Some zoonotic infections are often "dead ends", in that after the initial outbreak the rate of subsequent infections subsides ... West Nile virus, a flavivirus, was first identified in 1937 when it was found in the blood of a feverish woman. The virus, ... References to influenza infections date from the late 15th and early 16th centuries, but infections almost certainly occurred ... a bacterial infection - is probably the most notorious. Except for smallpox and influenza, documented outbreaks of infections ...

Severe progressions of infection have been linked to the development of microcephaly in the unborn child, while mild infections ... As in other flaviviruses, such as the similarly sized West Nile virus, the RNA genome encodes seven nonstructural proteins and ... Infection during pregnancy causes microcephaly and other brain malformations in some babies. Infection in adults has been ... The infection, known as Zika fever or Zika virus disease, often causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a very mild form of ...

The specific MRVs found in horseshoe bats have not been linked to human infection, though humans can become ill through ... They are also associated with viruses like orthoreoviruses, flaviviruses, and hantaviruses. They have tested positive for ... Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 71: 21-30. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.001. PMC 7106202. PMID 30844511. "Novel Coronavirus ...

... (KEDV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus, belongs to the IV group of a ((+) ssRNA) ... While there is serological evidence for previous infection in humans, and one isolate from humans identified in the Central ... 2016). "Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in Kedougou, southeastern Senegal". Malar J. 15: 47. doi:10.1186/s12936-016 ... together with other arboviruses of the genus Flavivirus such as: Yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus ...

In adults, infection by the Zika virus may lead to Zika fever; and if the infection occurs during the first trimester of ... The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne arbovirus in the genus Flavivirus that exhibits tropism for the human maternal decidua, the ... a microorganism capable of causing skin infections, nosocomial infections, and food poisoning due to its tropism for human skin ... When the virus is able to use the cell to replicate its genetic information, the virus can spread infection throughout the body ...

and capillaria infections were found in gorillas that maintained more frequent contact with humans than those that did not. ... Zika fever: The Zika virus is caused by the single stranded RNA Flavivirus that uses the Aedes mosquito as a vector to infect ... The animal reservoir of the virus maintains a suitable virus level in the blood to allow the infection of a vector mosquito. A ... There does not seem to be any deleterious effects to the mosquito as a result of the parasitic infection. The Plasmodium ...

August 2018). "Galidesivir limits Rift Valley fever virus infection and disease in Syrian golden hamsters". Antiviral Research ... flaviviruses, and phleboviruses. Galidesivir has been demonstrated to protect against both Ebola and Marburg viruses in both ... but subsequently developed as a potential treatment for deadly filovirus infections such as Ebola virus disease and Marburg ... rodents and monkeys, even when administered up to 48 hours after infection, and development for use in humans was then being ...

It causes infection through biting during blood meal. In the southern U.S., it is the primary vector of St. Louis encephalitis ... and the two flaviviruses St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, plus filarial worms and avian malarial parasites. It ... Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 11 (7): 1577-1585. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.013. PMC 3190018. PMID 21875691. Sandhu, ... "Bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Culex quinquefasciatus ...

... infection is rarely diagnosed as a cause of encephalitis; however, when it is, Powassan encephalitis is severe, ... Powassan virus (POWV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks, found in North America and in the Russian Far East. It is named ... There were 33 confirmed cases of Powassan virus infection in the U.S. between 2001 and 2010. A rare case of a five-month-old ... Powassan virus (POWV) is a Flavivirus named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, Canada, where it was identified in a 5-year- ...

Infection with the virus often causes no symptoms, but it can lead to either an encephalitic disease or a non-encephalitic ... Kunjin virus (KUNV) is a zoonotic virus of the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. It is a subtype of West Nile virus ... Kunjin virus is a zoonotic virus of the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. It is an arbovirus which is transmitted ... "Department of Health and Ageing-Kunjin virus infection-Fact Sheet". Government of Australia. 2004-05-25. Archived from the ...

In a viral infection, a virus enters a cell, and it takes over the cell's machinery to self replicate. Once a virus has begun ... These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and ... These are often generated during a viral infection but can also be host-derived. Once activated by the dsRNA, the N-terminus ...

While Indian flying foxes have also tested positive for GBV-D, a type of flavivirus, it is unclear whether this virus occurs in ... Due to human encroachment into their habitats, there is a high risk of spillover infection of Nipah virus from Indian flying ... "the presence of bats in and of itself is not considered a risk factor for Nipah virus infection." Rather, the consumption of ... "Henipavirus infection in fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus), India". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (8): 1309-1311. doi:10.3201/ ...

Purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus ... flaviviruses, pestiviruses, statoviruses, tombusviruses, single-stranded RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis C virus and a subset of ... Kondo H, Chiba S, Toyoda K, Suzuki N (January 2013). "Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi". Virology. 435 ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Classification is based principally ...

Bacteria Lyme disease Syphilis Leptospirosis Fungi Cryptococcal infection Coccidioidal infection Drug-induced aseptic ... Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Mumps meningoencephalitis Mosquito carried viruses of the flavivirus family. Saint Louis ... Symptoms of meningitis caused by an acute viral infection last between one and two weeks. When aseptic meningitis is caused by ... Central nervous system infections Meningitis Tunkel, Allan R. "Aseptic meningitis in adults". UpToDate. Wolters Kluwer Health. ...

HBV was identified as a new DNA virus in the 1960s, followed a couple of decades later by the discovery of the flavivirus ... Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of Yellow_fever_ ... Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic ... infections), and cirrhosis. It is the sole accepted family in the order Blubervirales. The following genera are recognized:[ ...

