macromolecules like ion channel proteins on a ... These currents are of similar appearance as those reported for ion channel proteins. They are thought to be caused by lipid ... Hille, Bertil (2001). Ion channels of excitable membranes (3. ed. ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer. ISBN 9780878933211 ...
PainCeptor Pharma
Acid-Sensing Ion Channel Pharmacology, Past, Present, and Future...". In Geraghty, Dominic; Rash, Lachlan D. (eds.). Ion ... The primary molecular targets addressed by PainCeptor are members of the ASIC ion channel family and nerve growth factor (NGF) ... Likewise, in regard to US2008004282A1 "Compositions and methods for modulating gated ion channels", the application status was ... "Compositions and methods for modulating gated ion channels", in 2007; this patent transferred ownership to Aros Pharma in 2010 ...
Ion transporter
Ion channels allows the specific ions that will fit into the channel to flow down their concentration gradient, equalizing the ... Ion transporters differ significantly from ion channels. Channels are pores that run through the membrane, whereas transports ... Ion channels and ion transporters accomplish this via facilitated diffusion which is a type of passive transport. However, only ... This potential energy could then be used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital ...
Tamulotoxin
Ion channel toxins). ... This suggests that TmTx does not have an effect on SK channels ... Either it works via blocking the open channel, or there could be a modulation of slow inactivation of this channel. Upon wash, ... Another suggested target is the Kv1.6 channel, a voltage-gated potassium channel. There are two suggestions for the mode of ... potassium channels in the heart and calcium activated potassium channels. Within this family, TmTx belongs to the α-KTx 16 ...
Pandinus imperator toxin (Pi4)
Park, Chul-Seung; Miller, Christopher (1992). "Interaction of charybdotoxin with permeant ions inside the pore of a K+ channel ... the Pi4 binds to SK channels, small conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels. Pi4 competes with apamin, another SK-channel ... Pi4 blocks different potassium channels, for instance, the Shaker B, Kv1.2, and SK potassium channels. Pi4 binds to Shaker B ... potassium channels, the Drosophila homologue of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1. Pi4 reversibly blocks this channel ...