... water absorption and absorption of fermentation products." Appl. Microb. Biotechn. 53: p108-114. Website of TNO Triskelion ... TNO (gastro-) Intestinal Models ("TIM") are model systems mimicking the digestive tract. The models are dynamic computer ... David, S.E., Strozyk, M.M. & Naylor, T.A. (2010). "Using TNO gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM-1) to screen potential formulations ... Barker, R., Abrahamsson, B., Kruusmägi, M. (2014). "Application and validation of an advanced gastro-intestinal in vitro model ...

A common finding in patients having used stimulant laxatives is a brown pigment deposited in the intestinal tissue, known as ... Lubricant laxatives are substances that coat the stool with slippery lipids and decrease colonic absorption of water so the ... Lubricant laxatives also increase the weight of stool and decrease intestinal transit time. Properties Site of action: colon ... Mineral oil may decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and some minerals. Hyperosmotic laxatives cause the intestines ...

In 1955, Schweiger received his doctorate from the University of Hamburg with a thesis on glucose absorption in the intestinal ...

During pregnancy, paromomycin is the preferred treatment drug because of its poor intestinal absorption, resulting in less ... increased intestinal permeability, and programmed cell death of small intestinal epithelial cells. Both trophozoites and cysts ... Some intestinal parasitic infections may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome and other long-term sequelae such as chronic ... The cause of this wide range in severity of symptoms is not fully known but the intestinal flora of the infected host may play ...

January 2016). "Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion, and the Contribution of Intestinal Metabolism to the Oral Disposition of [ ... Choo E, Takahashi R, Rooney I, Gates M, Deng A, Musib L (January 30, 2014). "Abstract B160: Assessing Human Absorption, ... Metabolism, Routes of Excretion and the Contribution of Intestinal Metabolism to the Oral Clearance of Cobimetinib, a MEK ...

... induces chloride secretion and decreases intestinal fluid absorption, ultimately causing diarrhoea. The peptide stimulates the ... Guanylin acts as an agonist of the guanylyl cyclase receptor GC-C and regulates electrolyte and water transport in intestinal ... an endogenous activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ... found that a loss in guanylin expression can lead to colorectal cancer due to guanylyl cyclase C's function as an intestinal ...

The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion ... "Mapping a gene involved in regulating dietary cholesterol absorption. The sitosterolemia locus is found at chromosome 2p21". ... important in the regulation of dietary cholesterol absorption". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 79-83. doi:10.1038/83799. PMC 1350991 ... "Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary ...

The second step after the hydrolysis is the absorption of the fatty acids into the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall. In ... The second step in lipid metabolism is absorption of fats. Short chain fatty acids can be absorbed in the stomach, while most ... Lipid metabolism is often considered as the digestion and absorption process of dietary fat; however, there are two sources of ... Fatty acids and monoglycerides leave the micelles and diffuse across the membrane to enter the intestinal epithelial cells. In ...

As with intestinal absorption of gabapentin mediated by LAT1, transport of gabapentin across the blood-brain barrier by LAT1 is ... However, food has been found to substantially delay the absorption of pregabalin and to significantly reduce peak levels ... Conversely, this is not the case for pregabalin, which shows linear pharmacokinetics and no saturation of absorption. Similarly ... which slows intestinal peristalsis), the oral bioavailability of a 600 mg dose of gabapentin increased by 50%. The oral ...

The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion ... 2002). "Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary ...

1 (Brilliant Blue FCF) and its intestinal absorption and metabolic fate in rats". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 18 (1): 1-5. ... It has the appearance of a blue powder and is soluble in water and glycerol, with a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers ... Lucová M, Hojerová J, Pažoureková S, Klimová Z (February 2013). "Absorption of triphenylmethane dyes Brilliant Blue and Patent ...

... or through skin absorption. Once inside, the precise pathways used in the cellular absorption of the virus are largely ... Entry into the host can occur once or multiple times via the gills, across intestinal epithelial cells, ...

... intestinal absorption and hepatic storage in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus R.) larvae". Journal of Applied ...

Both reabsorption or absorption of glycine and imino acids takes place respectively at the proximal tubule or intestinal brush ... Statter M, Ben-Zvi A, Shina A, Schein R, Russell A (August 1976). "Familial iminoglycinuria with normal intestinal absorption ... is a crucial mammalian transport mechanism responsible for both renal reabsorption and intestinal absorption of proline and ... Absorption refers to the overall process happening in the intestine in lieu of normal digestive breakdown of proteins, while ...

