... can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, L-glutamine and D-glutamine. The L-form is found in nature. Glutamine ... Glutamine synthesis from glutamate and ammonia is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. The most relevant glutamine- ... Glutamine metabolism is a carbon and nitrogen source. Glutamine level in the blood serum is the highest among other amino acids ... Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lungs and brain. Although the liver is capable of relevant glutamine ...

... glutamine does not withstand sterilization procedures, whereas alanyl-glutamine does. Alanyl-glutamine's high solubility makes ... Alanyl-glutamine is a chemical compound which in the form L-alanyl-L-glutamine is used in dietary supplementation, in ... In cell culture, L-alanyl-L-glutamine is sometimes used as a replacement for L-glutamine because this dipeptide is stable in ... It is a dipeptide consisting of alanine and glutamine. As a dietary supplement, alanyl-glutamine protects the gastrointestinal ...

... influences glutamine synthesis and glutamine hydrolysis. Glutamine is formed if an ammonium ion attacks the acyl-phosphate ... forming glutamine and inorganic phosphate. ADP and Pi do not dissociate until ammonia binds and glutamine is released. ATP ... Glutamine + ADP + phosphate Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and ... "A glutamine riboswitch is a key element for the regulation of glutamine synthetase in cyanobacteria". Nucleic Acids Research. ...

It was demonstrated that glnA RNAs correspond to glutamine-binding riboswitches, i.e., they sense glutamine concentrations in ... "A glutamine riboswitch is a key element for the regulation of glutamine synthetase in cyanobacteria". Nucleic Acids Res. doi: ... The glutamine riboswitch (formerly glnA RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure that was predicted by bioinformatics. It is ... The fact that RNAs from both motifs selectively bind glutamine supports this hypothesis, but detailed structural data is not ...

... (GATase) domains can occur either as single polypeptides, as in glutamine amidotransferases, or as ... In molecular biology, glutamine amidotransferases (GATase) are enzymes which catalyse the removal of the ammonia group from a ... Weng ML, Zalkin H (July 1987). "Structural role for a conserved region in the CTP synthetase glutamine amide transfer domain". ... This activity is found in a range of biosynthetic enzymes, including glutamine amidotransferase, anthranilate synthase ...

At GABAergic synapses, the cycle is called the GABA-glutamine cycle. Here the glutamine taken up by neurons is converted to ... Discoveries of glutamate and glutamine pools within intercellular compartments led to suggestions of the glutamate-glutamine ... Astrocytes readily convert glutamate to glutamine via the glutamine synthetase pathway and released into the extracellular ... The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of either glutamate or GABA from neurons ...

In enzymology, a protein-glutamine glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction protein L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-L-glutamine amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include ... Enzymes for selective deamidation of gamma-amide of peptide-bound glutamine". Biochemistry. 10 (7): 1222-9. doi:10.1021/ ... the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-glutamine and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-glutamate and NH3. ...

This box: view edit Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure. Reliability of data general note. ^a CID 738 from PubChem (Gln) ^a CID 145815 from PubChem (D) ^a CID 5961 from PubChem (L) (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, PubChem ID (CID) not in Wikidata, Chemical data pages, Chemical data pages cleanup ...

N-acyl-L-glutamine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and L-glutamine, whereas its two products are CoA and N ... In enzymology, a glutamine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acyltransferase. Webster LT, Siddiqui UA, Lucas SV, Strong ... L-glutamine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other ...

Other names in common use include glutamine transaminase K, and glutamine-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase. It employs one ... In enzymology, a glutamine-phenylpyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.64) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L- ... Cooper AJ, Meister A (1974). "Isolation and properties of a new glutamine transaminase from rat kidney". J. Biol. Chem. 249 (8 ... Cooper AJ (1978). "Purification of soluble and mitochondrial glutamine transaminase K from rat kidney. Use of a sensitive assay ...

In enzymology, a glutamine-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-glutamine + ... glutamine-tRNA synthetase, glutamine translase, glutamate-tRNA ligase, glutaminyl ribonucleic acid, and GlnRS. This enzyme ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamine:tRNAGln ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include ... L-glutamine, and tRNA(Gln), whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln). This enzyme belongs to the ...

In enzymology, a glutamine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-glutamine + ... Other names in common use include glutaminase II, L-glutamine transaminase L, and glutamine-oxo-acid transaminase. This enzyme ... MEISTER A (1954). "Studies on the mechanism and specificity of the glutamine-alpha-keto acid transamination-deamidation ... Cooper JL, Meister A (1972). "Isolation and properties of highly purified glutamine transaminase". Biochemistry. 11 (5): 661-71 ...

Other names in common use include glutamine phenylacetyltransferase, and phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acetyltransferase. This ... L-glutamine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine Thus, the two substrates of this ... In enzymology, a glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase. ...

