... non-esterified fatty acids, and leptin, but low adiponectin content. Abdominal fat accumulation with the formation of enlarged ... Scramblase is a protein responsible for the translocation of phospholipids between the two monolayers of a lipid bilayer of a ... Scramblases, flippases, and floppases are three different types of enzymatic groups of phospholipid transportation enzymes. The ... M. Nowicki (2006). "Characterization of the Cardiolipin Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana". Ph.D. Thesis, RWTH-Aachen ...
... (EPA; also icosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the ... The biosynthesis of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes involves polyketide synthase (PKS). The ... various types of edible algae, or by taking supplemental forms of fish oil or algae oil. It is also found in human breast milk ... The human body converts a portion of absorbed alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA. ALA is itself an essential fatty acid, and ...
... of pyruvate that is converted to acetyl Co-A by pyruvate synthase enters the Citric acid cycle while the other 10% is converted ... The group isolated two strains of H. noricense, along with other Halobacterium species including H. salinarium. The first two ... Multi-Locus Sequence Typing is a technique that uses genomic information to establish evolutionary relationships between ... to oxaloacetate by biotin carboxylases to later be used in fatty acid degradation. Metagenomic analysis was performed on ...
A Personal Retrospective: Elevating Anandamide (AEA) by Targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and the Fatty Acid Binding ... Activation of CB1 enhances AMT activity through increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and subsequent increase of NO ... dependent modulation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nerve cells". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 81 (2): 275-283. doi: ... FABP inhibitors attenuate the breakdown of anandamide by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in cell culture. One of ...
... long-chain-fatty-acid-protein ligase EC 6.2.1.20: long-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase EC 6.2.1.21: Activity ... c-diamide synthase EC 6.3.5.12: Ni-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide synthase * EC 6.3.5.13: lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase ( ... RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase) EC 6.3.2.20: indoleacetate-lysine synthetase EC 6.3.2.21: The reaction is performed by the ... medium-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase * EC 6.2.1.48: carnitine-CoA ligase * EC 6.2.1.49: long-chain fatty acid ...
... trehalose synthase (TS) in certain types of bacteria could produce trehalose by using maltose and another disaccharide with two ... Marathe, Sandesh J.; Shah, Nirali N.; Singhal, Rekha S. (2020-01-01). "Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid esters of trehalose: ... upon its esterification with fatty acids of varying chain lengths. Trehalose is rapidly broken down into glucose by the enzyme ... Two other isomers exist, α,β-trehalose, otherwise known as neotrehalose, and β,β-trehalose (also referred to as isotrehalose). ...
Yao J, Rock CO (November 2017). "Bacterial fatty acid metabolism in modern antibiotic discovery". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ... 97 Mixed-type inhibitors bind to both E and ES, but their affinities for these two forms of the enzyme are different (Ki ≠ Ki ... Chapter 10.2.1: Sulfonylurea acetolactate synthase inhibitors Duke SO (July 1990). "Overview of herbicide mechanisms of action ... Cleland WW (February 1963). "The kinetics of enzyme-catalysed reactions with two or more substrates or products. II. Inhibition ...
High fat diets increase free fatty acid concentrations in the blood, which may promote the use of fat for energy (via free ... This mutation causes an up-regulation of glycogen synthase, and high levels of glycogen synthase relative to glycogen branching ... known as Type 1 PSSM and Type 2 PSSM. Glycogen is a molecular polymer of glucose (a polysaccharide) used to store energy, and ... Type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy, glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, and Type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy. Type ...
It is suggested that the didemnin PKS mobilizes AT domain FabD from a Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), since there iis no AT domain ... The two MT domains on DidJ methylates tyrosine twice, to yield N-methyl-O-methyl-tyrosine, finalizing the assembly of linear ... It is a strong antiviral agent against both DNA and RNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1, a strong immunosuppressant ... The N-methylated leucine is the only D-amino acid in didemnin B. The second module on didD incorporates threonine and the third ...
Cuticular wax is known to be largely composed of compounds which derive from very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), such as ... To form cuticular wax components, VLCFAs are modified through either two identified pathways, an acyl reduction pathway or a ... which can then be converted to wax esters through a wax synthase. In the decarbonylation pathway, aldehydes are produced and ... "Arabidopsis Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis Is Negatively Regulated by the DEWAX Gene Encoding an AP2/ERF-Type Transcription Factor ...
