... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS4 gene. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding ... Circulating levels of galectin-1/-3/-4 in CRC patients were importantly higher compared to those in controls. Gal-1 and gal-4 ... Recommended name:Galectin-4, Short name: Gal-4 Alternative name(s): Antigen NY-CO-27 L-36 lactose-binding protein, Short name: ... 2005). "Galectin-4 and sulfatides in apical membrane trafficking in enterocyte-like cells". J. Cell Biol. 169 (3): 491-501. doi ...

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS1 gene. LGALS1 contains four exons. The galectin-1 protein is 135 ... Galectin-1 is thought to play a role in creating immune tolerance in pregnancy. Galectin-1 is expressed by the endometrial ... Galectin-1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. Galectin-1 expression in Hodgkin ... Park JW, Voss PG, Grabski S, Wang JL, Patterson RJ (September 2001). "Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in ...

... was first isolated from mouse embryonic kidney in 1997 as a 36 kDa beta-galactoside lectin protein. Human galectin-9 ... Galectin-9, through its regulation of AMPK, a kinase that negatively regulates mTOR, cooperates with Galectin-8-based effects ... Galectin-9 is one of the most studied ligands for HAVCR2 (TIM-3) and is expressed on various tumor cells. However, it can also ... Zhang ZY, Dong JH, Chen YW, Wang XQ, Li CH, Wang J, Wang GQ, Li HL, Wang XD (2012). "Galectin-9 acts as a prognostic factor ...

The final galectin is galectin-3 which is the only galectin found in the chimera category in vertebrates. Galectin-3 has one ... The best understood galectin in terms of cancer is galectin-3. Evidence suggests that galectin-3 plays a considerable part in ... Galectin-3, galectin 8 and galectin-9 have been shown to play additional roles in autophagy both through control of mTOR ( ... Galectin-12 expression induces apoptosis of adipocytes. Galectin-3 has been shown to be the only galectin with anti-apoptotic ...

The roles of galectins and galectin-3, in particular, in cancer have been heavily investigated. Of note, galectin-3 has been ... Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family, of which 14 mammalian galectins have been identified. Galectin-3 is approximately ... Companies have developed galectin modulators that block the binding of galectins to carbohydrate structures. The galectin-3 ... Galectin-3 is encoded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14, locus q21-q22. Galectin-3 is expressed in the nucleus ...

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a soluble beta- ... 2006). "Genotype of galectin 2 (LGALS2) is associated with insulin-glucose profile in the British Women's Heart and Health ... 2007). "Human galectin-1, -2, and -4 induce surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated human neutrophils but not in ... Sturm A, Lensch M, Andre S, Kaltner H, Wiedenmann B, Rosewicz S, Dignass AU, Gabius HJ (Sep 2004). "Human galectin-2: novel ...

... is a protein of the galectin family that in humans is encoded by the LGALS8 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ... Galectin-8, interacts with the mTOR regulatory system composed of SLC38A9, Ragulator, RagAB, RagCD. Galectin-8 controls mTOR ... Hadari YR, Paz K, Dekel R, Mestrovic T, Accili D, Zick Y (February 1995). "Galectin-8. A new rat lectin, related to galectin-4 ... Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. The galectins have been ...

Su J, Wang Y, Si Y, Gao J, Song C, Cui L, Wu R, Tai G, Zhou Y (January 2018). "Galectin-13, a different prototype galectin, ... It is a galectin-like protein. The ligand of this protein is still unknown. PP13 levels that are low in the first trimester of ... 4 (5): 343-50. PMID 6856484. Than NG, Sumegi B, Than GN, Berente Z, Bohn H (November 1999). "Isolation and sequence analysis of ... 19 (4): 391-405. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt003. PMID 23420029. Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for ...

"Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis". J. Cell Sci. 113 (Pt 13): 2385-97. doi:10.1242/ ... Comparison of alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7 on the human B cell line JY". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (12): 8366-70. doi: ... Alpha 4 chain associates with either beta 1 chain or beta 7 chain. CD49d has been shown to interact with LGALS8 and Paxillin. ... 22 (4): 1099-102. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220434. PMID 1551405. S2CID 83613615. Sonnenberg A, Linders CJ, Modderman PW, Damsky CH, ...

Galectin-1 is expressed in adult NSCs and has been shown to have a physiological role in the treatment of neurological ... Lentivirus vectors were used to infect human NSCs (hNSCs) with Galectin-1 which were later transplanted into the damaged tissue ... Sakaguchi, M; Okano, H (2012). "Neural stem cells, adult neurogenesis, and galectin-1: From bench to bedside". Developmental ... 4 (3): 176-186. doi:10.18632/aging.100446. PMC 3348478. PMID 22466406. Renault VM, Rafalski VA, Morgan AA, Salih DA, Brett JO, ...

