ICOSLG
"Entrez Gene: ICOSLG inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand". Shen S, Wang F, Chen L, Wang T, Hu Y, Zhang X (August 2011). " ... In humans, cell surface expression of ICOSLG has been described on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells ... inducible costimulator ligand) by human airway epithelial cells". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. ... Inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOS-L) is a member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands sharing 19-20% sequence identity ...
CD278
"Entrez Gene: ICOS inducible T-cell co-stimulator". Rudd CE, Schneider H (Jul 2003). "Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 ... Wang S, Zhu G, Tamada K, Chen L, Bajorath J (Apr 2002). "Ligand binding sites of inducible costimulator and high avidity ... It forms homodimers and plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune responses and regulation of cell proliferation. ... "ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28". Nature. 397 (6716): 263-6. Bibcode: ...
CXCL11
Mohan K, Ding Z, Hanly J, Issekutz TB (June 2002). "IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant is a potent stimulator of ... "Entrez Gene: CXCL11 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11". Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, Ogborne KT, Loetscher M, Gladue RP, Lin ... This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a ... "Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T ...
Follicular B helper T cells
The inducible T-cell co-stimulator (CD278 or ICOS) is proven to provide a particularly critical signal for TFH cells since ... TFH cells trigger the formation and maintenance of germinal centers through the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and the ... Pre-TFH cells are functionally very similar to other TFH cells in facilitating germinal center B cell reactions; however, they ... This may be in part due to lower CD40L levels on the cell surface of TFH cells in the aged. Unchecked or overactive TFH cell ...
Eicosanoid
... and the 5-series LT have been shown or thought to be weaker stimulators of their target cells and tissues than their ... PGs and LTs may signal or regulate DNA-transcription there; LTB4 is ligand for PPARα.(See diagram at PPAR). Both COX1 and COX2 ... Inhibition of COX-1 and/or the inducible COX-2 isoforms, is the hallmark of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), ... agents to impact their cells of origin or as paracrine signaling agents to impact cells in the proximity of their cells of ...
CD137
... dendritic cell maturation, and promotion of B cell antibody secretion. As a T cell co-stimulator, T cell receptor (TCR) and ... When CD137 interacts with its ligand, it leads to T cell cytokine production and T cell proliferation, among other signaling ... Kwon BS, Weissman SM (March 1989). "cDNA sequences of two inducible T-cell genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... natural killer cells, dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and regulatory T cells) and non-immune cells (i.e. ...
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
However, trans isomer is the most potent stimulator of epithelial cell hypertrophy since clomifene is antagonistic at low doses ... helix 12 in the ligand-binding domain by the bound ligand determines whether the ligand has an agonistic and antagonistic ... makes it easier for the SERMs to interact with estrogen response elements which leads to the activation of estrogen-inducible ... The ligand-binding domain of the ER demonstrates how ligands promote and prevent coactivator binding based on the shape of the ...
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
E-cat is regulated by E-allo in a way dependent on what ligand is bound to E-allo. Substrate and non-substrate fatty acid (FAs ... Cell Dev. Biol. 17 (5): 544-54. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.09.001. PMID 17071117. Minghetti L, Pocchiari M (2007). " ... PDB: 3PGH Ruan, C. H.; So, S. P.; Ruan, K. H. (2011). "Inducible COX-2 dominates over COX-1 in prostacyclin biosynthesis: ... Palmitic acid, an efficacious stimulator of huPGHS-2, binds only E-allo in palmitic acid/murine PGHS-2 co-crystals. Non- ...
9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
... in Chinese hamster ovary cells made to express these receptors; 9(S)-HODE was also a more potent stimulator of human G2A than a ... to induce the transcription of PPARγ-inducible genes in human monocytes as well as to stimulate the maturation of these cells ... "The contribution of the endogenous TRPV1 ligands 9-HODE and 13-HODE to nociceptive processing and their role in peripheral ... rodent and human bronchial epithelial cells, and in model cells made to express rodent or human TRPV1. This stimulation appears ...
Stimulator of interferon genes
Type I interferon, mediated by STING, protects infected cells and nearby cells from local infection by binding to the same cell ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to produce cytosolic DNA ligands which activate STING, resulting in ubiquitination of ... negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor-mediated immune signaling in a ubiquitination-dependent ... STING is expressed in hematopoietic cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues, including T lymphocytes, NK cells, myeloid cells and ...
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
... to cause cell injury. 13-HODE (and 9-HODE) are moderately strong stimulators of the directed migration (i.e. chemotaxis) of cow ... to induce the transcription of PPARγ-inducible genes in human monocytes as well as to stimulate the maturation of these cells ... "13-Oxo-ODE is an endogenous ligand for PPARγ in human colonic epithelial cells". Biochemical Pharmacology. 74 (4): 612-22. doi: ... Statins also inhibit PPARγ in human macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells; this action may ...