Unsolved problem in physics: Why is the vacuum energy density much smaller than a zero-point energy suggested by quantum field ... Ellis, George F. R. (2014). "The trace-free Einstein equations and inflation". General Relativity and Gravitation. 46: 1619. ... the gravitational effect of negative pressure is a kind of repulsion. (Pressure here is defined as the flux of quantum- ... The vacuum energy in quantum field theory can be set to any value by renormalization. This view treats the cosmological ...

In late 2012 LQC represented a very active field in physics, with about three hundred papers on the subject published in the ... resolution of gravitational singularities, as well as the development of effective semi-classical Hamiltonians. This subfield ... Conformally augmented gauge structure of gravitation". Physical Review D. 98 (12): 124041. arXiv:1810.01232. Bibcode:2018PhRvD ... Bojowald, Martin (2019). "Effective Field Theory of Loop Quantum Cosmology". Universe. 5 (2): 44. arXiv:1906.01501. Bibcode: ...

... of the gravitational field on a 3-dimensional hypersurface. The set of all possible spin networks (or, more accurately, "s- ... General Relativity and Gravitation. 42 (4): 877. arXiv:gr-qc/0303026. Bibcode:2010GReGr..42..877B. doi:10.1007/s10714-009-0892- ... the classical black hole spacetime comes about from the semiclassical limit of the quantum state of the gravitational field, ... point function is determined by the state of the gravitational field on the boundary of the spacetime region considered. ...

When inspiralling reaches the strong zone of the gravitational field, the waves scatter within the zone producing what is ... and yet have enough volume to determine the gravitation radiation that propagates to infinity. In order to reduce the number of ... Gravitational waves can cause significant loss of orbital energy, but not until the separation shrinks to a much smaller value ... Gravitational wave emission peaks at this time. Immediately following the merger, the now single black hole will "ring". This ...

"Gravitational Waves Exist: The Inside Story of How Scientists Finally Found Them". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved ... Weiss brought two fields of fundamental physics research from birth to maturity: characterization of the cosmic background ... Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 331 ... He co-founded the NSF LIGO (gravitational-wave detection) project, which was based on his report "A study of a long Baseline ...

For example: his main work on Gravitation; a history of theories of gravitation; a treatise on final causes; a biographical ... Le Sage's father was well acquainted with the scientific fields in which Fatio worked, and he tutored Le Sage in the sciences. ... He shared the prize with one other entrant, but his theory of cohesion never gained acceptance, and only the gravitational ... Le Sage began to write a history of theories of gravitation, in which he intended to describe the theories of Fatio and Redeker ...

K is a uniform gravitational field, whereas K' has no gravitational field but is uniformly accelerated such that objects in the ... Misner, Charles W.; Thorne, Kip S.; and Wheeler, John A.; Gravitation, New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1973, Chapter 16 ... By definition of active and passive gravitational mass, the force on M 1 {\displaystyle M_{1}} due to the gravitational field ... It also implies the absence of interactions with "external" fields other than the gravitational field.[citation needed] The ...

This introduces an additional factor of 8π into Newton's law of universal gravitation but simplifies the Einstein field ... and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity. c = 1 {\displaystyle c=1\ } G = 1 {\displaystyle G=1\ } The ... Therefore, the Einstein field equation is dimensionally consistent in these units. Path curvature is the reciprocal of the ... Physical quantities which can be identified with path curvature include the components of the electromagnetic field tensor. Any ...

He then used that same balance to improve upon Cavendish's measurement of the gravitational constant G. Boys published his ... "On the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation". Nature. 50 (1292): 330-334. August 1894. Bibcode:1894Natur..50..330.. doi:10.1038/ ... known for his careful and innovative experimental work in the fields of thermodynamics and high-speed photography, and as a ... EngvarB from July 2017, Use dmy dates from July 2017, Articles with hCards, Articles with Project Gutenberg links, Articles ...

"Gravitational Waves and Binary Black Holes, an Inside Story". HuffPost. February 12, 2016. "Congressional Record Extensions of ... on Quantum Field Theory in curved spacetimes), received in 1987 and 1992. Carlos Lousto has an extensive research experience ... in the RIT's School of Mathematical Sciences and co-director of the Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation. He ... Lousto, Carlos O. (2000-06-05). "Pragmatic Approach to Gravitational Radiation Reaction in Binary Black Holes". Physical Review ...