Galectin-3-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS3BP gene. The galectins are a family of beta- ... 2001). "Glycoprotein 90K/MAC-2BP interacts with galectin-1 and mediates galectin-1-induced cell aggregation". Int. J. Cancer. ... "Glycoprotein 90K/MAC-2BP interacts with galectin-1 and mediates galectin-1-induced cell aggregation". Int. J. Cancer. 91 (2): ... The native protein binds specifically to a human macrophage-associated lectin known as Mac-2 and also binds to galectin 1. ...

"Bactericidal activity of fish galectin 4 derived membrane-binding peptide tagged with oligotryptophan". Developmental and ... 40 (4): 503-514. doi:10.1007/s00249-010-0664-1. PMID 21222117. S2CID 22514308. Lee TH, Heng C, Swann MJ, Gehman JD, Separovic F ... 113 (4): 723-736. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05338.x. PMID 22583565. Kumaresan V, Bhatt P, Ganesh MR, Harikrishnan R, Arasu M ... 22 (4): 2103-2107. PMID 12174890. Kida-Takaoka S, Yamaai T, Mizukawa N, Murakami J, Iida S (November 2014). "Surrounding cells ...

Ramasamy S, Duraisamy S, Barbashov S, Kawano T, Kharbanda S, Kufe D (September 2007). "The MUC1 and galectin-3 oncoproteins ...

Reesink HL, Bonnevie ED, Liu S, Shurer CR, Hollander MJ, Bonassar LJ, Nixon AJ (May 2016). "Galectin-3 Binds to Lubricin and ... In synovial fluid it interacts with Galectin-3 that improves its lubricating property. Lubricin's unglycosylated regions can ... November 2020). "Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking ... Proteoglycan 4 or lubricin is a proteoglycan that in humans is encoded by the PRG4 gene. It acts as a joint/boundary lubricant ...

In conjunction with cyclin A and galectin-3, HK3 could be used as diagnostic biomarker to screen for malignancy in patients. ... cyclin A and galectin-3 are overexpressed in malignant follicular thyroid nodules". Clinical Endocrinology. 68 (2): 252-7. doi: ... 4: 4261. doi:10.1038/srep04261. PMC 3939455. PMID 24584857. Hooft L, van der Veldt AA, Hoekstra OS, Boers M, Molthoff CF, van ... 108 (4): 204-9. doi:10.1159/000065656. PMID 12432216. S2CID 23521290. Okatsu K, Iemura S, Koyano F, Go E, Kimura M, Natsume T, ...

Also known as galectin-3 (Gal3), LGALS3 participates in various cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell ... "LGALS3 galectin 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Gene. Graham RL, Sims AC, ... A total of 4 transcript variants are found in the RefSeq database. Variant 1 is most abundant. *Lengths shown do not include ... 37 (4): 420-423. doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0036-z. PMID 30778233. S2CID 216678118. Käll L, Krogh A, Sonnhammer EL (May 2004). "A ...

Park JW, Voss PG, Grabski S, Wang JL, Patterson RJ (September 2001). "Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in ... Park JW, Voss PG, Grabski S, Wang JL, Patterson RJ (2001). "Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in complexes ... Gem-associated protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEMIN4 gene. The product of this gene is part of the SMN ... Carnegie GK, Sleeman JE, Morrice N, Hastie CJ, Peggie MW, Philp A, Lamond AI, Cohen PT (2004). "Protein phosphatase 4 interacts ...

The NTD has a galectin-like protein fold, but binds sugar molecules somewhat differently than galectins. The CTD is responsible ... Within the S1 region, the N-terminal domain (NTD) is more conserved than the C-terminal domain (CTD). The NTD's galectin-like ... 7 (4): 1700-1725. doi:10.3390/v7041700. PMC 4411675. PMID 25855243. Walls, Alexandra C.; Park, Young-Jun; Tortorici, M. ... 4 (3): 26. doi:10.3390/diseases4030026. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406. Yeager, Curtis L.; Ashmun, Richard A.; Williams, Richard K ...

Barkan B, Cox AD, Kloog Y (February 2013). "Ras inhibition boosts galectin-7 at the expense of galectin-1 to sensitize cells to ... For example, JDP2 regulates MyoD gene expression with c-Jun and gene for galectin-7. JDP2 functionally associated with HDAC3 ... 4 (11): e921. doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.448. PMC 3847324. PMID 24232097. Liu J, Han Q, Peng T, Peng M, Wei B, Li D, et al. (July ... 13 (4): 331-338. doi:10.1038/nsmb1063. PMID 16518400. S2CID 21957070. Pan J, Nakade K, Huang YC, Zhu ZW, Masuzaki S, Hasegawa H ...

