Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
... erythrose 4-phosphate fructose 1-phosphate ⇌ DHAP + glyceraldehyde Aldolase is used in the reversible trunk of gluconeogenesis/ ... into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Aldolase can also produce ... The chief products of the Calvin cycle are triose phosphate (TP), which is a mixture of DHAP and G3P, and fructose 6-phosphate ... Triose-phosphate isomerase maintains DHAP and G3P in near equilibrium, producing the mixture called triose phosphate (TP) G3P ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.662.693 - 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.662.695 - ... glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.657.163.750 - glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases MeSH D08.811. ... malate dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.047.748 - malate dehydrogenase (nadp+) MeSH D08.811.682.047.892 - xanthine dehydrogenase ... acetoin dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.047.070 - alcohol dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.047.150 - carbohydrate dehydrogenases ...
Pentose phosphate pathway
1 ribose-5-phosphate + 2 xylulose-5-phosphate → 2 fructose-6-phosphate + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate ... An NADPH-utilizing pathway forms NADP+, which stimulates Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce more NADPH. This step is ... Several deficiencies in the level of activity (not function) of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase have been observed to be ... October 1998). "Early phagocytosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium ...
Electron transport chain
... formate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, H2 dehydrogenase (hydrogenase), ... and inorganic phosphate. Complex I (NADH coenzyme Q reductase; labeled I) accepts electrons from the Krebs cycle electron ... Some dehydrogenases are also proton pumps, while others funnel electrons into the quinone pool. Most dehydrogenases show ... In the case of lactate dehydrogenase in E. coli, the enzyme is used aerobically and in combination with other dehydrogenases. ...
Fructose
... and glyceraldehyde. Unlike glycolysis, in fructolysis the triose glyceraldehyde lacks a phosphate group. A third enzyme, ... Fructose 1-phosphate then undergoes hydrolysis by aldolase B to form DHAP and glyceraldehydes; DHAP can either be isomerized to ... The glyceraldehyde produced may also be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by glyceraldehyde kinase or further converted ... The resultant glyceraldehyde formed by aldolase B then undergoes phosphorylation to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Increased ...
Glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and NADP+, ... Other names in common use include glycerol phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), dehydrogenase, L-glycerol 3 ... and the presence of a reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-triose phosphate oxidoreductase in rat muscle". ... Wood T (1974). "Catalysis of pentose phosphate pathway reactions by cytoplasmic fractions from muscle, uterus and liver of the ...
Glycerol
... phosphate dehydrogenase NAD+ NADH NAD+ NADH Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Triosephosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The ... it must be converted to their intermediate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the following steps: Glycerol Glycerol kinase ATP ADP ... Retrieved 3 June 2023. "'Not suitable for under-4s': New industry guidance issued on glycerol in slush-ice drinks". Food ... 18 (3): 213-219. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2007.05.002. PMID 17532205. "Engineers Find Way To Make Ethanol, Valuable Chemicals From ...
Methylglyoxal synthase
Triose phosphate catabolism switches over to MGS when phosphate concentrations are too low for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ... dehydrogenase activity. In situations when glycolysis is restricted by phosphate starvation, the switch to MGS serves to ... Ser55 in the active site of MGS is responsible for discriminating the binding of an inorganic phosphate from the phosphate ... Indeed, MGS is strongly inhibited by phosphate concentrations that are close to the Km of phosphate serving as substrate for ...
Fructolysis
... to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde; DHAP can either be isomerized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by ... NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, as well as pyruvate ... On the other hand, the splitting of fructose 1 phosphate to DHAP and glyceraldehyde by Aldolase B is relatively slow. Therefore ... The glyceraldehyde produced may also be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by glyceraldehyde kinase or converted to ...
Lactarius deterrimus
"Worldwide phylogeny of Lactarius section Deliciosi inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene ... The cap is 3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in), rarely up to 12 cm (4+1⁄2 in) wide and more or less centrifugal-shaped and round. It is at ... It is 4 to 8 cm (1+1⁄2 to 3 in) (rarely 10 cm (4 in)) long, 1 to 1.5 cm (3⁄8 to 5⁄8 in) wide and barely foveate or blotchy. On ... 7: 3-11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2012-08-21. Holden EM. (2003). "Recommended English Names ...
