Insulin resistance Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM (2017). "Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease". Cell Metabolism. 25 (5): ... Kelley DE, Mandarino LJ (2000). "Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination". Diabetes. 49 ... either aerobic or anaerobic respiration or as the inability of muscle to increase glucose oxidation in response to insulin. An ...

It is frequently associated with insulin resistance. Cases have been reported due to minoxidil at an unusually high dose. It ... However, insulin and glucose levels should be carefully monitored as pasireotide has been associated with hyperglycemia by ... Diagnosis is by measuring growth hormone after a person has consumed a glucose solution, or by measuring insulin-like growth ... Yaqub, Abid; Yaqub, Nadia (1 September 2008). "Insulin-mediated pseudoacromegaly: a case report and review of the literature". ...

Saitoh S (April 2009). "[Insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]". Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of ... and also linked renin-angiotensin system with insulin resistance, and claims that anyone can cause the other. Local production ... Peripheral resistance is determined by functional and anatomic changes in small arteries and arterioles. Single gene mutations ... Cardiac output and peripheral resistance are the two determinants of arterial pressure. Cardiac output is determined by stroke ...

... and fasting insulin to characterize the insulin resistance state; free testosterone (in women) to look for polycystic ovary ... Although uncommon, insulin resistance increases cardiovascular risk. Susceptibility to bacterial infections probably results ...

Reaven's work on insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus with John W. Farquhar goes back at least to 1965. A long-term ... Role of insulin resistance in human disease. 1988". Nutrition. 13 (1): 65; discussion 64, 66. doi:10.1016/0899-9007(97)90878-9 ... have a common cause in insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Initially titled "syndrome X", the constellation of ... Demonstration of the Central Role of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease". Diabetes Care. 37 (5): ...

Others: glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, immune dysfunction. Depending on the length of drug use, there is a chance ... insulin sensitivity, or quality of life. Prevention or treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Nandrolone decanoate ...

Saitoh S (April 2009). "[Insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of ... Insulin also exhibits vasodilatory properties. In normotensive individuals, insulin may stimulate sympathetic activity without ... and also linked renin-angiotensin system with insulin resistance, and claims that any one can cause the other. Smoking does not ... Hypertension can also be caused by Insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia, which are components of syndrome X, or the ...

... causing a lack of insulin in the body. Insulin resistance occurs when the pancreas tries to produce more and more insulin in ... Leszek Szablewski: Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance. Bentham Science Publishers, 2011, ISBN 978-1-608-05189-2, p. 46 ... Holt, S. H.; Miller, J. C.; Petocz, P. (1997). "An insulin index of foods: The insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of ... The pancreas is the organ responsible for the secretion of the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin is a hormone that ...

... insulin resistance, but it can take months or years to do so. Insulin resistance syndromes may be divided into type A (HAIR-AN ... especially insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, as seen in diabetes mellitus. This activates the insulin-like growth ... acanthosis nigricans is a visible marker which strongly suggests insulin resistance. Higher than normal insulin levels in the ... This is likely because of insulin resistance and more likely to occur in darker-skinned persons.: 968 This can also be referred ...

Other studies have shown that purified endotoxin from Escherichia coli can induce obesity and insulin-resistance when injected ... as a marker of obesity-related insulin resistance". Int J Obes (Lond). 36 (11): 1442-9. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.256. PMID 22184060 ... "Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance". Diabetes. 56 (7): 1761-72. doi:10.2337/db06-1491. PMID ... recent study has uncovered a potentially contributing role for Enterobacter cloacae B29 toward obesity and insulin resistance ...

Björntorp P (September 1997). "Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases". Nutrition. 13 (9): 795-803. ... and increased resistance to insulin effects. This alteration in sex steroid levels due to obesogens can vary enormously ... function causes insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independent of food intake". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e32511. Bibcode: ... These drugs act as agonists of the PPAR-γ receptor leading to insulin sensitizing effects that can improve glycemic control and ...

Talaei A, Mohamadi M, Adgi Z (February 2013). "The effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes ... In insulin-deficient diabetes (exogenous) insulin levels do not decrease as glucose levels fall, and the combination of ... Both DKA and HHS occur when insulin becomes less effective, either due to a shortage of insulin secretion ( as in DKA), or lack ... Lipohypertrophy may be caused by insulin therapy. Repeated insulin injections at the same site, or near to, causes an ...

It was further believed that reducing insulin resistance would potentially reduce the very high rate of cardiovascular disease ... Keen H (November 1994). "Insulin resistance and the prevention of diabetes mellitus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 331 ... was developed as the first anti-diabetic drug having a mechanism of action involving the enhancement of insulin resistance. At ... Henry RR (September 1996). "Effects of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity". Diabetic Medicine. 13 (9 Suppl 6): S148-S150. doi: ...

This contributes to insulin resistance of pregnancy and possibly striae. Despite the increase in cortisol, the pregnant mom ... Maternal insulin resistance can lead to gestational diabetes. Increased liver metabolism is also seen, with increased ... Total systematic vascular resistance decreases by 20% secondary to the vasodilatory effect of progesterone. Overall, the ... It can also decrease maternal tissue sensitivity to insulin, resulting in gestational diabetes. The pituitary gland grows by ...

A potential mechanism for cytokine-mediated insulin resistance". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25889-93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010579200 ... 2002). "SOCS-6 binds to insulin receptor substrate 4, and mice lacking the SOCS-6 gene exhibit mild growth retardation". Mol. ... 2001). "Suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 and -6 associate with and inhibit the insulin receptor. ...

