... immunity granted to a witness in exchange for testimony Immunity (Rupert Hine album) Immunity (Jon Hopkins album) Immunity ( ... Look up immunity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Immunity may refer to: Immunity (medical), resistance of an organism to ... immunity of a judge or magistrate in the course of their official duties Parliamentary immunity, immunity granted to elected ... a law that provides immunity for past crimes Charitable immunity, immunity from liability granted to charities in many ...
While qualified immunity has been repeatedly affirmed by courts and legislation has established similar immunity at the state ... or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws". U.S. District Court Judge Lynn Adelman has argued that "qualified immunity ... "to claim qualified immunity under the Reforming Qualified Immunity Act, a government employee such as a police officer would ... It is a form of sovereign immunity less strict than absolute immunity that is intended to protect officials who "make ...
... judicial immunity is among a handful of forms of absolute immunity, along with prosecutorial immunity, legislative immunity, ... Judicial immunity is a form of sovereign immunity, which protects judges and others employed by the judiciary from liability ... "Judicial Immunities Promote Fair and Impartial Judgments". www.unodc.org. Retrieved 2023-05-15. Judicial Immunity at the ( ... and witness immunity. The U.S. Supreme Court has characterized judicial immunity as providing "the maximum ability [of judges] ...
Intergovernmental immunity - US doctrine Intergovernmental immunity - Australian doctrine Hogg & Godil 2008, p. 626. The Bank ... Interjurisdictional immunity is an exception to the pith and substance doctrine, as it stipulates that there is a core to each ... The interjurisdictional immunity doctrine will not render inapplicable insignificant impacts caused by legislation of general ... As we have already noted, interjurisdictional immunity is of limited application and should in general be reserved for ...
It contrasts with cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity is also referred to as antibody-mediated immunity. The study of the ... Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules - including secreted antibodies, complement ... The complement system is involved in the activities of both innate immunity and acquired immunity. Activation of this system ... Immune system Cell-mediated immunity (vs. humoral immunity) Serology Polyclonal response Janeway CA Jr (2001). Immunobiology ( ...
Immunity from prosecution (international law) Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (United States) Extraterritorial jurisdiction ... The Law of State Immunity, Oxford University Press Text of European Convention on State Immunity Text of United Nations ... that establishes the European Tribunal in matters of State Immunity. The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities ... The doctrine and rules of state immunity concern the protection which a state is given from being sued in the courts of other ...
... is the evolution of an additional level of immunity in the colonies of eusocial insects (some bees and wasps, ... Social immunity efforts peaks during middle-age, in contrast to efforts in personal immunity increasing or being maintained ... Social immunity (also termed collective immunity) describes the additional level of disease protection arising in social groups ... Further work revealed how a trade-off existed between investment in personal immunity vs investment in social immunity, i.e., ...
... privileges are described in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963 (VCCR). Consular immunity ... Procedurally, official acts immunity is raised as an affirmative defense. Diplomatic immunity Vienna Convention on Consular ... For example, consular officers are not accorded absolute immunity from a host country's criminal jurisdiction, they may be ... U.S. Department of State - Legal Aspects of Diplomatic Immunity and Privileges U.S. Diplomacy - Diplomatic and Consular ...
... influenza A viruses could induce immunity against unrelated sub-strains.' Huan H. Nguyen et al, Heterosubtypic Immunity to ... "Heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) is defined as cross-protection to infection with an influenza A virus serotype other than the one ...
Also, like adaptive immunity, intrinsic immunity is specifically tailored to a single type or class of pathogens, notably ... Intrinsic antiviral immunity refers to a form of innate immunity that directly restricts viral replication and assembly, ... Though the extent of protection intrinsic immunity affords is still unknown, it is possible that intrinsic immunity may ... adaptive and innate immunity - but is mechanistically distinct. Innate cellular immunity recognizes viral infection using toll- ...
... from prosecution occurs when a prosecutor grants immunity to a witness in exchange for testimony or production ... Transactional immunity, colloquially known as "blanket" or "total" immunity, completely protects the witness from future ... The Court ruled that the grant of use and derivative use immunity is sufficient. Despite Kastigar, the type of immunity ... The grant of immunity impairs the witness's right to invoke the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination as a ...
"U.S. Appeals Court Affirms Kuwait Immunity, Rejects Ex-Diplomat Immunity, in Abuse of Domestic Worker Case". Archived from the ... On grounds of diplomatic immunity, no charges could be filed. In 2009, South Africa was criticised for claiming immunity from ... and therefore diplomatic immunity does not apply. An appeals court ruled that Al-Awadi did not have diplomatic immunity in that ... many countries refuse to waive immunity as a matter of course, and diplomats have no authority to waive their own immunity ( ...
... (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity) is a form of indirect ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herd immunity. Wikiquote has quotations related to Herd immunity. Look up herd immunity ... High levels of immunity in one age group can create herd immunity for other age groups. Vaccinating adults against pertussis ... Individuals who lack immunity, including those who choose not to vaccinate, free ride off the herd immunity created by those ...
The early form of charitable immunity in England did not provide immunity from suit; it only protected segregated funds held in ... Charitable immunity is a legal doctrine which holds that a charitable organization is not liable under tort law. It originated ... Under the charitable immunity doctrine, it was still possible to sue employees or volunteers of charitable institutions, so the ... Moreover, the concept of immunity had no sooner crept into English law than it was decisively repudiated. By 1866, the dictum ...
Antiserum Antivenin Cell-mediated immunity Herd immunity Heterosubtypic immunity Hoskins effect Humoral immunity Immunology ... Innate immunity, also known as native immunity, is a semi-specific and widely distributed form of immunity. It is defined as ... Hybrid immunity is the combination of natural immunity and artificial immunity. Studies of hybrid-immune people found that ... requiring booster doses for continued immunity. The diagram below summarizes these divisions of immunity. Adaptive immunity ...