Einstein, A. (1936). "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field". Science. 84 (2188): 506 ... Effects of gravitation, Gravitational lensing). ... the bending of light due to its gravitational field, as ... Gravitational microlensing is an astronomical phenomenon due to the gravitational lens effect. It can be used to detect objects ... Microlensing is caused by the same physical effect as strong gravitational lensing and weak gravitational lensing but it is ...

In 1745, Bošković published De Viribus Vivis in which he tried to find a middle way between Isaac Newton's gravitational theory ... Notwithstanding the arduous duties of his professorship, he found time for investigation in various fields of physical science ... the inequalities in terrestrial gravitation, the application of mathematics to the theory of the telescope, the limits of ... Retrieved 22 December 2017. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ( ...

... geotechnical engineering gluon Graham's law of diffusion gravitation gravitational constant gravitational energy gravitational ... electric charge electric circuit electric current electric displacement field electric generator electric field electric field ... Aerodynamics is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these ... It includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. The ...

It contributed substantially to British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's 1942 victory over German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel ... Andrzej Trautman, Polish mathematical physicist who has made contributions to classical gravitation in general and to general ... 8 (2004) 83-139 Ivor Robinson, Andrzej Trautman, "Spherical Gravitational Waves". Phys. Rev. Lett. 4 pp. 431-432 (1960). ... He was the inventor of the first Walkie-Talkies and one of the authors of his company success in the fields of radio ...

Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, while ... "Quantum Theory of Gravitation", in Balian, Roger; Zinn-Justin, Jean (eds.), Methods in Field Theory - Les Houches Summer School ... The main reason is that the gravitational field-like any physical field-must be ascribed a certain energy, but that it proves ... and include gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, the gravitational redshift of light, the Shapiro time delay and ...

A relatively weak gravitational field, such as the Earth's or the Sun's, is represented by a metric that is approximately, but ... Misner, Charles W.; Thorne, Kip S.; Wheeler, John Archibald (1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman. Mlodinow (2001). Euclid's ... relative to the strength of the gravitational field). Euclidean geometry is an example of synthetic geometry, in that it ... This is equivalent to the decidability of real closed fields, of which elementary Euclidean geometry is a model. Absolute ...

Gravitation and Cosmology. Eds. S. Mukherjee, A.R. Prasanna & A.K. Kembhavi, 1992. Wiley Eastern. Starbursts : Triggers, Nature ... Pulsar magnetic field decay from a comparison between observed data and simulations Galaxies: Quantitative study of galaxy ... and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory LIGO). He also conceived and executed the INFONET project under the ... Kembhavi's areas of expertise largely include gravitation theory, extragalactic astronomy and astronomical database management ...

These gravitational attractive forces do conform to Newton's laws of motion and to his law of universal gravitation, but the ... In astrophysical systems with strong gravitational fields, such as those near the event horizon of a black hole, n-body ... Newton's law of gravity says that the gravitational force felt on mass mi by a single mass mj is given by F i j = G m i m j ‖ q ... The gravitational potential may be "softened" to remove the singularity at small distances: U ε = ∑ 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n G m i m j ‖ q ...

... a charged body in an electric field experiences a force in the direction of that field, a force proportional to its charge q {\ ... In general relativity, gravitational force is reimagined as curvature of spacetime. A curved path like an orbit is not the ... In such cases, the centripetal force is gravity, and by Newton's law of universal gravitation has magnitude G M m / r 2 {\ ... displaystyle q} and to the strength of the electric field. In addition, a moving charged body in a magnetic field experiences a ...

The gravitational waves from this coalescence can give the resulting SMBH a velocity boost of up to several thousand km/s, ... Gravitation from supermassive black holes in the center of many galaxies is thought to power active objects such as Seyfert ... At masses just below the limit, the disc luminosity of a field galaxy is likely to be below the Eddington limit and not strong ... The broadening was due to the gravitational redshift of the light as it escaped from just 3 to 10 Schwarzschild radii from the ...

