... mating type idiomorphs". Phytopathology. 108 (7): 837-846. doi:10.1094/PHYTO-07-17-0233-R. ISSN 0031-949X. PMID 29381450. ... Venturia effusa is a fungal pathogen of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis), on which it causes pecan scab. The fungus is highly ... The 45 Mb genome comprises 20 chromosomes, ranging from 0.56 to 4.1 Mb, including approximately 10,800 genes. Young, Carolyn A ... Venturia effusa is a sexual species in the fungal genus Venturia. Venturia effusa was first described in 1885. ...

These insights are discussed further in the article Gene conversion. A mating between wild-type (dark brown) and mutant (tan) ... This response is likely mediated by a specific fungal receptor called the S. fimicola white collar-1 photoreceptor (SfWC-1). ... gene or vice versa. And so the phenomenon was termed "gene conversion." Gene conversion was first detected in S. fimicola in ... When a wild type (+) strain is mated with a mutant (m) strain, ordinarily each ascus will contain a pattern of four + and four ...

"Phylogeny and evolution of mating-type genes from Pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of barley "net blotch" disease". Current ... Fungal plant pathogens and diseases, Fungi described in 1971, All stub articles, Pleosporales stubs, Fungal plant disease stubs ... Fungal Authority Species Fungorum regards this form to be a synonym of Pyrenophora teres. Campbell, G. F.; Crous, P. W.; Lucas ... USDA ARS Fungal Database v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with ' ...

They have a tetrapolar mating system, meaning that there the mating type is controlled by 2 loci. Recently, the genome of L. ... 2002). Fungal gene expression in early symbiotic interactions between Laccaria bicolor and red pine. Plant and Soil 244: 117- ... The type species is Laccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver. Other notable species include L. bicolor, and the ... 2017). "Out of Asia: Biogeography of fungal populations reveals Asian origin of diversification of the Laccaria amethystina ...

... neoformans are mating type alpha. Filaments of mating type alpha have haploid nuclei ordinarily, but these can undergo a ... Fungal pathogens of humans, Animal fungal diseases, Fungal plant pathogens and diseases, Yeasts, Bird diseases, Fungi and ... Required for this process is a gene designated dmc1, a conserved homologue of genes recA in bacteria, and rad51 in eukaryotes ( ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-1021. ...

The second reason is that haploid cells of one mating type, upon cell division, often produce cells of the opposite mating type ... Jacques Monod and François Jacob used Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria, in order to develop the operon model of gene ... Fungal genetics uses yeast, and filamentous fungi as model organisms for eukaryotic genetic research, including cell cycle ... Mating occurs when haploid cells of opposite mating types MATa and MATα come into contact. Ruderfer et al. pointed out that, in ...

... based in part on the presence of functional mating-type genes and most of the important genes known to be involved in meiosis. ... As this fungus does not form visible fruiting bodies, descriptions are based on macromorphological characteristics of fungal ... Isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of a sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene (Ari1) from Penicillium roqueforti ... a type of enzyme-modified cheese. A similar flavoring can be produced using other sources of fatty acids such as coconut oil. ...

Th1-type cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is required for clearance of a fungal infection. Candida albicans is a kind of diploid ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J (2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection". ... Like many fungal pathogens it mostly affects immunocompromised people; if in the blood or other organs and tissues, mortality ...

... including the human genes for ABO blood type.[citation needed] If one or more genes cannot be expressed because of another ... They can only transfer from cell to cell when their host undergoes mating. All progeny of a mating involving a doubly infected ... This phenomenon can be detected through the offspring non-Mendelian ratios, and is frequently observed, e.g., in fungal crosses ... Gene conversion can be one of the major forms of non-Mendelian inheritance. Gene conversion arises during DNA repair via DNA ...

Lin, X.; Hull, C. M.; Heitman, J. (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus ... and found that the pattern of gene expression of C. cinerea was similar to two other fungal species, the yeasts Saccharomyces ... These fungi are said to be homothallic, versus the normal heterothallic species with mating types. Others are secondarily ... because the mating genes must differ for them to be compatible. However, there are sometimes more than two possible alleles for ...

