INK4
... proteins are tumor suppressors and loss-of-function mutations lead to carcinogenesis. INK4 proteins are highly similar in ... that also induce INK4/ARF expression. RAS activation might lead to increased INK4/ARF expression potentially through ERK- ... INK4 proteins are cell-cycle inhibitors. When they bind to CDK4 and CDK6, they induce an allosteric change that leads to the ... Furthermore, the older INK4-based system has been further bolstered by the evolution of the recent addition of the ARF-based ...
P16
"The INK4 family of cell cycle inhibitors in cancer". Oncogene. 18 (38): 5311-5317. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202998. PMID 10498883. ...
Norman Sharpless
2009). "INK4/ARF Transcript Expression Is Associated with Chromosome 9p21 Variants Linked to Atherosclerosis". PLOS ONE. 4 (4 ... Kim, WY; Sharpless, NE (October 20, 2006). "The regulation of INK4/ARF in cancer and aging". Cell. 127 (2): 265-75. doi:10.1016 ... December 2, 2010). "Expression of linear and novel circular forms of an INK4/ARF-associated non-coding RNA correlates with ... Sharpless and his team were the first to discover altered human INK4/ARF expression as the mechanism for the 9p21.3 genetic ...
Polycomb-group proteins
Polycomb Bmi1 is known to regulate ink4 locus (p16Ink4a, p19Arf). Regulation of Polycomb-group proteins at bivalent chromatin ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase
The INK4 family proteins are strictly inhibitory and bind CDK monomers. Crystal structures of CDK6-INK4 complexes show that ... In animal cells, there are two major CKI families: the INK4 family and the CIP/KIP family. ... INK4 binding twists the CDK to distort cyclin binding and kinase activity. The CIP/KIP family proteins bind both the cyclin and ...
Ankyrin repeat
Zhang B, Peng Z (Jun 2000). "A minimum folding unit in the ankyrin repeat protein p16(INK4)". J Mol Biol. 299 (4): 1121-32. doi ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Furthermore, inhibitors of the INK4 family members like p15, p16, p18 and p19 inhibit the monomer of CDK6, preventing the ... Grossel MJ, Baker GL, Hinds PW (October 1999). "cdk6 can shorten G(1) phase dependent upon the N-terminal INK4 interaction ... Jeffrey PD, Tong L, Pavletich NP (December 2000). "Structural basis of inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes by INK4 inhibitors". ... which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. This ...
CDKN2C
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been ... Li J, Byeon IJ, Ericson K, Poi MJ, O'Maille P, Selby T, Tsai MD (1999). "Tumor suppressor INK4: determination of the solution ... Fåhraeus R, Laín S, Ball KL, Lane DP (1998). "Characterization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory domain of the INK4 ... Jeffrey PD, Tong L, Pavletich NP (December 2000). "Structural basis of inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes by INK4 inhibitors". ...
Neuronal cell cycle
Cánepa, E.T., Scassa, M.E., Ceruti, J.M., Marazita, M.C., Carcagno, A.L., Sirkin, P.F., and Ogara, M.F. (2007). INK4 proteins, ...
Long non-coding RNA
Liu Y, Sanoff HK, Cho H, Burd CE, Torrice C, Mohlke KL, Ibrahim JG, Thomas NE, Sharpless NE (April 2009). "INK4/ARF transcript ... including the entire INK4/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: identification of ANRIL, an antisense noncoding ...
Cyclin D
Hence, INK4 binds to cyclin D- dependent CDKs and inactivates the whole complex. Glycogen synthase kinase three beta, GSK3β, ... Another regulator of passage through G1 restriction point is Cdk inhibitor p16, which is encoded by INK4 gene. P16 functions in ... Inactivation of cyclin D is triggered by several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (CKIs) like the INK4 family (e.g. ... Thus, blocking transcription of INK4 gene would increase cyclin D/Cdk4 activity, which would in turn result in abnormal ...
P14arf
These INK4 proteins directly inhibit the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. There are other INK4 genes on other ...
CDKN2A
The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and p14arf. Both act as tumor suppressors ...
CDKN2D
1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6". Mol. Cell. ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been ... 2002). "Evidence of a role for the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors". Genes ... 2000). "Distinct versus redundant properties among members of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors". FEBS Lett ...
MYCL
Demopoulos K, Arvanitis DA, Vassilakis DA, Siafakas NM, Spandidos DA (2003). "MYCL1, FHIT, SPARC, p16(INK4) and TP53 genes ...
Transforming protein RhoA
April 2009). "RhoA regulates G1-S progression of gastric cancer cells by modulation of multiple INK4 family tumor suppressors ...
Circular RNA
It has been proposed that cANRIL can modify INK4/ARF expression, which, in turn, increases risk for atherosclerosis. Further ... "Expression of linear and novel circular forms of an INK4/ARF-associated non-coding RNA correlates with atherosclerosis risk". ...
Cyclin D2
Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY, Ashmun RA, Sherr CJ (May 1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the ...
CDKN2B
Yuan C, Selby TL, Li J, Byeon IJ, Tsai MD (June 2000). "Tumor suppressor INK4: refinement of p16INK4A structure and ...
Peto's paradox
Xian, T.; Azpurua, J. (27 January 2015). "INK4 locus of the tumor-resistant rodent, the naked mole rat, expresses a functional ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6". Mol. Cell. ...
Genesee Scientific
"Expression of Linear and Novel Circular Forms of an INK4/ARF-Associated Non-Coding RNA Correlates with Atherosclerosis Risk". ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein
Also, the INK4 proteins help stop the G1-CDK activity when they encounter anti-proliferative signals within the environment. ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
The first four act by inducing members of the INK4 or Kip/Cip families of cell cycle kinase inhibitors. TGFb inhibits the ...
Cell cycle
Additionally, CDK4/6 and CDK2 are also inactive because CDK4/6 are bound by INK4 family members (e.g., p16), limiting kinase ...
Biochemical cascade
... cyclin-CDKs and the G1-S transition are suppressed by cell cycle inhibitors including Ink4 and Cip/Kip family proteins. As a ...
Cdc6
... overexpression interferes with the expression of INK4/ARF tumor suppressor genes through a mechanism involving the ... epigenetic modification of chromatin at the INK4/ARF locus. In addition, CDC6 overexpression in primary cells may promote DNA ...
Epigenetics and melanoma
The hypermethylation of this gene can cause it to become inactivated (Straume et al., 2002). When INK4 is inactivated through ...
Cryptograms (album)
"Intro" - 2:50 "Cryptograms" - 4:17 "White Ink" - 4:59 "Lake Somerset" - 3:49 "Providence" - 4:08 "Octet" - 7:50 "Red Ink" - 3: ...
Dysplastic nevus syndrome
INK4) but acts in cell cycle G1 control by stabilizing the tumor suppressor protein p53. Dysplastic nevus syndrome is inherited ...