Newton also developed the theory of gravitation. In 1679, Newton began to consider gravitation and its effect on the orbits of ... Many of them were revolutions in their own fields. For almost five millennia, the geocentric model of the Earth as the center ... History of science portal Science portal World portal Chemical revolution History of gravitational theory Information ... This work culminated in the work of Newton, and his Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation which ...

For this reason, the study of Earth's gravitational field is called physical geodesy. The geoid essentially is the figure of ... as well as in verifying the Newtonian constant of gravitation. In the future, gravity and altitude might become measurable ... and gravitational field; however, geodetic science and operations are applied to other astronomical bodies in our Solar System ... resisted by Earth's gravitational field. This applies to the solid surface, the liquid surface (dynamic sea surface topography ...

Evans, M. W. (2005c). "The Spinning and Curving of Spacetime: The Electromagnetic and Gravitational Fields in the Evans Field ... "A Generally Covariant Field Equation for Gravitation and Electromagnetism". Foundations of Physics Letters. 16 (4): 369-377. ... Evans, M. W. (2004c). "Unification of Gravitational and Strong Nuclear Fields" (PDF). Foundations of Physics Letters. 17 (3): ... and the Correct Field Equations Satisfied by the Tetrad Fields". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 14 (12): 2095-2150 ...

... at the Lagrange points the combined gravitational fields of two massive bodies balance the centrifugal pseudo-force, allowing ... The location of L1 is the solution to the following equation, gravitation providing the centripetal force: M 1 ( R − r ) 2 − M ... Accordingly, the gravitational forces from the two massive bodies are in the same ratio as the masses of the two bodies, and so ... Here, the combined gravitational forces of the two large masses balance the centrifugal force on a body at L2. On the opposite ...

In a roughly uniform gravitational field, in the absence of any other forces, gravitation acts on each part of the body roughly ... The gravitational constant (also known as the universal gravitational constant, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, or the ... Aerodynamics is a sub-field of gas dynamics, which in turn is a sub-field of fluid dynamics. Many aspects and principles of ... Gravitational slingshot - In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, ...

These gravitational waves can work as sort of standard sirens to measure the expansion rate of the universe. Abbot et al. 2017 ... Wiltshire, D. (2008). "Cosmological equivalence principle and the weak-field limit". Physical Review D. 78 (8): 084032. arXiv: ... Mattsson, Teppo (2010). "Dark energy as a mirage". General Relativity and Gravitation. 42 (3): 567-599. arXiv:0711.4264. ... Recent discoveries of gravitational waves through LIGO and VIRGO not only confirmed Einstein's predictions but also opened a ...

The gravitational constant (also known as the universal gravitational constant, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, or the ... The gravitational constant appears in the Einstein field equations of general relativity, G μ ν + Λ g μ ν = κ T μ ν , {\ ... Colloquially, the gravitational constant is also called "Big G", distinct from "small g" (g), which is the local gravitational ... The standard gravitational parameter GM appears as above in Newton's law of universal gravitation, as well as in formulas for ...

It is not necessary to choose the object in the Solar System with the largest gravitational field as the center of the ... This introduced gravitation as the force which both kept the Earth and planets moving through the universe and also kept the ... In 1687, Isaac Newton stated the law of universal gravitation, described earlier as a hypothesis by Robert Hooke and others. ... His main achievement was to mathematically derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion from the law of gravitation, thus helping ...

There is also a stress-energy tensor for the scalar field. The scalar field behaves like a variable gravitational constant, in ... In physics, Kaluza-Klein theory (KK theory) is a classical unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism built ... It shows that the electromagnetic field is a source for the scalar field. Note that the scalar field cannot be set to a ... acts as a coupling constant between the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field. If the base manifold is four- ...

Dirac had hypothesized that because the gravitational constant G is very roughly equal to the inverse age of the universe in ... In 1961, this led to the Brans-Dicke theory of gravitation, developed with Carl H. Brans, an equivalence-principle violating ... An important contribution to the field of spectroscopy and radiative transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke ... Roll, P. G.; Krotkov, R.; Dicke, R. H. (1964). "The equivalence of inertial and passive gravitational mass". Annals of Physics ...