Virus-cell fusions occur during infections of several viruses that are health concerns relevant today. Some of these include ... Class I fusogens are involved in flaviviruses (tick-borne encephalitis); alphaviruses (Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, ... This class of fusogens contains some of the proteins utilized by influenza, HIV, coronaviruses, and Ebola during infection. ... Fusogens are highly conserved in mammals, and it is theorized that mammals adopted them after infection by retroviruses. ...

The infection of a bat with Entebbe Bat Virus is unknown due to the fact that it no longer needs a vector of transfer. The ... In flavivirus virions, the fusion peptide is buried in dimmers of the fusion glycoprotein E. At low pH, the dimmers are ... Since Entebbe Bat Virus is in the Genus Flavivirus, the structure is icosahedral-like with a pseudo T=3 symmetry with a ... Entebbe bat virus is an infectious disease caused by a Flavivirus that is closely related to yellow fever. Little is known ...

... and Hantavirus infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early ... and the flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, and Kyasanur forest disease)" The aerosol form has been ... and Hantavirus infection but should not be used for Ebola or Marburg infections. Ribavirin is taken by mouth or inhaled. Common ... Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral ...

... (DTV) is a virus in the genus Flavivirus spread via ticks that causes encephalitis. DTV closely resembles ... although little to no human infections have been reported. Only about 1 to 3% of I. scapularis ticks in the northern United ... "Fatal Deer Tick Virus Infection in Maine". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 65 (6): 1043-1046. doi:10.1093/cid/cix435. PMID ...

This discovery led to a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and reliable diagnostic test for malaria infection that the NIH licensed ... antigen library immunisation using polynucleotides encoding flavivirus and alphavirus; multivalent antigenic polypeptides; and ...

This was later substantiated by other COVID-19 animal infection cases across the world, including a tiger at the Bronx Zoo and ... Peiris, J.S.M.; Porterfield, J.S. (1979). "Antibody-mediated enhancement of Flavivirus replication in macrophage-like cell ... "OUR STAFF". Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March ... and infection control measures". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 78 (7): 882-890. doi:10.4065/78.7.882. PMC 7094524. PMID 12839084. ...

... but also allows re-infection of previously infected hosts. Immunity to re-infection is based on recognition of the antigens ... The genus Flavivirus has a prototypical envelope protein (E-protein) on its surface which serves as the target for virus ... Other flaviviruses that cause dengue, louping ill and yellow fever escape antibody neutralization via mutations in the domain ... The major challenge in controlling HIV-1 infection in the long term is immune escape. The extent and frequency to which an ...

"Isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of Culex flavivirus (Flaviviridae) from a natural mosquito ... A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus ... "Babies Born with CMV (Congenital CMV Infection)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 13, 2017. Retrieved June 17 ... Page 273 in: Lennette's Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections (Fourth ed.). CRC Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1420084962. Murillo A ...

... (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections ... Lobigs M, Diamond MS (2012). "Feasibility of cross-protective vaccination against flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis ... The vast majority of infections are asymptomatic: only 1 in 250 infections develop into encephalitis. Severe rigors may mark ... Infection in swine is asymptomatic, except in pregnant sows, when abortion and fetal abnormalities are common sequelae. The ...

... es are related to flaviviruses, which have non-segmented genomes transmitted in a single capsid. Homology has ... Infection and Immunity. 67 (9): 4771-9. doi:10.1128/IAI.67.9.4771-4779.1999. PMC 96808. PMID 10456930. Villa, Erika C.; ... However, the genomic architecture of the homologous genes varies significantly; the canonical flavivirus genome consists of a ... A metagenomics study of arthropod flaviviruses identified five additional examples of likely jingmenvirus sequences. ...

It has also been shown that non-exosomal HAV (encapsidated) infection occurs independent of HAVCR1 expression. By using an ... As receptors for phosphatidylserine, TIM proteins bind many families of viruses [filovirus, flavivirus, New World arenavirus ... which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. TIM-1 ... "Exosome mimicry by a HAVCR1-NPC1 pathway of endosomal fusion mediates hepatitis A virus infection". Nature Microbiology. 5 (9 ...

Sci Rep 9(1):14953 Chu L, Jin M, Feng C, Wang X, Zhang D (2019) A highly divergent hepacivirus-like flavivirus in domestic ... Differential infection patterns and recent evolutionary origins of Equine Hepaciviruses in donkeys. J Virol 91(1) Goldberg TL, ... "Prevalence of Equine Hepacivirus Infections in France and Evidence for Two Viral Subtypes Circulating Worldwide". Transboundary ...

"Effect of GB Virus C Co-infection on Response to Generic HAART in African Patients with HIV-1 Clade C Infection". AIDS. 21 (10 ... April 1995). "Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92 (8): ... GBV-C infection has been found worldwide and currently infects around a sixth of the world's population. High prevalence is ... Infection with multiple genotypes is possible. Genotype 5 appears to be basal in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting an African ...

Following infection, a person has lifelong immunity to the virus. When a patient appears to show MVE symptoms and has been in ... Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the ... Human infection occurs only through bites from infected mosquitoes; the virus cannot be transmitted from person to person. The ... The majority of MVEV infections are sub-clinical, i.e. do not produce disease symptoms, although some people may experience a ...

His arenavirus research concentrates on the effects of infection on cellular function, particularly those molecular ... projects to higher hazard viral hemorrhagic fevers and to develop projects on other viruses such as tick-borne flaviviruses, ...