Asparagine Aspartic acid Asymmetric dimethylarginine ATP synthase Atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) Auxin Avidin Azadirachtin A ... Estradiol Estriol Estrogen Estrone Eugenol Exonuclease Fatty acid Ferredoxin Fibrin Fibronectin Flavin adenine dinucleotide ( ... This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M ... acid Lactose Lanolin Lauric acid Lectin Leptin Leptomycin B Leucine Leukotriene Ligase Lignin Limonene Linalool Linoleic acid ...
KetoDrug:A web server for binding affinity prediction of ketoxazole derivatives against Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH). It ... Hombres can be searched on the basis of a variety of data types. Owing to the high impact of endocrine research in the ... It also includes functions for half-life estimation for a biexponential model, and a two phase linear regression RNApred: ... been developed to serve scientific community working in the field of designing inhibitors against Dihydrodipicolinate synthase ...
... breakdown and release of fatty acids by adipose tissue) and decrease clearance of insulin by the liver.[citation needed] The ... They are widely used as antidiabetic drugs in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing secretion of ... Duggleby RG, McCourt JA, Guddat LW (March 2008). "Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant acetohydroxyacid synthase". ... Shyangdan DS, Royle P, Clar C, Sharma P, Waugh N, Snaith A (October 2011). "Glucagon-like peptide analogues for type 2 diabetes ...
... increasing fecal bulk and producing short-chain fatty acids as byproducts with wide-ranging physiological activities. This ... In general, β-1,3 linkages are created by 1,3-Beta-glucan synthase, and β-1,4 linkages are created by cellulose synthase. The ... Each type of beta-glucan comprises a different molecular backbone, level of branching, and molecular weight which affects its ... In addition, these side-chains can be attached to other types of molecules, like proteins, as in polysaccharide-K. The most ...
... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 - nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.750 ... fatty acid desaturases MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.392.312 - beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.392.468 ... type ii, archaeal MeSH D08.811.399.403.741.300 - dna topoisomerases, type ii, bacterial MeSH D08.811.399.403.741.300.500 - dna ... type ii, eukaryotic MeSH D08.811.399.430.500 - myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase MeSH D08.811.399.475.200 - aldose-ketose ...
... to produce four-carbon dicarboxylic acid precursors. The glyoxylate shunt comprises two enzymes, malate synthase and isocitrate ... odd-chain fatty acids (although not even-chain fatty acids, see below); and from other parts of metabolism that includes ... Type 2 diabetes is marked by excess glucagon and insulin resistance from the body. Insulin can no longer inhibit the gene ... Odd-chain fatty acids can be oxidized to yield acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, the latter serving as a precursor to succinyl-CoA ...
Fatty acids were oxidized more quickly in knockout animals. Studies have also shown that ingesting a high-fat diet increases ... and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor. Different dynorphins show different receptor selectivities and ... Two subtypes of KORs have been identified: K1 and K2. Although KOR is the primary receptor for all dynorphins, the peptides do ... Further, authors found that administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors reduced dynorphin A1-17 levels in the ...
The types and abundance of fatty acid chains in the cell membrane also respond to changes in pressure and temperature. At low ... Two complete F1F0 ATP synthase pathways (one on each Chromosome) are also present in this bacterium: this might explain its ... and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This has the effect of increasing membrane fluidity by reducing packing of the fatty acid ... Allen, E.E., D. Facciotti, and D.H. Bartlett, Monounsaturated but not polyunsaturated fatty acids are required for growth of ...
Fatty Acids. 69 (2-3): 195-205. doi:10.1016/S0952-3278(03)00081-4. PMID 12895603. Chiba T, Kanda A, Ueki S, et al. (2007). " ... Studies in two different populations have replicated associations between -549T>C, -441C>T, and -197T>C variants and a study in ... 2002). "Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic ... 2002). "New polymorphisms of haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and human prostanoid DP receptor genes". Clin. Exp. ...
There are two types of Kufs: Type A and Type B. Type A causes seizures, myoclonic epilepsy (muscle jerks), dementia, ataxia ( ... The PPT1 gene codes for the enzyme palmotoyl-protein thioesterase-1. This enzyme is responsible for removing the fatty-acid ... 1994). "Accumulation of the adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit c in the mnd mutant mouse". Am J Pathol. 144 (4): 829-835. ... Type A and Type B Kufs disease are caused by mutations in two sets of different genes. Both gene sets are responsible for ...
Metabolized in skin epidermis by epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 (eLOX3, encoded by the ALOXE3 gene) to make two products, ... "Oxidation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and other hydroxy fatty acids by lung prostaglandin dehydrogenase". Archives of ... 13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. eoxin C4 or EXC4) by leukotriene C4 synthase. EXC4 contains glutathione (i.e. γ-L-glutamyl-L- ... a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Various cell types metabolize arachidonic acid to 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15( ...