Fungal mycelia are typically haploid. When mycelia of different mating types meet, they produce two multinucleate ball-shaped ... Thus if one of the parental genomes in the diploid cells contained mutations leading to defects in one or more gene products, ... Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis or heterogenesis) is the predominant type of life cycle in plants and ... which nevertheless may have its own defects in other genes). As the diploid phase was becoming predominant, the masking effect ...

Fungi employ two mating systems: heterothallic species allow mating only between individuals of the opposite mating type, ... and gene regulation. Other fungal models have emerged that address specific biological questions relevant to medicine, plant ... The majority of C. neoformans are mating "type a". Filaments of mating "type a" ordinarily have haploid nuclei, but they can ... Mating experiments between fungal isolates may identify species on the basis of biological species concepts. The major fungal ...

"Structure and function of a mating-type gene from the homothallic species Neurospora africana". Mol. Gen. Genet. 244 (4): 401-9 ... Mutant and wild-type strains of Neurospora are available from the FGSC. The FGSC also publishes the Fungal Genetics Reports. ... Metzenberg RL, Glass NL (February 1990). "Mating type and mating strategies in Neurospora". BioEssays. 12 (2): 53-9. doi: ... They carry both mating types, but in separate nuclei in the same individual. Two haploid nuclei originating from the same ...

Two versions of a putative mating-type locus have been found in the sequenced genomes, each present in approximately half of ... Genes involved in High Osmolarity Glycerol signalling pathway were also found and were suggested to play an important role in ... Fungal Genetics and Biology. 49 (3): 217-226. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2012.01.007. ISSN 1096-0937. OSTI 1165588. PMID 22326418. ... Three gene family expansions that were observed in W. mellicola were considered significant, including heat shock protein, ...

... which tend to be colonized by a single mating type. The genome sequences of two isolates of P. variotii of opposite mating type ... "The fungal gene cluster for biosynthesis of the antibacterial agent viriditoxin". Fungal Biology and Biotechnology. 6: 2. doi: ... and mating experiments have shown that P. variotii can form ascomata and ascospores in culture when compatible mating types are ... de Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, Figueras MJ (2000). Atlas of Clinical Fungi. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Reus, Spain: Universitat Rovira i ...

Despite the high number of MAPK genes, MAPK pathways of higher plants were studied less than animal or fungal ones. Although ... The mating MAPK pathway consist of three tiers (Ste11-Ste7-Fus3), but the MAP2 and MAP3 kinases are shared with another pathway ... A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine ... While Fus3 and Kss1 are closely related ERK-type kinases, yeast cells can still activate them separately, with the help of a ...

... is an important model organism for studying fungal sex and mating types, mushroom development, and the ... They compared expression of particular genes in C. cinerea to the expression of the comparable genes (orthologs) in two other ... Depending on the mutant, auxotrophy markers (requires lost gene to be inserted) or prototrophy (when causing essential gene ... Efficient gene targeting in ΔCc.ku70 or ΔCc.lig4 mutants of the agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. Lcc1 and Lcc5 are the main ...

Guo, L. Y.; Ko, W. H. (January 20, 1993). "Distribution of mating types and the nature of survival of Pythium splendens in soil ... Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... "Characterization of Pythium Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis at Different Stages of Fermentation". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): ...

... after the mating types (MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) of the strains had been determined using PCR amplification. The airborne asexual ... The principal genes responsible for producing penicillin, pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE are closely linked, forming a cluster on ... Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBS-KNAW- Fungal Biodiversity Centre. pp. 1-398. Andersen B, Frisvad JC, Søndergaard I, Rasmussen IS ... "Sexual reproduction and mating-type-mediated strain development in the penicillin-producing fungus Penicillium chrysogenum". ...

Two mating types have been identified. Homologs of eight meiosis specific genes are present in the V. dahliae genome. These ... Verticillium dahliae is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes verticillium wilt in many plant species, causing leaves to curl and ... Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Fungal plant pathogens and diseases, Fungi described in 1913, Enigmatic Hypocreales taxa ...