List of enzymes
Diacetyl reductase EC 1.1.1.5 Glycerol dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.6 Propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.7 glycerol-3- ... Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.12 Pyruvate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.51 ... Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) EC 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) EC 1.1.1.2 Homoserine dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.3 ... L-xylulose reductase EC 1.1.1.10 Lactate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.27 Malate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.37 Isocitrate dehydrogenase EC ...
GPD
... purpose datatype Generalized Pareto distribution Generalized Parton Distributions Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase Mount ... GPD Win 3 and GPD Pocket This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title GPD. If an internal link led you ...
Glyceraldehyde
D-glyceraldehyde, NADPH and H+. The interconversion of the phosphates of glyceraldehyde (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) and ... The enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) has two substrates, glycerol and NADP+, and 3 products, ... glyceraldehyde in the late 19th century, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography in 1951. In the D/L system, glyceraldehyde is ... glyceraldehyde are assigned an L-. Glyceraldehyde can be prepared, along with dihydroxyacetone, by the mild oxidation of ...
Pyridoxal phosphate
PdxS catalyzes the condensation of ribulose 5-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and ammonia, this latter molecules is ... encoding erythronate 4 phosphate dehydrogenase) in E. coli. The serendipitous pathway was very inefficient, but was possible ... Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic ... Pyridoxal phosphate is a cofactor of ornithine carboxylase. Transamination. Pyridoxal phosphate takes part in decomposition and ...
Arsenic biochemistry
At the substrate level, during glycolysis, glucose-6-arsenate binds as a substrate to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ... through the reaction with D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The anhydride 1-arsenato-3-phospho-D-glycerate generated readily ... Although phosphate and arsenate are structurally similar, there is no evidence that arsenic replaces phosphorus in DNA or RNA. ... The replacement of phosphate by arsenate is initiated when arsenate reacts with glucose and gluconate in vitro. This reaction ...
Trypanosoma
... evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA". Int. J. Parasitol. 34 (12): ... 80 (7): 62-3. PMID 15771199. Joshi PP, Chaudhari A, Shegokar VR, et al. (2006). "Treatment and follow-up of the first case of ... doi:10.1038/news030127-3. Retrieved 4 October 2021. Brun R, Hecker H, Lun ZR (1998) Trypanosoma evansi and T. equiperdum: ... 67 (3): 158. doi:10.12968/hmed.2006.67.3.20624. PMID 16562450. Environmental kinetoplastid-like 18S rRNA sequences and ...
Dehydrogenase
... glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, producing NADPH) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ... acetaldehyde dehydrogenase alcohol dehydrogenase Delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase glutamate dehydrogenase (an enzyme that can ... alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (uses NAD+) succinate dehydrogenase (uses FAD) malate dehydrogenase (uses NAD+) An IUPAC ... In the above case, the dehydrogenase has transferred a hydride while releasing a proton, H+, but dehydrogenases can also ...
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.16: galactitol 2-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.17: mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.18 ... L-glutamate γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase * EC 1.2.1.89: D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) * EC 1.2.1.90: glyceraldehyde-3- ... malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+)] EC 1.1.1.300: NADP-retinol dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.301: D-arabitol-phosphate dehydrogenase EC ... glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+)] EC 1.1.1.48: D-galactose 1-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.49: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( ...
Trypanosoma antiquus
... evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA". Int. J. Parasitol. 34 (12): ... The holotype, deposited in the Oregon State University as specimen number P-3-3, was mined from the La Toca mine in the ...
PKM2
On the one hand, nuclear PKM2 was found to participate in the phosphorylation of histone 1 by direct phosphate transfer from ... PKM2 is a cytosolic enzyme that is associated with other glycolytic enzymes, i.e., hexokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase ... phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, and lactate dehydrogenase within a so-called glycolytic enzyme complex ... In turn, the SAICAR-PKM2 complex can potentially phosphorylate a number of other protein kinases using PEP as the phosphate ...
