The gene encoding the cholera toxin was introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. ... ToxT then directly activates expression of virulence genes that produce the toxins, causing diarrhea in the infected person and ... Furthermore, the researchers found the bacterium creates a hyperinfected state where genes that control biosynthesis of amino ... and two vaccines developed using the same transfer of technology-ShanChol (Shantha Biotec) and Euvichol (EuBiologics Co.), ...

Jeltsch A, Pingoud A (February 1996). "Horizontal gene transfer contributes to the wide distribution and evolution of type II ... Restriction enzymes likely evolved from a common ancestor and became widespread via horizontal gene transfer. In addition, ... To clone a gene fragment into a vector, both plasmid DNA and gene insert are typically cut with the same restriction enzymes, ... Wayengera M (2003). "HIV and Gene Therapy: The proposed [R-M enzymatic] model for a gene therapy against HIV". Makerere Med J. ...

In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Opinions differ on ... stresses is therefore thought to aide microorganism survival through dispersal of host genes through horizontal gene transfer. ... Viruses are an important natural means of transferring genes between different species, which increases genetic diversity and ... Viruses are an important natural means of transferring genes between different species, which increases genetic diversity and ...

M. tuberculosis is a clonal organism and does not exchange DNA via horizontal gene transfer. Despite an additionally slow ... PE/PPE gene families. About 10% of the coding capacity is taken up by the PE/PPE gene families that encode acidic, glycine-rich ... This is encoded by the inhA gene. As a result, isoniazid resistance is primarily due to mutations within inhA and the KatG gene ... Its size is 4 million base pairs, with 3,959 genes; 40% of these genes have had their function characterized, with possible ...

The lorica is composed of silica and possibly originates from diatoms via Horizontal gene transfer. The overall size of ...

Bacteria containing F-factors (said to be "F+") have the capability for horizontal gene transfer; they can construct a sex ... it has a fin 0 gene that inhibits the transfer operon's functionality. The size and number of drug resistance genes in each R ... They contain the gene called RTF (Resistance transfer factor). it is a family of Gram-negative rod-shaped (bacilli) bacteria, ... are the genes that encode these enzymes.Aminoglycoside resistance genes are also commonly found together with ESBL genes. ...

fungi, University of Oregon (Accessed 2012-01-11) Hilario E, Gogarten JP (1993). "Horizontal transfer of ATPase genes--the tree ... F-type and of some lineages of bacteria with A-type ATPase respectively is regarded as a result of horizontal gene transfer. V- ... Disruption of the gene vma-1 gene which encodes for the catalytic subunit (A) of the enzyme severely impairs the rate of growth ... the gene for the human c subunit of Vo is listed in NCBI gene database as "ATP6V0C" (with a zero), rather than "ATP6VOC" (with ...

"No evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer in the genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini". Proceedings of the ...

It may also have acquired genes from a species of archaea by horizontal gene transfer. Analyses of water from the bacteriums' ... It has genes for extracting carbon from dissolved carbon dioxide and for nitrogen fixation. ... consisting of 2157 genes instead of the 1500 of its peers. If conditions become unfavorable for normal life, Ca. D. audaxviator ...

... advantage may occasionally be conferred by occasional instances of horizontal gene transfer also called lateral gene transfer ... the composite nature of bacterial genomes provides abundant evidence that the horizontal gene transfer caused by competence ... noting the occasional advantage of horizontal gene transfer. Arguments to support genetic diversity as the primary evolutionary ... has identified an excitable core module of genes which can explain entry into and exit from competence when cellular noise is ...

"No evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer in the genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini". Proceedings of the ...

