Gap junction modulation
Reports further indicate a synergistic relationship between hydrogen ions and the intracellular concentration of calcium in ... An increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration by above 500nM causes the permeability of plasma membranes to decreases ... Yet, high Ca2+ concentration is rarely seen, as this gating method is self-inhibiting. Ca2+ concentrations are a crucial ... P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and sodium ion channels. All of these membrane channels can further influence cation concentrations, ...
Urinalysis
The test pad contains a polyelectrolyte that releases hydrogen ions in proportion to the concentration of ions in the sample. ... Reagent strip readings are based on the concentration of ions in the sample, while refractometer readings are affected by other ... Urine test strips use the concentration of ions in the urine to estimate specific gravity. ... A milky appearance can be caused by a very high concentration of white blood cells or fats, or by chyluria (the presence of ...
Acidosis
... an increase in hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma. The ...
Marine biogenic calcification
... and the organism must control the hydrogen ion concentration in the surrounding area. Hydrogen interferes with shell formation ... Ksp Where the numerator denotes the concentrations of calcium ions to carbonate ions, and the denominator Ksp refers to the ... These organisms also pump hydrogen out so that it will not bond to the carbonate ions and make them unable to crystallize as ... To counteract this effect, the organism can pump hydrogen out, thereby increasing the amount of free carbonate ions for ...
Metabolic alkalosis
Shift of hydrogen ions into intracellular space - Seen in hypokalemia. Due to a low extracellular potassium concentration, ... This increases the retention of sodium ions whilst pumping hydrogen ions into the renal tubule. Excess sodium increases ... This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate, or alternatively a direct result ... Loss of hydrogen ions in the urine occurs when excess aldosterone (Conn's syndrome) increases the activity of a sodium-hydrogen ...
Predominance diagram
pCr stands for minus the logarithm of the chromium concentration and pH stands for minus the logarithm of the hydrogen ion ... At pH < 5.89 (pH < pK1) the hydrogen chromate ion is predominant in dilute solution but the dichromate ion is predominant in ... Red line Hydrogen chromate and dichromate have equal concentrations. Setting [HCrO−4] equal to [Cr2O2−7] in Eq. 2, [HCrO−4] = 1 ... Green line Chromate and hydrogen chromate have equal concentrations. Setting [CrO2−4] equal to [HCrO−4] in eq. 1, [H+] = 1/K1, ...
Metabolic acidosis
Acidemia and acidosis are not mutually exclusive - pH and hydrogen ion concentrations also depend on the coexistence of other ... Typically the serum bicarbonate concentration will be 16 mmol/L) indicates the presence of excess 'unmeasured' anions, such as ... Bicarbonate buffering system Intracellular buffering by absorption of hydrogen atoms by various molecules, including proteins, ... in serum albumin by 1G/L will decrease the anion gap by 0.25 mmol/L Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low concentration ...
PH
The concentration of hydroxide ions in water is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions by [ OH − ] = K W [ H + ] {\ ... It is possible to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions directly using an electrode calibrated in terms of hydrogen ion ... Neutrality occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) equals the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH−]), or when ... Since the addition of hydroxide reduces the hydrogen ion concentration, and the hydroxide ion concentration is constrained by ...
Glossary of chemistry terms
The pH scale approximates the negative of the base-10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. At ... ionic bond An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. ionic strength A measure of the concentration of ions ... hydration reaction hydrogen hydrogen bond A form of electrostatic interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen ... Several different definitions of concentration are widely used in chemistry, including mass concentration, volume concentration ...
Lake Jean
In the 1970s, two measurements of the concentration of hydrogen ions in Lake Jean ranged from 0.00020 to 0.00160 milligrams per ... The concentrations of both cobalt and lead were less than 2 micrograms per liter. The zinc concentration was once measured to ... The sulfate concentration ranged from 2.5 to 7.2 milligrams per liter. The fluoride concentration was twice measured to be 0.10 ... The dissolved oxygen concentration was 9.5 milligrams per liter and the carbon dioxide concentration ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 ...
Sulfide:quinone reductase
... the ability of an organism to pump hydrogen ions against a gradient (from low to high concentration). SQR enhances the ... The quinone pool is located inside the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane and plays a role in transporting hydrogen ions ... The electron transport chain depends on two factors: 1) ability of a membrane to store an ion gradient; 2) ... formation of an ion gradient by donating two electrons to the quinone. Once the electrons are in the quinone, they are ...
Edward James Salisbury
Salisbury, E.J. (1922) Stratification and Hydrogen-ion concentration of the soil in relation to leaching and plant succession ...
Christen C. Raunkiær
Hydrogen-ion concentration), p. 443-487. Raunkiær, C. (1926) Nitratindholdet hos Anemone nemorosa paa forskellige Standpladser ...
Edward Palmer Poulton
"The Hydrogen Ion Concentration of the Blood in certain Pathological Conditions, as Determined by the Hydrogen Electrode and the ... He showed how oxygen, when given in sufficient concentration, was of enormous value in many conditions in which it had never ...
Chloride shift
This releases hydrogen ions from hemoglobin, increases free H+ concentration within RBCs, and shifts the equilibrium towards ... and the permeability of the RBC membrane to carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion but not to hydrogen ion. Continuous process of ... Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates to form bicarbonate Ions (HCO3−) and a hydrogen ion (H+). In response to the ... Consequently, chloride concentration is lower in systemic venous blood than in systemic arterial blood: high venous pCO2 leads ...
Ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean
As the ocean acidifies, the increased uptake of CO2 by seawater increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, which lowers the ... The carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. This reaction causes the pH of the water to lower, ... This change in the chemical equilibrium of the inorganic carbon system reduces the concentration of these carbonate ions. This ... Carbon dioxide then equilibrates with water, producing carbonic acid, which then equilibrates to release hydrogen ions and ...
Non-competitive inhibition
... however he lacked noting the importance of hydrogen ion concentration and mutarotation of glucose. The goal of Henri's thesis ... In the Michaelis and Menten experiments they heavily focused on pH effects of invertase using hydrogen ions. Invertase is an ... However, since some enzyme is always inhibited from converting the substrate to product, the effective enzyme concentration is ... derived an equation that described the rate in a way which suggested that it is mostly dependent on the enzyme concentration, ...
Enzyme kinetics
... but at the time the experimental significance of the hydrogen ion concentration was not yet recognized. After Peter Lauritz ... About the measurement and significance of the hydrogen ion concentration in enzymatic processes]. Biochem. Z. (in German). 21: ... The substrate concentration midway between these two limiting cases is denoted by KM. Thus, KM is the substrate concentration ... For a given enzyme concentration and for relatively low substrate concentrations, the reaction rate increases linearly with ...
Detlev Bronk
Bronk, Detlev Wulf (1926). Electrical conductivity, electrical potential and hydrogen ion concentration measurements on the ...
Pál Szily
Pal examined artificial buffer solutions and indicators for the determination of the hydrogen ion concentration under Hans ... In 1944 he was sent to a concentration camp near Győr as a Jew. He was however able to leave and escape transport to Germany ... Hungarian people who died in Nazi concentration camps, Hungarian Jews who died in the Holocaust). ...
Green Mountain Tunnel
The concentration of hydrogen ions in the waters of the Green Mountain Tunnel is 0.25318 milligrams per liter. The ... The concentration of alkalinity is 3.29 milligrams per liter and the load is 39.5 pounds (17.9 kg) per day. The concentration ... The concentration of manganese in the tunnel's waters is 0.64 milligrams per liter and the load is 7.7 pounds (3.5 kg) per day ... The concentration of aluminum in the discharge of the tunnel is 2.97 milligrams per liter and the load is 35.7 pounds (16.2 kg ...
ProP (transporter)
ProP is a symporter of hydrogen ions and compatible solutes, and is responsive to potassium concentrations. Activity of ProP ... MacMillan SV, Alexander DA, Culham DE, Kunte HJ, Marshall EV, Rochon D, Wood JM (August 1999). "The ion coupling and organic ...
Carlsberg Laboratory
... and understood the concentration of hydrogen ions was particularly important. To express the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration ... While working at the Carlsberg Laboratory, he studied the effect of ion concentration on proteins, ...
Biraj Mohan Das Gupta
"A Preliminary Note on the Relationship of the Intestinal Protozoa of Man to the Hydrogen Ion Concentration of their Environment ...
Electrical synapse
Some channels may also close in response to increased calcium (Ca2+ ) or hydrogen (H+ ) ion concentration, so as not to spread ... With a lumen diameter of about 1.2 to 2.0 nm, the pore of a gap junction channel is wide enough to allow ions and even medium- ... Thus when the membrane potential of one cell changes, ions may move through from one cell to the next, carrying positive charge ... Normally, current carried by ions could travel in either direction through this type of synapse. However, sometimes the ...
Emily Mary Berridge
Annals of Applied Biology 8 20-26 Emily M. Berridge (1924) The influence of hydrogen-ion concentration on the growth of certain ...
Water
... is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values ... An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+ , that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as a hydroxide ion ... In a water molecule, the hydrogen atoms form a 104.5° angle with the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms are close to two corners ... Photosynthetic cells use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen. In the presence of sunlight, hydrogen is ...
Biotic Ligand Model
... and hydrogen ion concentration using effective toxicant concentration. Per the results Pagenkopf assessed the applicability of ... Gill surfaces can form complexes with the metal species and hydrogen ions that are present in the water. Metal exchange between ... Competitive inhibition occurs between the calcium and magnesium and the toxicants which include trace-metals and hydrogen ions ... The free ion activity model was created to explain original observations about behaviors of metals in aquatic organisms and to ...
Hydrology of the Catawissa Tunnel
The concentration of organic carbon was measured to be 13.0 milligrams per liter. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the ... Its concentration was measured to be 8 micrograms per liter. The concentration of total dissolved solids in the waters of the ... These metals have concentrations on the order of several milligrams per liter. A number of other metals have concentrations on ... The bismuth concentration is less than 1 microgram per liter and the arsenic concentration is 1 milligram per liter. A number ...
Enantiostasis
... calcium ion concentration, and hydrogen ion concentration. When these concentrations are varied in the same direction, they ... To stabilize oxygen binding at low ionic concentrations, the crab increases its internal pH (decreasing the hydrogen ion ... In the juvenile stage, the crab has higher magnesium ion concentrations resulting in higher hemocyanin oxygen affinity. This ... Intrinsic oxygen affinity is inversely proportional magnesium ion concentrations in the crab, which counterbalances the ...