Avogaro A, de Kreutzenberg SV, Federici M, Fadini GP (Jun 2013). "The endothelium abridges insulin resistance to premature ... Sasaoka T, Kobayashi M (Aug 2000). "The functional significance of Shc in insulin signaling as a substrate of the insulin ... Selective resistance to oxidative stress and extended life span have been related to p66SHC. There is a link between oxidative ... It has been proposed that SHC1 modulates the life span and stress response through the DAF-2 insulin- like receptor of the IIS ...

... may promote insulin resistance, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids may be protective against insulin resistance. ... Lovejoy JC (October 2002). "The influence of dietary fat on insulin resistance". Current Diabetes Reports. 2 (5): 435-40. doi: ... Increasing monounsaturated fat and decreasing saturated fat intake could improve insulin sensitivity, but only when the overall ... "Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU Study". ...

Liao, Min-Tser; Sung, Chih-Chien; Hung, Kuo-Chin; Wu, Chia-Chao; Lo, Lan; Lu, Kuo-Cheng (2012). "Insulin Resistance in Patients ...

... for Nutrition 2020 Gerald Reaven Distinguished Leader in Insulin Resistance Award by the World Congress on Insulin Resistance, ... This suggests that adiponectin regulation, which is upstream of insulin resistance and IGFs, may be at the root of obesity- ... Leptin has subsequently been approved by the Food and Drugs Administration for lipodystrophy and severe insulin resistance ... Additionally, observing the links between insulin resistance, inflammation, and sex steroids with central obesity and obesity- ...

6 associate with and inhibit the insulin receptor. A potential mechanism for cytokine-mediated insulin resistance". The Journal ... inhibits insulin signal transduction pathway through modulating insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation". The ... Rui L, Yuan M, Frantz D, Shoelson S, White MF (November 2002). "SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 block insulin signaling by ubiquitin-mediated ... 2 with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (37): 24095-101. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

The treatment is based on addressing obesity, thus reducing insulin resistance and its undesired effects. Insulin resistance ... Patients with both underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance may have more severe hyperandrogenism. Insulin resistance is ... insulin resistance (IR) and acanthosis nigricans (AN). The symptoms of the HAIR-AN syndrome are largely due to severe insulin ... Insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinemia which, in turn, leads to an excess production of androgen hormones by the ovaries ...

Hyperglycemia increases O-GlcNAcylation, leading to insulin resistance. Increased O-GlcNAcylation due to hyperglycemia is ...

Polderman KH, Gooren LJ, Asscheman H, Bakker A, Heine RJ (July 1994). "Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and ... In cisgender men, abnormally high or low levels of testosterone are both associated with insulin resistance (which eventually ... Androgen therapy can cause weight gain and decreased insulin sensitivity (perhaps worsening a predisposition to develop Type II ... In women, increased levels of either estrogen or androgens are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (which may ...

This regulates adiposity, insulin resistance, and caloric expenditure. Dysregulation of this causes persistent type 1 ... April 2016). "Adipose Natural Killer Cells Regulate Adipose Tissue Macrophages to Promote Insulin Resistance in Obesity". Cell ... due to the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. ILC1s as a key regulatory of adipose tissue ... mediated resistance to helminth infection in mice. ILC3s therefore form a network of interactions to maintain intestinal ...

Liao MT, Sung CC, Hung KC, Wu CC, Lo L, Lu KC (2012). "Insulin resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease". Journal of ...

... reduce insulin resistance and concurrently inhibit Lect2 production in a mouse model of dietary-induces insulin resistance. ... Meex RC, Watt MJ (2017). "Hepatokines: linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance". Nature Reviews. ... increased in animal models of insulin-resistant diabetes as well as in individual diabetics demonstrating insulin resistance. ... lower blood glucose and insulin levels following feeding; and better results for glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In a ...

Insulin resistance syndrome A syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) resulting from insulin resistance. It is also called ... However, either their bodies do not produce enough insulin or their body cells are resistant to insulin (see Insulin Resistance ... Ultralente insulin A type of insulin that is long acting. Medical ultrasound Unit of insulin The basic measure of insulin. U- ... Biosynthetic human insulin A man-made insulin that is chemically identical to like human insulin. See also: Human insulin. ...

Wang, Guanyu (October 15, 2014). "Raison d'être of insulin resistance: the adjustable threshold hypothesis". J R Soc Interface ... This normally leads to insulin secretion (known as an insulin spike), which in turn initiates rapid glucose uptake by tissues, ... the effect of insulin is still prominent even if both plasma glucose and insulin levels were already low, causing a plasma ... Glucagon and insulin are among the hormones that ensure a normal range of glucose in the human body. Upon consumption of a meal ...

Adipocyte Metrnl antagonizes obesity-induced insulin resistance by improving adipose function, including adipocyte ... Adipocyte Metrnl antagonizes insulin resistance through PPARγ signaling. Diabetes, 64(12), 4011-4022. PMID 26307585 doi:10.2337 ... in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are negatively associated with insulin resistance and ...

... can facilitate insulin resistance. Due to this close relationship between STRA6 and insulin resistance, it has been ... STRA6 has also been associated with facilitating insulin resistance. This is because STRA6 signaling results in activation of ... As a result, STRA6 signaling suppresses the response to insulin by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IR, ... One of these target genes is a suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) which is a strong inhibitor of insulin signaling. ...