Hadari YR, Arbel-Goren R, Levy Y, Amsterdam A, Alon R, Zakut R, Zick Y (July 2000). "Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits ... 16 (4): 185-93. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(97)90007-X. PMID 9402008. CD49c+antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical ... Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, Zutter MM, Hemler ME (November 1997). "NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily ( ...

In 2018, he continued to look at galectin-driven regulation and how galectin-glycan interactions play a role in autoimmune ... They found that galectin-glycan interactions are crucial to immune response to reduce inflammation while also preventing ... In 2004, Rabinovich and his colleagues further researched the galectin-1 gene and found that if this gene is inhibited in vivo ... As of March 2020, Rabinovich and his colleagues published a patent for their invention of kits and methods which use galectin-1 ...

"Secreted IgD Amplifies Humoral T Helper 2 Cell Responses by Binding Basophils via Galectin-9 and CD44". Immunity. 49 (4): 709- ...

Magnaldo T, Bernerd F, Darmon M (1995). "Galectin-7, a human 14-kDa S-lectin, specifically expressed in keratinocytes and ... 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Nykjaer A, Conese M, Christensen EI, et al. (1997). " ...

"Removal of sialic acid involving Klotho causes cell-surface retention of TRPV5 channel via binding to galectin-1". Proceedings ... 57 (4): 509-26. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.11. PMID 16382105. S2CID 11588492. Brochard K, Boyer O, Blanchard A, Loirat C, Niaudet P, ... 111 (4): 446-54. doi:10.1161/circresaha.112.266445. PMC 3560389. PMID 22811560. Cha SK, Ortega B, Kurosu H, Rosenblatt KP, Kuro ... 375 (4): 651-4. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.076. PMID 18755144. Lazrak A, Liu Z, Huang CL (January 2006). "Antagonistic ...

Galectin-3 then acts on transcription factors AP-1 to increase expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican and SP-1 ... The studies showed that decrease of ARSB leads to increase in free galectin-3, which attaches more strongly to less sulfated ... Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK (2014). "Arylsulfatase B regulates versican expression by galectin-3 and AP-1 mediated ... and galectin-3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (25): 17564-75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.561589. PMC 4067192. PMID ...

In addition to galectin-9, several ligands have been identified, such as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), High Mobility Group ... HAVCR2 is primarily activated by soluble galectin-9. The engagement leads to stimulation of an influx of calcium to ... December 2005). "The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity". Nature Immunology. 6 (12): 1245- ... Wada J, Kanwar YS (February 1997). "Identification and characterization of galectin-9, a novel beta-galactoside-binding ...

BCoV S1-NTD does not recognize galactose as galectins do. Instead, it recognizes 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5, ... 29 (4): 715-724. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.07.007. PMC 7131583. PMID 19892230. Mahony, James B. (2007). "Coronaviruses". In Murray ... 4 (3): 26. doi:10.3390/diseases4030026. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406. See Table 1. Li, Fang (2016-09-29). "Structure, Function, ... 12 (4 Pt B): 651-8. doi:10.1177/135965350701200S01.1. PMID 17944272. S2CID 31867379. Kissler, Stephen M. (April 14, 2020). " ...

"Biography Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D". Galectin Therapeutics Inc. Retrieved 26 October 2021. Barnes, Steve (February 24, 2006 ... Gustafson, Sven (April 4, 2019). "Former U-M Health System CEO: Health care reform will come this year". Special to The Ann ... September 4, 1997. Retrieved 25 October 2021. "Gilbert S. Omenn". The Hastings Center. Retrieved 26 October 2021. Vartan, ...

Galectin-10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLC gene. Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological ... "CLC Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Human CLC genome location and CLC gene details page in the UCSC ... It is both structurally and functionally related to the galectin family of beta-galactoside binding proteins. It may be ... 2003). "Potential roles of galectins in myeloid differentiation into three different lineages". J. Leukoc. Biol. 73 (5): 650-6 ...

"The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity". Nature Immunology. 6 (12): 1245-1252. doi:10.1038/ ... 4 (2): 170-173. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363935. PMID 12618867. McIntire JJ, Umetsu SE, Macaubas C, Hoyte EG, Cinnioglu C, Cavalli- ... 25 (3-4): 335-348. doi:10.1007/s00281-003-0141-3. PMID 15007635. S2CID 24297235. Thompson P, Lu J, Kaplan GG (1998). "The Cys- ... 125 (4): 801-814. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569. S2CID 13709685. Kotsis F, Nitschke R, Boehlke C, Bashkurov M, ...