... a partial rearrangement of the heavy-chain gene occurs which is followed by complete rearrangement of heavy-chain gene. Here at ... Antibody (or immunoglobulin) structure is made up of two heavy-chains and two light-chains. These chains are held together by ... mμ heavy chain and surrogate light chain are formed. The final rearrangement of the light chain gene generates immature B cell ... 1979). "Cloned pairs of variable region genes for immunoglobulin heavy-chains isolated from a clone library of the entire mouse ...
The third teleost Ig heavy chain gene was identified very recently and does not resemble any of the heavy chains so far ... These heavy chain types vary between different animals. All heavy chains contain a series of immunoglobulin domains, usually ... The heavy chain doesn't always have to bind to a light chain. Pre-B lymphocytes can synthesize heavy chain in the absence of ... Heavy chains α and γ have approximately 450 amino acids. Heavy chains μ and ε have approximately 550 amino acids. Each heavy ...
... transcriptional coactivator for nuclear hormone receptors gene NCOA2; f) Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene IGH; g) enzyme genes ... "IGH immunoglobulin heavy locus (human )". Entrez Gene. "TTL tubulin tyrosine ligase (human)". Entrez Gene. "CHIC2 cysteine rich ... Thus, the ETV6 gene reportedly forms translocation-induced fusion genes with: a) tyrosine kinase receptor gene FGFR3; b) non- ... The following table lists the more frequently occurring genes to which ETV6 fuses, the function of these genes, these genes' ...
2006). "Reconsidering the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus: 1. An evaluation of the expressed human IGHD gene repertoire ... "Entrez Gene: IGHD immunoglobulin heavy constant delta". Shin SU, Wei CF, Amin AR, et al. (1992). "Structural and functional ... Ig delta chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHD gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000211898 - ... 1982). "Amino acid sequence of the first constant region domain and the hinge region of the delta heavy chain of human IgD". ...
Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHV@ gene. IGHV is the immunoglobulin heavy ... Matthyssens G, Rabbitts TH (1981). "Structure and multiplicity of genes for the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable ... "CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma consists of germline cases and hypermutated cases in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ... "Physical linkage of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene segment to diversity and joining region elements". ...
"IGHA1 - Ig alpha-1 chain C region - Homo sapiens (Human) - IGHA1 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2016-10-16. " ... Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 is a immunoglobulin gene with symbol IGHA1. It encodes a constant (C) segment of ... Complete nucleotide sequences for the alpha-1 heavy chain constant region and the allelic alpha-2 heavy chain regions were ... "Entrez Gene: IGHA1 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1". Kratzin, H.; Altevogt, P.; Ruban, E.; Kortt, A.; Staroscik, K.; ...
"A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ... "Sequence of a mouse germ-line gene for a variable region of an immunoglobulin light chain". Proceedings of the National Academy ... "Transcriptional enhancer elements in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus". Science. 221 (4611): 663-665. Bibcode:1983Sci ... The split gene theory is a theory of the origin of introns, long non-coding sequences in eukaryotic genes between the exons. ...
... of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and light chain genes in B cells forms the genetic basis for the presence ... "Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable, Diversity, and Joining Region Gene Rearrangement". National Cancer Institute Thesaurus. ... The allelic exclusion of light chain genes Igκ and Igλ is a process that is controlled by the monoallelic initiation of V(D)J ... Pelanda R (April 2014). "Dual immunoglobulin light chain B cells: Trojan horses of autoimmunity?". Current Opinion in ...
Pascual, V.; Capra, J. D. (1991). Human immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes: Organization, polymorphism, and ... "Receptor revision of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in normal human B lymphocytes". The Journal of ... "Somatic hypermutation introduces insertions and deletions into immunoglobulin V genes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. ... Hurley, C. K.; Shaw, S.; Nadler, L.; Schlossman, S.; Capra, J. D. (1982). "Alpha and beta chains of SB and DR antigens are ...
"Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: evolutionary comparisons of C mu, C delta and C gamma genes and associated switch ... "Entrez Gene: IGHM immunoglobulin heavy constant mu". Kristensen T, Lopez R, Prydz H (1992). "An estimate of the sequencing ... Tsubata T, Reth M (1990). "The products of pre-B cell-specific genes (lambda 5 and VpreB) and the immunoglobulin mu chain form ... 1973). "Complete amino acid sequence of the Mu heavy chain of a human IgM immunoglobulin". Science. 182 (4109): 287-91. Bibcode ...
"Expression and regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transfected into lymphoid cells". The EMBO Journal. Wiley. 2 (8): ... "AID Is Essential for Immunoglobulin V Gene Conversion in a Cultured B Cell Line". Current Biology. Elsevier BV. 12 (5): 435-438 ... Di Noia, Javier; Neuberger, Michael S. (31 July 2002). "Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting ... "Immunoglobulin Isotype Switching Is Inhibited and Somatic Hypermutation Perturbed in UNG-Deficient Mice". Current Biology. ...
Clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes (heavy and light chains) are frequently seen. The deletion 7q21-32 is seen in ... Dunn-Walters DK, Boursier L, Spencer J, Isaacson PG (June 1998). "Analysis of immunoglobulin genes in splenic marginal zone ... 40% of SMZL patients, and translocations of the CDK6 gene located at 7q21 have also been reported. Enlargement of the spleen is ...
"Organization of the constant-region gene family of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain". Cell. 28 (3): 499-506. doi:10.1016/ ... a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death". The EMBO Journal. 11 (11): 3887-3895. doi: ... He succeeded in cDNA clonings of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines involved in class switching and IL-2 receptor alpha chain in 1986, and ... He presented a model explaining antibody gene rearrangement in class switch and, between 1980 and 1982, verified its validity ...
They form two long heavy chains and two short light chains. But vertebrate genome does not code entire genes of heavy and light ... immunoglobulins, only gene segments. Segments of heavy chain are located on chromosome 14, they include 11 constant gene ... Complementary mRNA of heavy chain can be translated into immunoglobulin specific only for one lymphocyte. Migliaccio, Anna Rita ... During rearrangement, segment VH on heavy chain locus is connected with one DH segment, then V-D group is combined with JH ...
"The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes". The ... "Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes" (PDF). Proceedings of the ... "Entrez Gene: IGHE immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon". Venkitaraman AR, Williams GT, Dariavach P, Neuberger MS (Aug 1991). " ... "Cloning and sequence determination of the gene for the human immunoglobulin epsilon chain expressed in a myeloma cell line". ...
"Pax5 induces V-to-DJ rearrangements and locus contraction of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene". Retrieved 2019-01-08. " ... Busslinger also contributed to the current knowledge of how the large locus encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) ... This long-range looping induces the juxtaposition of Variable (V) gene segments next to Diversity (D) gene segments, which ... There, he discovered that a single nucleotide mutation in the first intron of the β-globin gene causes β+-thalassemia and that ...
Krawinkel U, Rabbitts TH (1984). "Comparison of the hinge-coding segments in human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain genes and ... "Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes" (PDF). Proceedings of the ... "Entrez Gene: IGHG2 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 (G2m marker)". Connell GE, Parr DM, Hofmann T (Jun 1979). "The amino ... Milstein C, Frangione B (Jan 1971). "Disulphide bridges of the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G2". The Biochemical Journal ...
"Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes" (PDF). Proceedings of the ... "Entrez Gene: IGHG4 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (G4m marker)". McLean GR, Nakouzi A, Casadevall A, Green NS (Oct 2000 ... Ig gamma-4 chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHG4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000211892 ... Ellison J, Buxbaum J, Hood L (1983). "Nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma 4 gene". DNA. 1 (1): 11-8. doi: ...
They are formed by light and heavy chain of the variable region of an immunoglobulin. The two chains are linked by a flexible ... The functionality may be enhanced by site-specific chemical modifications, adding a peptide-tag or by fusion with a gene to ... They mostly consist of a heavy and light chain of the variable region of immunoglobulin. Recombinant antibodies have many ... "Assembly of functional antibodies from immunoglobulin heavy and light chains synthesised in E. coli". Nucleic Acids Research. ...