Steroid
Lichtenthaler HK (June 1999). "The 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants". Annual Review ... uses pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as substrates to produce IPP and DMAPP. During diseases pathways otherwise not ... 186 (3): 429-58. 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15228.x. PMID 2606099. p. 430: The prefix oxo- should also be used in ... An example of such removal is "5α-pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione", where the last "e" of "pregnane" is dropped due to the vowel ("o ...
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
It is rapidly and reversibly isomerised to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Compound C05378 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 4.1. ... Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is the anion with the formula HOCH2C(O)CH2OPO32-. ... It is the phosphate ester of dihydroxyacetone. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate lies in the glycolysis metabolic pathway, and is one ... The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate. ...
Glyceroneogenesis
When dihydroxyacetone phosphate is produced, glyceroneogenesis will branch off from gluconeogenesis. With the expense of NADH, ... Lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase will form pyruvate at the expense of NAD+. Furthermore, by using 1 ATP and ... and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. However, when an organism is deficient in carbohydrates such as glucose, such as during fasting ... Jeoung NH, Harris RA (October 2010). "Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in the regulation of blood glucose levels". ...
Pyrococcus furiosus
The next oxidoreductase to be discovered was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, or GAPOR, which utilizes ... Pyrococcus furiosus possesses several highly thermostable alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs): the short-chain AdhA, the iron- ... Mukund, Swarnalatha; Adams, Michael W.W. (April 1995). "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase, a Novel Tungsten- ... furiosus and put through various mutations in a laboratory in order to obtain a suitable alcohol dehydrogenase for use in ...
Paleoleishmania
... evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA". Int. J. Parasitol. 34 (12): ... P-3-5, amastigotes and paramastigotes associated with the species host, a relatively complete female sandfly of the species ...
Amphibolic
In this process, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized through 6-phosphogluconate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, with ... Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase". Biochemistry. 7 (11): 4041-4045. doi:10.1021/bi00851a035. PMID 4301881. Pandey ... The ribose-5-phosphate can be transported into the nucleic acid metabolism, producing the basis of DNA and RNA monomers, the ... By conventional glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation to pyruvate, one NAD is reduced and a net one[clarification needed] ATP is ...
Lipid metabolism
In the cytosol of the cell (for example a muscle cell), the glycerol will be converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which is ... The process of beta oxidation requires the following enzymes: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA ... dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. The diagram to the left shows how fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA. The ... 71 (3): 547-548. JSTOR 2430826?. Jo Y, Okazaki H, Moon YA, Zhao T (2016). "Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Beyond". ...
Glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
"The kinetics and reaction mechanism of the nicotinamide-adinine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glycerol dehydrogenase of rat ... D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are D- ... In enzymology, a glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.72) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol + ... Kormann AW, Hurst RO, Flynn TG (1972). "Purification and properties of an NADP+-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit ...
Ribonucleotide
The starting materials for the synthesis (cyanamide, cyanoacetylene, glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and inorganic phosphate) ... Dihydroorotase and dihydroorotase dehydrogenase then converts N-Carbamoylaspartate to orotate. Orotate is covalently linked ... The 5'-phosphate group of one nucleotide is linked to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide, creating a backbone of ... Without the phosphate group, the composition of the nucleobase and sugar is known as a nucleoside. The interchangeable ...
Sulfoglycolysis
... glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP), yielding fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). The SLA released can either be oxidized (to sulfolactate) ... catalyzed by sulfolactaldehyde dehydrogenase using NAD+ as a co-factor). The transaldolase can also catalyze transfer of the C3 ... glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP), yielding a second molecule of xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P). Finally, the sulfoacetaldehyde is ... moiety to glyceraldehyde phosphate, yielding fructose-6-phosphate; sulfolactaldehyde may be reduced to (S)-2,3-dihydroxypropane ...