The dwarf tapeworm, like all other tapeworms, lacks a digestive system and feeds by absorption on nutrients in the intestinal ... When it becomes an adult, it attaches to the intestinal walls with its suckers and toothed rostellum and has its segments ... a type of intestinal worm or helminth) infecting humans, especially children. As its name implies (Ancient Greek: νᾶνος, nānos ... Toxemia Significant intestinal inflammation Diarrhea Abdominal pain Anorexia Nausea Weakness Loss of appetite For young ...

In most mammals, intestinal absorption of nutrients is thought to be dominated by transcellular transport, e.g., glucose is ... Chediack JG, Caviedes-Vidal E, Fasulo V, Yamin LJ, Karasov WH (April 2003). "Intestinal passive absorption of water-soluble ... Paracellular absorption therefore plays only a minor role in glucose absorption, although there is evidence that paracellular ... high intestinal paracellular absorption compensates for smaller guts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

... enhances nutrient and calorie absorption, and alters choline metabolism. Higher levels of intestinal bacteria that produce ... Disruptions in the intestinal microbiota seem to influence NAFLD risk in several ways. People with NASH can have elevated ... Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota may influence NAFLD risk in several ways. These changes appear to ... increase the permeability of intestinal tissue, thereby facilitating increased liver exposure to harmful substances (e.g., ...

To target intestinal parasites, albendazole is taken on an empty stomach to stay within the gut. Absorption is also affected by ... The absorption also largely depends on gastric pH. People have varying gastric pHs on empty stomachs, and thus absorption from ... A single dose of albendazole is sufficient to treat intestinal infestations by A. duodenale or Necator americanus. Intestinal ... Generally, the absorption in the GI tract is poor due to albendazole's low solubility in water. It is, however, better absorbed ...

This link is often due to repeated diarrhea and intestinal worm infections as a result of inadequate sanitation. However, the ... Diarrhea and other infections can cause malnutrition through decreased nutrient absorption, decreased intake of food, increased ... A leading cause of diarrhea and intestinal worm infections in children in developing countries is a lack of sanitation and ... Other diseases that cause chronic intestinal inflammation may lead to malnutrition, such as some cases of untreated celiac ...

... impaired intestinal iron absorption and microcytic anemia. Symptoms of Mn2+ deficiency are also seen. It is found in apical ... Pb2+ Many of these ions can inhibit iron absorption. Mutation of NRAMP2 in rodents leads to defective endosomal iron export ... membranes of intestinal epithelial cells but also in late endosomes and lysosomes. In contrast to the widely expressed NRAMP2, ...

After absorption from the gut, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid is metabolised to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in the liver ... After oral ingestion, glycyrrhizin is hydrolysed to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (enoxolone) by intestinal bacteria. ...

"Lipid Formulation Strategies for Enhancing Intestinal Transport and Absorption of P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) Substrate Drugs: In ...

The significance of transferrin for intestinal iron absorption HA Huebers, E Huebers, E Csiba, W Rummel, and CA Finch Blood, ...

... is also a circulating form of vitamin K, produced in small amounts (1-5%) after intestinal absorption of K1 and K2. ...

... passes only slowly through cell membranes and intestinal boundaries, so absorption by ingestion and incorporation ... All plutonium isotopes can be "bred" into fissile material with one or more neutron absorptions, whether followed by beta decay ... absorption through skin), retention rates, and how plutonium would be fixed in tissues and distributed among the various organs ...

Their swift intestinal absorption coupled with their thermostability leads to rapid development of toxic effects in a ... June 2014). "Dermal absorption and toxicity of alpha amanitin in mice". Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 33 (2): 154-160. doi: ... the liver is the principal organ affected as it is the organ which is first encountered after absorption in the ...

Relatively low conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen by the intestinal flora, resulting in relatively high absorption of ... This process of re-absorption is called enterohepatic circulation. It has been suggested that bilirubin uptake in the gut ( ...

Urinary calcium excretion balances intestinal calcium absorption and does not increase with calcifediol levels up to ~400 nmol/ ... These properties may be beneficial in people with intestinal malabsorption, obesity, or treated with certain other medications ...

The initial publication in 2002, which has been cited more than 100 times, supported a new model of intestinal drug absorption ... Research found that grapefruit and other juices (orange and apple) inhibited a specific intestinal drug uptake transporter ( ... Bailey showed that the major flavonoid in grapefruit, naringin, was an important clinically active inhibitor of intestinal ... organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2; OATP1A2) to diminish oral drug absorption discernibly in humans. ...

Hypocalcemia (low calcium) is also seen due to poor absorption of vitamin D and calcium, and secondary to low protein binding ... By limiting a dog's fat intake, the amount of intestinal lymph that is formed is reduced which also reduces pressure within ... When it occurs in the intestines of dogs, and more rarely humans, it causes a disease known as "intestinal lymphangiectasia". ... Sutherland-Smith J, Penninck D, Keating J, Webster C (2007). "Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in ...