Thus, 16S rRNA genes may have evolved through multiple mechanisms, including vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer ... However, a growing number of observations suggest the occurrence of horizontal transfer of these genes. In addition to ... Furthermore, in T. thermophilus, both complete and partial gene transfer was observed. Partial transfer resulted in spontaneous ... shown by experimental horizontal gene transfer in Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

Each consists of a transposon backbone of about 16.3 Kb that facilitates horizontal gene transfer. This makes horizontal gene ... suggesting it was acquired by horizontal gene transfer. A. baumannii has been noted for its apparent ability to survive on ... Antibiotic resistance genes are commonly transferred between Gram-negative bacteria through plasmids via conjugation, which ... Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the blaOXA-23, blaPER-1, and aphA6 genes could be successfully transferred between ...

The gene encoding the cholera toxin was introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. ... Tsai, Billy; Rapoport, Tom A. (2002). "Unfolded cholera toxin is transferred to the ER membrane and released from protein ...

... due to horizontal gene transfer, this "tree of life" may be more complicated than a simple branching tree since some genes have ... In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Bacteriophages ( ... Viruses are an important natural means of transferring genes between different species, which increases genetic diversity and ... "Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 6 (4): 417-24. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9. ...

... overlapping genes and incomplete genes. In prokaryotes it's essential to consider horizontal gene transfer when searching for ... gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This ... "An overview of the current status of eukaryote gene prediction strategies". Gene. 461 (1-2): 1-4. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.04. ... Ab Initio gene prediction is an intrinsic method based on gene content and signal detection. Because of the inherent expense ...

Dorman CJ (September 2014). "H-NS-like nucleoid-associated proteins, mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer in ... This DNA loop formation allows H-NS to control gene expression. Relief of suppression by H-NS can be achieved by the binding of ... H-NS has been observed to control around 60% of the temperature regulated genes and can dissociate from the DNA duplex at 37°C ... This is a common feature seen in horizontally acquired genes. Structural studies of H-NS use bacterial species such as E. coli ...

In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are ... Viruses are an important natural means of transferring genes between different species, which increases genetic diversity and ... However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged ... They discovered a gene in several species of bacteria responsible for production of the protein rhodopsin, previously unheard ...

... resistance genes can spread into bacterial populations without the respective selection pressure via horizontal gene transfer. ... "Horizontal gene transfer potentiates adaptation by reducing selective constraints on the spread of genetic variation". ... 1 October Researchers report the discovery of a novel overlapping gene (OLG) (a gene partially overlapping with a sequence of ... Dockrill, Peter (11 November 2020). "Scientists Just Found a Mysteriously Hidden 'Gene Within a Gene' in SARS-CoV-2". ...

... s are important agents of horizontal gene transfer, and are considered part of the mobilome. All families of bacterial ... Another important area of interest is the control of prophage gene expression with many of the lysogenic conversion genes (gene ... Upon the transfer of the bacterial cell's DNA into the host cell, the repressor protein is no longer encoded for, and the ... Zygotic induction occurs when a bacterial cell carrying the DNA of a bacterial virus transfers its own DNA along with the viral ...

Derbyshire KM, Gray TA (2014). "Distributive Conjugal Transfer: New Insights into Horizontal Gene Transfer and Genetic Exchange ... It is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although these two other mechanisms do not ... rhizogenes contain genes that are capable of transferring to plant cells. The expression of these genes effectively transforms ... "An Agrobacterium virulence factor encoded by a Ti plasmid gene or a chromosomal gene is required for T-DNA transfer into plants ...

The O. colligata genome has acquired these genes from its Daphnia host by horizontal gene transfer. It is suggested, that the ... However, no evidence has been found of the gene retaining its function after the host-to-parasite horizontal gene transfer. O. ... The gene density is 0.82 genes/kbp. On chromosome 8 in the low-GC region is a protein located, which has a homology to genes of ... Evolution of Extreme Reduction in Microsporidia and Host-To-Parasite Horizontal Gene Transfer". mBio. 6 (1): e02400-14. doi: ...

"Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica". Proceedings of the ... The CoRR Hypothesis proposes that this co-location of genes with their gene products is required for redox regulation of gene ... Some of the genes from the plant cell nucleus have even been transferred to the slugs, so that the chloroplasts can be supplied ... The electron is then passed along a chain of electron acceptors to which it transfers some of its energy. The energy delivered ...

There is evidence of horizontal gene transfer as a significant contributor to S. thermosulfidooxidans evolution, including an ... Evolution of Extreme Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Potentially Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Loss ... All of the sequenced genomes contain large numbers of genes associated with sulfur oxidation; for example, genes encoding ... unexpected relationship between a SOR gene and similar genes found only in archaea. "Genus Sulfobacillus". List of Prokaryotic ...

The PAI can be acquired by horizontal gene transfer and contains genes for several virulence factors. Two fully sequenced ... the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and/or the tdh-related hemolysin gene (trh). Strains possessing one or both of ... Aside from the T3SS, two genes encoding well-characterized virulence proteins are typically found on the PAI, ...

"Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica". Proc Natl Acad Sci U ... "Genome analysis of Elysia chlorotica Egg DNA provides no evidence for horizontal gene transfer into the germ line of this ... This seems to suggest that the genes have been laterally transferred from algae to the animals. DNA amplification experiments ... on transcriptomic analysis and sequencing of genomic DNA from the slug's eggs reject the hypothesis that lateral gene transfer ...

Evolution of Extreme Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Potentially Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Loss ... Differences between members include genome size and gene content related to sulfur oxidation pathways. Sulfobacillus was first ...

The few known examples from prokaryotes and viruses may be the result of horizontal gene transfers. The repeat has been found ... "NCBI Gene summary for DRD2". (interim reference) Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_TNKBM_1 Ankyrin+repeat at the ... Neville MJ, Johnstone EC, Walton RT (Jun 2004). "Identification and characterization of ANKK1: a novel kinase gene closely ...

Endosymbiotic gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer has occurred to a large extent in the genome of Lepidodinium. It ... Its been suggested that mixotrophic organisms, such as Lepidodinium, are more susceptible to horizontal gene transfer. Although ... along with horizontal gene transfer from prey. ... Other origins of genes in L. chlorophorum include green algae, ... Some genes associated with linages that have taken up green algae are present in the Lepidodinium genome and not in any other ...

It is proposed that Photorhabdus species acquired the toxin genes by horizontal gene transfer during evolution. The efficiency ... This includes genes encoding toxins that kill Manduca sexta, the tobacco hornworm, gene mcf that causes apoptosis in insect ... The DNA sequence of Photorhabdus contains a number of toxin-encoding genes that are essential for killing the insect after ... Another important sequence identified is the gene encoding polyketide and nonribosomal peptide syntheses which produce ...

"Horizontal Gene Transfer: Plant vs. Bacterial Genes for Antibiotic Resistance Scenario's-What's the Difference?". Isb.vt.edu. ... of comparatively large size and its coded protein acts in a manner which decreases the possibility of horizontal gene transfer ... it may be incapable of giving resistance to bacteria even if gene transfer occurs.[citation needed] Antibiotic resistance or ... which have taken up genes (e.g., of plasmids) coupled to a gene coding for kanamycin resistance (primarily Neomycin ...

By contrast, in asexual reproduction there is no recombination, but occasional horizontal gene transfer. Bacteria also exchange ... as mutations and horizontal gene transfers would have meant that offspring were likely to have different genomes from their ... evolving entities of primordial life with different characteristics and wide-spread horizontal gene transfer. From this pre- ... "Reducing the genome size of organelles favours gene transfer to the nucleus". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 16 (3): 135-141. ...

Transfer of genes makes possible the horizontal transfer of genes from one organism to another. Thus plants can receive genes ... or quantitative trait genes or minor genes or major genes) involved in controlling trait of interest are identified. The ... Usually the recipient of such genes is a cultivar that is already well performing - except for the gene that is to be ... The basic idea is to identify genes or markers associated with genes that correlate to a phenotypic measurement and that can be ...