Glutamate is synthesized in the central nervous system from glutamine as part of the glutamate-glutamine cycle by the enzyme ... Glutamate exerts its effects by binding to and activating cell surface receptors. In mammals, four families of glutamate ... Glutamate transporters, EAAT and VGLUT, are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the ... Sponges possess metabotropic glutamate receptors, and application of glutamate to a sponge can trigger a whole-body response ...

... glutamate (E620) Monopotassium glutamate (E622) Calcium glutamate (E623) Monoammonium glutamate (E624) Magnesium glutamate ( ... Free glutamate is the form directly tasted and absorbed whereas glutamate bound in protein is not available until further ... Glutamate flavoring is the generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates). These ... Nonetheless, glutamate by itself does not elicit an intense umami taste. The mixing of glutamate with nucleotides inosine-5'- ...

N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate <=> tetrahydrofolate + N-formyl-L-glutamate It is classified ... Glutamate+formimidoyltransferase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology This ... Glutamate formimidoyltransferase is a methyltransferase enzyme which uses tetrahydrofolate as part of histidine catabolism. It ... "The molecular basis of glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency". Hum. Mutat. 22 (1): 67-73. doi:10.1002/humu.10236. PMID ...

Glutamate+carboxypeptidase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.4.17) ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Release of C-terminal glutamate residues from a wide range of N-acylating ... Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Goldman P, Levy CC (October 1967). "Carboxypeptidase G: purification and properties". Proceedings ... Glutamate carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.11, carboxypeptidase G, carboxypeptidase G1, carboxypeptidase G2, glutamyl ...

... (MPG) is the compound with formula KC5H8NO4. It is a potassium salt of glutamic acid. It has the E ... Monoammonium glutamate v t e (Articles without EBI source, Articles without KEGG source, ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, E ... Glutamates, Potassium compounds, Flavor enhancers, E-number additives, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

... is a compound with formula NH4C5H8NO4. It is an ammonium acid salt of glutamic acid. It has the E number ... Monopotassium glutamate v t e (Articles without EBI source, Articles without KEGG source, Articles without UNII source, ECHA ... Glutamates, Ammonium compounds, E-number additives, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

... (also called glutargin) is a mixture of two amino acids, 50% arginine and 50% glutamic acid, used in liver ...

... ((S)-α-Amino-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-5,7-dinitro-δ-oxo-1H-indole-1-pentanoic acid) is a caged form of the glutamate ... the bioactive glutamate is released instantly and behaves as a neurotransmitter, which provides information about receptor ... currently DNI-Glu is thought to be the most advanced caged-glutamate compound for neuroscientific research. DNI-Glu, the ...

In humans the relevant genes are called GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) and GLUD2 (glutamate dehydrogenase 2), and there are ... Typically, the α-ketoglutarate to glutamate reaction does not occur in mammals, as glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium favours ... glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the ammonia is assimilated to amino acids via glutamate and ... L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+ EC 1.4.1.4: L-glutamate ...

Excessive glutamate, or excitotoxins acting on the same glutamate receptors, overactivate glutamate receptors (specifically ... may be partially due to glutamate binding NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. In vitro spinal cord cultures with glutamate ... which increases vulnerability of nerve cells to glutamate. This could decrease the effect glutamate has on glutamate receptors ... Glutamate was initially discovered to be a neurotransmitter in insect studies in the early 1960s. Glutamate is also used by the ...

... monohydrate L-Monosodium glutamate monohydrate Monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate MSG monohydrate Sodium glutamate monohydrate ... Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some ... The following are alternative names for MSG: Chemical names and identifiers Monosodium glutamate or sodium glutamate Sodium 2- ... Fernstrom, John D. (2018). "Monosodium Glutamate in the Diet Does Not Raise Brain Glutamate Concentrations or Disrupt Brain ...

Monosodium glutamate "Sodium L-glutamate". v t e (Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an ... Disodium glutamate, abbreviated DSG, (Na2C5H7NO4) is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. It is used as a flavoring agent to impart ... Disodium glutamate can be produced by neutralizing glutamic acid with two molar equivalents of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ... Glutamates, Organic sodium salts, Umami enhancers, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

The sodium/glutamate symporter, also known as glutamate permease, is a transmembrane protein family found in bacteria and ... In studies of E. coli growth, bacteria without GltS were unable to grow in a medium where glutamate is the only source of ... Szvetnik A, Gál J, Kálmán M (October 2007). "Membrane topology of the GltS Na+/glutamate permease of Escherichia coli". FEMS ... These proteins are symporters that are responsible for the sodium-dependent uptake of extracellular glutamate into the cell. ...

The activity of glutamate transporters also allows glutamate to be recycled for repeated release. There are two general classes ... VGluT3 (Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 3) that is encoded by the SLC17A8 gene is a member of the vesicular glutamate ... After glutamate is released as the result of an action potential, glutamate transporters quickly remove it from the ... Overactivity of glutamate transporters may result in inadequate synaptic glutamate and may be involved in schizophrenia and ...

... (NADPH) Glutamate synthase (NADH) Glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) "Phylogenetic Relationships Among ... This enzyme manufactures glutamate from glutamine and α-ketoglutarate, and thus along with glutamine synthetase (abbreviated GS ... Glutamate synthase (also known as Glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) is an enzyme and frequently abbreviated as GOGAT. ... and glutamate synthase (glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; GOGAT). GOGAT isoenzymes catalyze the transfer of the amido ...

