This lead the group to postulate that the oligosaccharide component of the precursor was modified by glycosidase enzymes before ... They found the precursor for these molecules had the structure (Man)nGlcNAcB1,4 →GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol, and each precursor had at ... Through his work at Harvard, he was able to play a role in discovering acyl carrier protein, which is an enzyme in the fatty ... This enzyme is responsible for transferring high mannose oligosaccharides to polypeptides translocating into the lumen of the ...

The pathways are a series of reactions, in which a zymogen (inactive enzyme precursor) of a serine protease and its ... and labeled the hypothetical enzyme "thrombin" and its precursor "prothrombin". Arthus discovered in 1890 that calcium was ... Another enzyme, Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC), reduces vitamin K back to its active form. Vitamin K epoxide reductase is ... The main enzyme responsible for this process is plasmin, which is regulated by plasmin activators and plasmin inhibitors. The ...

Fluoroacetate is a precursor to fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of aconitase, an enzyme that participates in the TCA cycle. ...

Both lotaustralin and linamarin may be hydrolyzed by the enzyme linamarase to form glucose and a precursor to the toxic ...

... since it is a key enzyme on the MEP pathway for the production of the isoprenoid precursors IPP and DMAPP. In Arabidopsis ... The enzyme requires Mn2+, Co2+ or Mg2+ for activity, with Mn2+ being most effective. Takahashi S, Kuzuyama T, Watanabe H, Seto ... 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase is the first committed enzyme of the MEP pathway for isoprenoid precursor ... DXR is part of the MEP pathway (nonmevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. DXR is inhibited by fosmidomycin. ...

These enzymes are regulated by inositol and choline, both of which are phospholipid precursors. Within this consensus sequence ... and is present in the promoter regions of genes that encode enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis. ... to explore the function of UASINO in more detail largely in part because a large number of phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme ...

... activation of enzymatic precursors, processing of enzyme activators and inhibitors, brain antigen processing and regulation of ... Hakala JK, Oksjoki R, Laine P, Du H, Grabowski GA, Kovanen PT, Pentikäinen MO (August 2003). "Lysosomal enzymes are released ... The main function of cathepsin D is to degrade proteins and activate precursors of bioactive proteins in pre-lysosomal ... both produced from a single protein precursor. Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in ...

... as explored in a series of articles that served as precursors to work applying enzyme kinetics to developmental genetics), ...

Leucoanthocyanidins once were believed to be the immediate precursors of the next enzyme, a dioxygenase referred to as ... Thus, more than five enzymes are required to synthesize these pigments, each working in concert. Even a minor disruption in any ... The phenolic metabolic pathways and enzymes may be studied by mean of transgenesis of genes. The Arabidopsis regulatory gene in ... These streams meet and are coupled together by the enzyme chalcone synthase, which forms an intermediate chalcone-like compound ...

The widely used drug aspirin acts by inhibiting the ability of the COX enzyme to synthesize the precursors of thromboxane ... Thromboxane is named for its role in blood clot formation (thrombosis). Thromboxane-A synthase, an enzyme found in platelets, ... Thromboxane synthase inhibitors inhibit the final enzyme (thromboxane synthase) in the synthesis of thromboxane. Ifetroban is a ...

... but also by introducing mutations to deactivate enzymes that shunt DXR precursors to less useful products, for example baumycin ... In 2009, a compound similar in structure to doxorubicin was found to inhibit plasmepsin II, an enzyme unique to the malarial ... Doxorubicin (DXR) is a 14-hydroxylated version of daunorubicin, the immediate precursor of DXR in its biosynthetic pathway. ... In 1996, Strohl's group discovered, isolated and characterized dox A, the gene encoding the enzyme that converts daunorubicin ...

GlcNAcMAN5-cleaving enzyme in glycoprotein biosynthesis and mannosidases IA and IB are the enzymes converting Man9 precursors ... is an enzyme with systematic name 2-α-mannosyl-oligosaccharide α-D-mannohydrolase. It catalyses the hydrolysis of the terminal ... 1→2)-linked α-D-mannose residues in the oligo-mannose oligosaccharide Man9(GlcNAc)2. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis ...

... but also by introducing mutations to deactivate enzymes that shunt DXR precursors to less useful products, for example baumycin ... Mutations of these enzymes does significantly boost DXR production. In addition, Dox A has a very low kcat/Km value for C-14 ... The enzyme has sequence similarity to glycosyltransferases of the other "unusual sugars" added to Type II PKS aromatic products ... In contrast to Type I PKS systems, the synthetic enzymes (KS, CLF, ACP and AT) are not attached covalently to each other, and ...

Prothrombin is a glycoprotein that occurs in blood plasma and functions as a precursor to the enzyme, thrombin, which acts to ... The liver synthesizes inactive precursor proteins in the absence of vitamin K (liver disease). Vitamin K deficiency leads to ...