In mathematics, the correlation immunity of a Boolean function is a measure of the degree to which its outputs are uncorrelated ...
"Immunity: Editorial" (PDF). Immunity. 1 (1): 1. "Immunity: Editors & staff". Cell Press. Retrieved 10 October 2023. "Immunity ... "Immunity". Library of Congress Online Catalog. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2014-12-05. "Immunity". NLM Catalog. National ... Immunity is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of immunology published by Cell Press. The first issue of the journal was ...
... differs from herd immunity, a different type of group protection, in which risk for unimmunized individuals is ... Contact immunity is the property of some vaccines, where a vaccinated individual can confer immunity upon unimmunized ... and further increases the immunity of the group. The most prominent example of contact immunity was the oral polio vaccine (OPV ... In other words, if person "A" has been vaccinated for virus X and person "B" has not, person "B" can receive immunity to virus ...
Human milk immunity is the protection provided to the immune system of an infant via the biologically active components in ... Milk immunity is the protection provided to immune system of an infant via the biologically active components in milk, ... Ruminant mothers do not transfer immunity to their infants during pregnancy, which makes milk the first introduction to ... Human milk was previously thought to only provide passive immunity primarily through Secretory IgA, but advances in technology ...
... (Australia) Intergovernmental immunity (United States) Interjurisdictional immunity (Canada) This ... Intergovernmental immunity is a legal doctrine in federations that defines the extent to which laws of a federal government and ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Intergovernmental immunity. If an internal link led you here, you ...
The term is used almost synonymously for "passive immunity" in some situations, however, passive immunity acts among xenogeneic ... Adoptive immunity acts in a host after their immunological components are withdrawn, their immunological activity is modified ... 1993). "Adoptive immunity." [Dictionary of Terms in Immunoglogy], 3rd ed. Osaka: Saishin-Igakusha, Ltd., p. 510. ISBN 4-914909- ...
Sovereign immunity Qualified immunity "Absolute Immunity". biotech.law.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-22. Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 ... In United States law, absolute immunity is a type of sovereign immunity for government officials that confers complete immunity ... Absolute judicial immunity applies when judges act in their judicial capacity. A judge enjoys this immunity when they exceed ... Some scholars urge courts to reconsider the scope of certain forms of absolute immunity, particularly prosecutorial immunity. ...
Evidence of trained immunity is found mainly at monocytes/macrophages and NK cells and, less at γδ T cells and innate lymphoid ... Trained immunity is a long-term functional modification of cells in the innate immune system which leads to an altered response ... This type of immunity is thought to be largely mediated by epigenetic modifications. The changes to the innate immune response ... The term "trained immunity" is relatively new - immunological memory has previously been considered only as a part of adaptive ...
"Deadly Immunity" is an article written by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. that appeared in the July 14, 2005 issue of Rolling Stone and ... "Deadly Immunity" was heavily criticized for quoting material out of context, and both Rolling Stone and Salon eventually ... Deadly Immunity. Internet Archive. (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use American ... "Deadly Immunity". In a statement on the website, Kerry Lauerman, Salon's editor-in-chief, explained that in addition to five ...
... immunity from suit (also known as immunity from jurisdiction or adjudication) immunity from enforcement. Immunity from suit ... Judicial immunity is a specific form of absolute immunity. The federal government of the United States has sovereign immunity ... Absolute immunity Command responsibility Diplomatic immunity Immunity (disambiguation) § Law Impeachment Jurisdiction Qualified ... state immunities are codified in the State Immunity Act of 1979, which closely resembles the United Kingdom's State Immunity ...
An immunity passport, immunity certificate, health pass or release certificate (among other names used by various local ... When it takes into account natural immunity or very recent negative test results, an immunity passport cannot be reduced to a ... "Explained: Are immunity passports, release certificates the way to go?". indianexpress.com. 10 May 2020. ""Immunity passports" ... protective immunity is long-lasting The pathogen mutates sufficiently slowly for immunity to work against most strains Immunity ...
... describes the immune response in the bloodstream, and its role is to fight and prevent the spread of ... Components of intravascular immunity include the cellular immune response and the macromolecules secreted by these cells. It ... Ramirez, G. A.; Maugeri, N.; Sabbadini, M. G.; Rovere-Querini, P.; Manfredi, A. A. (2014-02-01). "Intravascular immunity as a ... Hickey, Michael J.; Kubes, Paul (2009). "Intravascular immunity: The host-pathogen encounter in blood vessels". Nature Reviews ...
However, gut microbiome does not affect skin immunity significantly, instead, skin immunity is modulated by skin microflora ... Skin immunity is a property of skin that allows it to resist infections from pathogens. In addition to providing a passive ... Finally, mono-association of GF mice with S. epidermidis clearly restored immunity function which in the case of skin is ... Skin microbiota plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and local immunity. Skin microbial communities are highly diverse ...
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Passive immunity can occur ... Maternal passive immunity is a type of naturally acquired passive immunity, and refers to antibody-mediated immunity conveyed ... Passive immunity is effective, but only lasts a short amount of time. Active immunity Immunity (medical) Antitoxin ... The one exception to passive humoral immunity is the passive transfer of cell-mediated immunity, also called adoptive ...
... , also known as legislative immunity, is a system in which political leadership position holders such as ... Advocates of parliamentary immunity suggest the doctrine is necessary to keep a check on unauthorised use of power of the ... The right to immunity of National Assembly deputies 1. No National Assembly deputy may be arrested, held in custody, detained, ... Parliamentary immunity in Italy was re-instated in 1948 by the Constituent Assembly, to prevent cases such as "Francesco ...