Flanagan JG, Rabbitts TH (Dec 1982). "Arrangement of human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes implies ... "Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes" (PDF). Proceedings of the ... "Entrez Gene: IGHA2 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 (A2m marker)". Kerr MA (Oct 1990). "The structure and function of ... Toraño A, Putnam FW (Feb 1978). "Complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 2 heavy chain of a human IgA2 immunoglobulin of the ...
"Entrez Gene: IGHG1 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)". Ponstingl H, Hilschmann N (1977). "[The rule of ... 1971). "The covalent structure of a human gamma G-immunoglobulin. VII. Amino acid sequence of heavy-chain cyanogen bromide ... 1971). "The covalent structure of a human gamma G-immunoglobulin. 8. Amino acid sequence of heavy-chain cyanogen bromide ... 1982). "Structure of human immunoglobulin gamma genes: implications for evolution of a gene family". Cell. 29 (2): 671-9. doi: ...
... with this gene fusion and eosinophilic cytokine comes under control of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus. This entity need ...
The first discovery of a eukaryotic enhancer was in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in 1983. This enhancer, located in the ... "A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ... "A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ... "A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes". Cell ...
"Transgenic mice containing a human heavy chain immunoglobulin gene fragment cloned in a yeast artificial chromosome". Nature ... Loring oversaw the development of PluriTest, an animal-free, molecular test of pluripotency that uses gene expression profiling ... Loring worked on gene editing in mouse embryonic stem cells, and created mouse models for human disease. She was the first to ... that retained regulatory elements of the human genes. At Incyte Genomics, she discovered the value of combining knowledge of ...
"Altered repertoire of endogenous immunoglobulin gene expression in transgenic mice containing a rearranged mu heavy chain gene ... The paper, published in the scientific journal Cell, showed unexpected results on how the immune system rearranges its genes to ...
"Overexpression and unique rearrangement of VH2 transcripts in immunoglobulin variable heavy chain genes in ankylosing ... CDC42 binding protein kinase beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42BPB gene. This gene encodes a member of ... "Entrez Gene: CDC42 binding protein kinase beta". Retrieved 2017-05-31. Choi SH, Czifra G, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Lazar J, Pu Y, ... Studies of the similar gene in rats suggested that this kinase may act as a downstream effector of Cdc42 in cytoskeletal ...
"Immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene features are correlated with primary cold agglutinin disease onset and activity". ... In people with cold agglutinin disease, the Coombs test is almost always positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM). Avoid cold ... However, no disease-causing genes have been identified and no familial cases have been reported. All individuals have ... cold agglutinin may be multifactorial which means that multiple environmental factors and genes likely interact to predispose a ...
"Altered repertoire of endogenous immunoglobulin gene expression in transgenic mice containing a rearranged mu heavy chain gene ... altered repertoire of endogenous immunoglobulin gene expression in transgenic mice containing a rearranged mu heavy chain gene ... "control of lg gene rearrangement might be the only mechanism that determines the specificity of heavy chain gene expression ... "Depletion of the predominant B-cell population in immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain transgenic mice". Nature. 329 (6134): 71-3. doi ...
... immunoglobulin genes: Heavy chain alpha (IgA): IGHA1, IGHA2 Heavy chain gamma (IgG): IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGHG4 Heavy chain ... "Entrez Gene: IGH immunoglobulin heavy locus". "Gene Family: Immunoglobulin heavy locus at 14q32.33 (IGH)". HGNC: HUGO Gene ... Immunoglobulin heavy locus, also known as IGH, is a region on human chromosome 14 that contains a gene for the heavy chains of ... "A VH gene is located within 95 Kb of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes". Eur. J. Immunol. 18 (11): ...
... binds to the mu-E3 motif of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer and is expressed in many cell types (Henthorn et al., 1991 ... "TFEC can function as a transcriptional activator of the nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain-A gene in transfected cells". ... a transcription factor that binds the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer, maps to Xp11.22". Genomics. 11 (2): 374-8. doi: ... Heimann P, El Housni H, Ogur G, Weterman MA, Petty EM, Vassart G (2001). "Fusion of a novel gene, RCC17, to the TFE3 gene in t( ...