Study participants who drank mate tea had a 10% increase in the level of cardioprotective enzyme PON1, a precursor to HDL, ... For instance, De Mejia's 2007 study found that consuming 0.5 liters of yerba mate tea increases activity levels of the enzyme ...

Chief cells release the zymogen (enzyme precursor) pepsinogen when stimulated by a variety of factors including cholinergic ...

Molecular cloning of the Interleukin 1 Beta converting enzyme is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor ... Recombinant expression enables cells to process precursor Interleukin 1 Beta to the mature form of the enzyme. Interleukin 1 ... IL-8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL-8 ... However, when mice with this genetic deletion have wild-type neural precursor cells injected into their hippocampus and these ...

Decarboxylation of the primer precursors occurs through the branched-chain α-keto acid decarboxylase (BCKA) enzyme. Elongation ... The enzyme's high affinity toward branched-chain α-keto acids allows it to function as the primer donating system for branched- ... These mammalian enzymes are, however, incapable of introducing double bonds at carbon atoms beyond C-9 in the fatty acid chain ... In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes ...

... the enzyme that synthesizes penicillin is of no use to a fungus without the enzymes that synthesize the necessary precursors in ... In enzymes, the protein structure orients a few, key amino acids into precise geometries to form an active site to perform ... For example, removing any member of the catalytic triad of many enzymes will reduce activity to levels low enough that the ... For example, when an organism is in need of phosphorus, multiple enzymes that break down different phosphorylated components ...

... the mRNA precursor to an enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease. Epigenetic drugs target the proteins responsible for ... The group of enzymes responsible for addition of methyl groups to DNA are called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The enzyme ... The enzymes responsible for the addition of methyl groups to histones are called histone methyltransferases (HMTs). The enzymes ... ncRNA ncRNA that is encoded antisense from an intron within the beta-amyloid cleaving enzyme gene, BACE1, is involved in AD. ...

Class 3 RNase III Class 3 RNases III include the Drosha family of enzymes known to function in maturation of precursors to ... Typically, class I enzymes possess a single RNase III domain (RIIID) followed by a dsRNA-binding domain (dsRBD). They process ... They process precursors to rRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA. Yeast nucleases with the Class 2 RNase III domain: RNT1 (UniProtKB Q02555 ... These enzymes are a group of endoribonucleases that are characterized by their ribonuclease domain, which is labelled the RNase ...

Because this enzyme catalyzes the formation of precursors far upstream of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene and cholesterol, statins may ... The enzyme active site is in the center of the protein, closed off by a constricted channel. Passage of the (S)-2,3- ... In eukaryotes the enzyme is bound to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. While cholesterol synthesis is ... Since the enzyme affinity for this second substrate is greater than for the monoepoxy (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, under partial ...

Violaxanthin then reacts with the enzyme neoxanthin synthase to form neoxanthin the main precursor for β-damascenone as shown ... Other enzymes have been found to catalyze this reaction including CrtI and CrtP. The next series of desaturation reactions is ... Other enzymes that are able to catalyze this reaction include CtrI and CrtQ. Next lycopene goes through two cyclization ... Zeaxanthin then reacts with O2, NADPH (H+), and reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster in the presence of the enzyme ...

... the cleavage of its immediate precursor by the enzyme HIV-1 protease. Unlike the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors, ...

... a chemical precursor to various enzymes. Specific heat capacity, in physics, a substance's heat capacity per unit mass, usually ...

When broken down into amino acids, they are used as precursors to nucleic acid, co-enzymes, hormones, immune response, cellular ...

... monophosphate is oxidised by the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, yielding xanthosine monophosphate, a key ... precursor in purine metabolism. Mycophenolate mofetil is an anti-metabolite, anti-proliferative drug that acts as an inhibitor ...

... and also the enzyme stitching the spliced precursor HAC1 mRNA together. In 2013, Walter's group identified a molecule that ... it splices the HAC1 precursor mRNA, which is transcribed from the HAC1 gene, resulting in a mature mRNA that is translated into ...

The pathways are a series of reactions, in which a zymogen (inactive enzyme precursor) of a serine protease and its ... These receptors may have intrinsic catalytic activity or may be coupled to effector enzymes, or may also be associated to ionic ... The Nrf2/ARE activation leads to a higher expression of enzymes involved in glutathione syntheses and metabolism, that have a ... Besides NUAK1, LKB1 kinase acts under other effectors enzymes as SAD-A/B and MARK, therefore regulating neuronal polarization ...

Trypsinogen is a pancreatic enzyme precursor found in the blood that is elevated in most of those with CF at birth, regardless ... The concentration of IRT is elevated in babies with CF since pancreatic ducts are partially blocked leading to abnormal enzyme ...