Peters-Golden M, Brock TG (2003). "5-lipoxygenase and FLAP". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 69 (2-3 ... How FLAP activates 5-lipooxygenase is not completely understood, but there is a physical interaction between the two.[citation ... synthase interact with 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... "Association of genetic variants with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus". ...
Another explanation is that 3-hydroxy-HSL induces carbon metabolism and fatty acid degradation genes in Hydra. This allows the ... The majority of quorum sensing systems that fall under the "two-gene" (an autoinducer synthase coupled with a receptor molecule ... Quorum sensing is a type of cellular signaling, and more specifically can be considered a type of paracrine signaling. However ... Two groups of well-known mimicking molecules include halogenated furanones, which mimic AHL molecules, and synthetic Al ...
These cells produce the eoxins by initially metabolizing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acid, via any enzyme ... EXC4 via LTC4 synthase aka "glutathione S-transferase II" EXC4 → EXD4 via unidentified gamma-glutamyltransferase class enzyme ... and other cancer types. The same pathways that metabolize arachidonic acid to eoxines have been shown to metabolize anandamide ... Fatty Acids. 87 (4-5): 159-63. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2012.07.003. hdl:10616/41399. PMID 22921794. James A, Daham K, Backman L, ...
... are condensed by fatty acid synthase to produce fatty acids.: Ch. 3 Fatty acid are essential components of lipid bilayers that ... Two examples developed for clinical use include ω-conotoxin (from the marine snail Conus magus) and ecteinascidin 743 (from the ... A more recent example is the N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide analgesic which is based on a cyclic peptide cone snail ... a basic component of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of fatty acids and polyketides. Vitamin ...
These two proteins share much of their physical structure but contain less than half of the same amino acid sequence and ... These bacteria produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) which improve the gut biome. In a controlled study, the group that ate a ... This gives rise to a pathway for forming lactose by converting Gal-TI to Lactose synthase. The structure of α-lactalbumin is ... Comparison with C-type lysozyme". Journal of Molecular Biology. 208 (1): 99-127. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90091-0. PMID 2769757 ...
... and their biosynthesis is distinct from other known polyketide and fatty-acid synthesis paradigms. The enediyne PKS, PKSE, from ... C-1027 shows promise as an anticancer drug and is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials in China, with a 30% success ... "A phosphopantetheinylating polyketide synthase producing a linear polyene to initiate enediyne antitumor antibiotic ... "The Calicheamicin Gene Cluster and Its Iterative Type I Enediyne PKS". Science. 297 (5584). doi:10.1126/science.107210. Shen B ...
... and the other two positions on the glycerol backbone unoccupied. There are two types of ether lipids, plasmanyl- and plasmenyl- ... 2014). Omega 3 fatty acids in brain and neurological health. Elsevier Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2012-0-06006-1. ISBN 978-0- ... and alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (ADAPS), that reside in the peroxisome. Accordingly, peroxisomal defects often lead ... In a biochemical sense, an ether lipid usually implies glycerophospholipids of various type, also called phospholipids, in ...
UCPs are positioned in the same membrane as the ATP synthase, which is also a proton channel. The two proteins thus work in ... Among these activators are fatty acids, ROS, and certain ROS byproducts that are also reactive. Therefore, higher levels of ROS ... This is associated with cell degeneration, decreased insulin secretion, and type II diabetes. Conversely, UCP2 in hippocampus ... However, not every type of UCPs are related to thermogenesis. Although UCP2 and UCP3 are closely related to UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 ...
A depsidase is a type of enzyme that cuts depside bonds. One such enzyme is tannase. Gyrophoric acid, found in the lichen ... A depside is a type of polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester group. ... a new active site model for fatty acid cyclooxygenase". Prostaglandins. 24 (1): 21-34. doi:10.1016/0090-6980(82)90174-5. PMID ... "Structure of the active site of prostaglandin synthase from studies of depsides: an alternate view". Prostaglandins Leukot Med ...
... it inhibits synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and activates fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. AMPK ... Two proteins are essential for the regulation of GLUT-4 expression at a transcriptional level - myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2 ... Their study compared the response to exercise training of several proteins and enzymes in wild type and AMPKα2 knockout mice. ... Conversely, in LKB1 knockout mice, there are decreases in cytochrome c and citrate synthase activity, even if the mice are " ...