L-glutamine-keto-scyllo-inositol aminotransferase, glutamine-scyllo-inosose transaminase, and L-glutamine-scyllo-inosose ... In enzymology, a glutamine-scyllo-inositol transaminase (EC 2.6.1.50) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamine:2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone aminotransferase. Other names in ... the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine and 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone, whereas its two products are 2- ...

The substrates of this enzyme are ATP, deamido-NAD+, L-glutamine, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are AMP, diphosphate, NAD+, ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is deamido-NAD+:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming). Bieganowski P, Pace HC, ... In enzymology, a NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ... Wojcik M, Seidle HF, Bieganowski P, Brenner C (November 2006). "Glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthetase. How a two-domain, three- ...

... (EC 6.3.5.4, asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing), glutamine-dependent ... Asparagine+synthase+(glutamine-hydrolysing) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: ... Tesson AR, Soper TS, Ciustea M, Richards NG (May 2003). "Revisiting the steady state kinetic mechanism of glutamine-dependent ... Boehlein SK, Richards NG, Schuster SM (March 1994). "Glutamine-dependent nitrogen transfer in Escherichia coli asparagine ...

The systematic name of this enzyme class is aspartyl-tRNAAsn:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme participates ... In enzymology, an asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... and L-glutamine, whereas its 4 products are ADP, phosphate, asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn), and L-glutamate. This enzyme belongs to the ... family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor. ...

Glutamine amidotransferases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is adenosylcobyrinic-acid-a,c-diamide:L-glutamine amido- ... In enzymology, an adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... L-glutamine, and H2O; its four products are ADP, phosphate, adenosylcobyric acid, and L-glutamate. This enzyme belongs to the ... family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor ( ...

The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutamyl-tRNAGln:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme participates ... In enzymology, a glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... and L-glutamine, whereas its 4 products are ADP, phosphate, glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln), and L-glutamate. This enzyme belongs to the ... family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor. ...

In enzymology, a glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) (EC 2.6.1.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating). This enzyme ... the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine and D-fructose 6-phosphate, whereas its two products are L-glutamate and D- ... chemical reaction L-glutamine + D-fructose 6-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } L-glutamate + D-glucosamine 6- ...

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) (EC 4.3.3.6, PdxST) is an enzyme with systematic name D-ribose 5- ... Pyridoxal+5'-phosphate+synthase+(glutamine+hydrolyzing) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine ⇌ {\ ... L-glutamine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } L-glutamate + NH3 (1b) D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3- ...

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRSL1 gene. GRCh38: ... "Entrez Gene: Glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1". Retrieved 2018-05-17. Vieira AR, McHenry TG, Daack- ...

The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogenobyrinic-acid:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme is also ... In enzymology, a hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes ... L-glutamine, and H2O; its four products are ADP, phosphate, hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide, and L-glutamate. This enzyme ... belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as ...

... and glutamine". American Journal of Surgery. 183 (4): 471-9. doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00823-1. PMID 11975938. "Glutamine". ... The amino acid glutamine has been used as a component of oral supplementation to reverse cachexia in people with advanced ... However, many of these clinical studies used HMB as a component of combination treatment with glutamine, arginine, leucine, ...

3075-7. Yoshioka K, Takehara H, Okada A, Komi N (June 1992). "Glutamine antagonist with diet deficient in glutamine and ... Pinkus LM (1977). Glutamine binding sites. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 46. pp. 414-27. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(77)46049-X. ISBN ... 683) and 244 nm (E1%1 cm 376). DON is used as inhibitor of different glutamine utilizing enzymes. Due to its similarity to ... 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antagonist, which was isolated originally from Streptomyces in a sample of ...

FTCD Glutamine deficiency, congenital; 610015; GLUL Glutaricaciduria, type I; 231670; GCDH Glutaricaciduria, type IIA; 231680; ...

... glutamine). These mutations and some key abnormalities they cause are: V205M: familial disease characterized by severe anemia ...

Woolfolk, C. A.; Shapiro, B.; Stadtman, E. R. (1966). "Regulation of glutamine synthetase. I. purification and properties of ... glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that will always be associated with his name. From the 1970s onwards Stadtman published many ... based especially on his results with glutamine synthetase, to generate very high sensitivity to effectors. Stadtman was active ... glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 116 (1): 177-192. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(66)90026-9. ...

Yoo HC, Yu YC, Sung Y, Han JM (2020). "Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism". Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 52 (9): 1496- ... Overexpression of SIRT4 inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inhibition of glutamine metabolism. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...

... (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to ... Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the plasma and an additional energy source in tumor cells especially when ... Glutamine can be converted to citrate without NADH production, uncoupling NADH production from biosynthesis. Citric acid cycle ... High extracellular glutamine concentrations stimulate tumor growth and are essential for cell transformation. On the other hand ...