D-glutamate Hence, this enzyme RacE has one substrate, L-glutamate, and one product, D-glutamate. This enzyme belongs to the ... Furthermore, glutamate racemase is not expressed nor is the product of this enzyme, D-glutamate is normally found in mammals, ... Glutamate racemase has emerged as a potential antibacterial target since the product of this enzyme, D-glutamate, is an ... Murl involves a two-step process to catalyze the glutamate enantiomers to D-glutamate. The first step is a deprotonation of the ...

... or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to ... Higher glutamate levels activate microglia and activation of xc(−) increases the extracellular glutamate release. Peripheral ... "Calmodulin binding to glutamate decarboxylase is required for regulation of glutamate and GABA metabolism and normal ... This is done by GAD decarboxylating glutamate to GABA, which requires H+ to be uptaken as a reactant and raises the pH inside ...

The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect ... Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind with glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. The ... Metabotropic glutamate receptors are also thought to affect dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission. Like other glutamate ... "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and glutamate signaling in human melanoma". Cancer Research. 67 (5): 2298-305. doi:10.1158/ ...

... acetylornithine glutamate acetyltransferase, glutamate acetyltransferase, N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase, N-acetylglutamate ... N-acetyl-L-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N2-acetyl-L-ornithine and L-glutamate, whereas its two ... In enzymology, a glutamate N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N2-acetyl-L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use ...

The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of either glutamate or GABA from neurons ... Discoveries of glutamate and glutamine pools within intercellular compartments led to suggestions of the glutamate-glutamine ... Then the synthesis of α-ketoglutarate and glutamate occurs, after which glutamate is again metabolized into GABA by GAD. The ... Here the glutamine taken up by neurons is converted to glutamate, which is then metabolized into GABA by glutamate ...

Glutamate rich protein 5 is a protein in humans encoded by the ERICH5 gene, also known as chromosome 8 open reading frame 47 ( ... "ERICH5 glutamate rich 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "NCBI Conserved ... ERICH5 is also known as C8orf47 and glutamate rich 5. The ERICH5 protein has two isofroms. The longest isofrom, isofrom 1, ...

... is a molecule formed from by the reduction of tRNA bound glutamate, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA ... Glutamate-5-semialdehyde Beale SI (August 1990). "Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Pigment Precursor, delta-Aminolevulinic Acid ... It is isomerized by glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase to give aminolevulinic acid in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, ... from Glutamate". Plant Physiol. 93 (4): 1273-9. doi:10.1104/pp.93.4.1273. PMC 1062668. PMID 16667613. Willows, R.D. (2004). " ...

Glutamate synthase (NADH) Glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) Temple SJ, Vance CP, Gantt JS (1998). "Glutamate synthase and ... NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase, NADPH-glutamate synthase, and NADPH-linked glutamate synthase. As of late 2007, only one ... glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), synthase, glutamate synthase (NADPH), glutamate synthetase ( ... L-glutamate synthase, L-glutamate synthetase, L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, NADPH oxidizing, ...

Glutamate-1-semialdehyde Baich A (1971). "The Biosynthesis of Proline in Escherichia coli: Phosphate-Dependent Glutamate- ... Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is a non-proteinogenic amino acid involved in both the biosynthesis and degradation of proline and ... It is synthesized by the reduction of glutamyl-5-phosphate by glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Reduction of glutamic ...

In enzymology, glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.79, also known as prephenate transaminase, PAT, and L-glutamate: ... Therefore, glutamate is used as the amino donor to convert prephenate into arogenate. This enzyme belongs to the family of ... In the absence of glutamate, aspartate can act as the amino donor in the reaction without the need for a different enzyme, but ... Glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase catalyzes the reversible reaction shown below: , and its primary purpose is to convert ...

In enzymology, a L-glutamate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-glutamate + O2 + H2O ... Other names in common use include glutamate (acceptor) dehydrogenase, glutamate oxidase, glutamic acid oxidase, glutamic ... Yoshino H (1983). "Purification and properties of a new enzyme, L-glutamate oxidase, from Streptomyces sp X-119-6 grown on ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). ...

In enzymology, a glutamate-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-glutamate + ... glutamate-tRNA synthetase, and glutamic acid translase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: glutamate metabolism ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:tRNAGlu ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include ... L-glutamate, and tRNA(Glu), whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu). This enzyme belongs to the ...

Poly-γ-glutamate is a metabolite of Bacillus subtilis. Poly-γ-glutamate inhibits tyrosinase and melanogenesis in vitro. Liu, X ... Liu, F.; Liu, S.; Li, H.; Ling, P.; Zhu, X. (2013). "Poly-γ-glutamate from Bacillus subtilis inhibits tyrosinase activity and ...

In enzymology, a glutamate-putrescine ligase (EC 6.3.1.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-glutamate ... L-glutamate, and putrescine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and gamma-L-glutamylputrescine. This enzyme belongs to ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:putrescine ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include ...

In enzymology, a glutamate 1-kinase (EC 2.7.2.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-glutamate ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:L-glutamate 1-phosphotransferase. Wang WY, Gough SP, Kannangara CG (1981). " ... IV Isolation of three soluble enzymes required for the conversion of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinate". Carlsberg Res. Commun ... the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-glutamate, whereas its two products are ADP and alpha-L-glutamyl phosphate. ...