Shown in Mucorales, sexual reproduction is under the control of mating type genes, sexP and sexM, which regulate the production ... The fungal phylogeny". 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 29-30. ISBN 978-1-108-74568-0 ... The sexP gene is expressed during vegetative growth and matting, while the sexM gene is expressed during mating. ... Lee SC, Idmurm A (2018). "8. Fungal sex: The Mucoromycota". In Heitman J, Howlett BJ, Crous PW, Stukenbrock EH, James TY, Gow ...

... mating type. Germination of these spores produces new haploid hyphae of the same mating type. M. racemosus possesses the ... Genomic analysis of M. racemosus has revealed genes similar to human RAS genes, and it is proposed that these genes help with ... In the manufacture of sufu (fermented cheese-like soybean product common in China and Vietnam), the fungal fermentation of ... During sexual reproduction, hyphae of compatible mating types touch and fuse, ultimately giving rise to a thick-walled ...

These sterile males mate with wild type females and no offspring is produced, reducing the population size. Another control ... To increase the lethality of the fungus, a gene from a spider was inserted into the fungus causing it to produce a neurotoxin. ... Most notably, scientists in Burkina Faso were studying the Metarhizium fungal species. This fungus in a high concentration can ... There are several types of biocontrol, including the direct introduction of parasites, pathogens, and predators to target ...

... genes involved in the control of mating type are found in these silent regions, and SIR2 represses their expression by ... Noble SM, Johnson AD (February 2005). "Strains and strategies for large-scale gene deletion studies of the diploid human fungal ... This stress can lead to mating between two individuals of the same mating type, an interaction that may be frequent in nature ... The reporter gene used in the system is the HIS1 gene. When proteins interact, the cells will be able to grow on medium lacking ...

These factors are all variants or alleles of a single gene, as opposed to the tetrapolar mating system of some other ... There are at least 33 different mating-type factors within the British population of this fungus. ... These fungal "individuals" can sometimes be seen if a slice of brown-rotted birch wood is incubated in a plastic bag for ... or germinating spores can only mate and form a fertile dikaryon with an individual that possesses a different mating-type ...

A pycniospore can fertilise a receptive hypha of the opposite mating type, leading to the production of a mycelium that is ... A number of stem rust resistance genes (Sr genes) have been identified in wheat. Some of them arose in bread wheat (e.g. Sr5 ... The fungal ancestors of stem rust have infected grasses for millions of years and wheat crops for as long as they have been ... An NLR (or NB-LRR, or R gene) from Aegilops sharonensis, one of only three resistance genes from that species. Was discovered ...

... mating types in some fungal species are somewhat analogous to sexual dimorphism in animals, and determine whether or not two ... However, G. intestinalis was recently found to have a core set of genes that function in meiosis and that are widely present ... mating Ladybugs mating Spittlebugs (Aphrophora alni) mating Dogs mating Goats mating Cats mating Like in animals, mating in ... mating strategies include random mating, disassortative mating, assortative mating, or a mating pool. In some birds, it ...

... this depends on mating type a or b, as determined by alleles at two unlinked mating loci. If this signalling is successful they ... As a pathogen, U. maydis can respond to such an oxidative burst by an oxidative stress response, regulated by gene YAP1. This ... These galls are made up of hypertrophied cells of the infected plant, along with resulting fungal threads, and blue-black ... U. maydis Genome at the Broad Institute MUMDB giving easy access to U. maydis genes (Articles with short description, Short ...

... population genomics found evidence of recombination between strains and a mating type locus was identified in all sequenced ... Inability to grow without salt is an exception in the fungal kingdom, but is common in halophilic Archaea. The fungus grows in ... ichthyophaga there are almost no expansions in metal cation transporter genes and their expression is not salt-responsive. On ... Kralj Kuncic, M.; Kogej, T.; Drobne, D.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2009). "Morphological Response of the Halophilic Fungal Genus ...

It spreads between cells during yeast mating. The family of Totiviridae in general helps M-type dsRNAs in a wide variety of ... MAK genes are not known. The toxin consists of three subunits, which are matured in golgi complex by signal peptidase and ... Production and effect of killer toxin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kluyveri on sensitive yeasts and fungal pathogens ... There are other killer systems in S. cerevisiae, such as KHR1 and KHS1 genes encoded on chromosomes IX and V, respectively. The ...