Enzyme inhibition can refer to the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule interference at the enzyme- ... Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an ... If the molecule induces enzymes that are responsible for its own metabolism, this is called auto-induction (or auto-inhibition ... the French molecular biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod became the first to explain enzyme induction, in the context ...
Possible role of enzyme induction". Gastroenterology. 75 (3): 492-496. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(78)90856-9. PMID 680506. Neil ...
Migraine therapy by enzyme induction with proxibarbital]". Therapie der Gegenwart (in German). 115 (12): 2088-103. PMID 14412. ...
The induction of xylanase enzymes varies between strains; in group D1 strains (49, H17c, 12) xylanase expression appears to be ... Most isolates are amylolytic and are able to degrade xylan by producing xylanolytic and esterase enzymes. ... enzymes. Several carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) have also been identified that are predicted to bind glycogen (CBM family ...
production of extracellular cellulolytic enzymes by cellulose induction. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 87, (4) (05): 301-10 Saettler ... One enzyme, endopolygalacturonase, is a highly specialized cell wall-degrading enzyme which is critical for the growth of the ... In order to more easily ramify throughout the host tissue, the hyphae release enzymes which break down host-specific proteins. ... C. lindemuthianum releases large amounts of this enzyme, which not only weakens the cell wall by removing the polygalacturonan ...
Gaal AB, Neujahr HY (1981). "Induction of phenol-metabolizing enzymes in Trichosporon cutaneum". Arch. Microbiol. 130 (1): 54- ... This enzyme is also called maleolylacetate reductase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: gamma- ... NADH-dependent enzymes, Enzymes of unknown structure, All stub articles, EC 1.3 stubs). ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ ...
Brodie MJ, Mintzer S, Pack AM, Gidal BE, Vecht CJ, Schmidt D (January 2013). "Enzyme induction with antiepileptic drugs: cause ... Phenobarbital is a cytochrome P450 hepatic enzyme inducer. It binds transcription factor receptors that activate cytochrome ...
Phase II and I enzymes PXR carries out induction. Expression of PXR is mainly evident in the liver, testis, human embryonic ... Induction of PB in xenobiotic-metabolizes of cytochromes CYP2b undergoes a transcriptional process, thus raising mRNA levels. ... Research conducted in 1998 said that PXR was responsible for the induction of CYP3A and differences in the species in the ... This was explained by the induction of the CYP3A relationships obtained from the steroid structure-activity evaluation results ...
... levels can also be regulated by changing the rate of enzyme degradation.: 30.1.1 The opposite of enzyme induction is ... Alternatively, the enzyme can be sequestered near its substrate to activate the enzyme. For example, the enzyme can be soluble ... a low constant activity provided by one enzyme but an inducible high activity from a second enzyme. Enzymes determine what ... If an enzyme produces too much of one substance in the organism, that substance may act as an inhibitor for the enzyme at the ...
Safe S, Kohli J, Crawford A (April 1978). "FireMaster BP-6: Fractionation, Metabolic and Enzyme Induction Studies". ...
Conney, AH; Gilman, AG (1963). "Puromycin inhibition of enzyme induction by 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital". The ... Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP by the enzymes adenylyl cyclase. In 1970 Martin Rodbell found that hormones did not directly ... Gilman, AG; Conney, AH (1963). "The induction of aminoazo dye N-demethylase in nonhepatic tissues by 3-methylcholanthrene". ... was a responsible for activating enzymes in the cell, and that cyclic AMP is produced only when hormones (the first messengers ...
Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen O (November 2020). "Inhibition and induction of CYP enzymes in humans: an update ... Altered Metabolism Some medications can either inhibit or induce key drug metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters, which when ...
1995). "Induction of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes during terminal erythroid differentiation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 ... Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes ... Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2H gene. The modification of proteins with ... This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein sequence is 100% identical to the ...
Abnormal induction of the cholesterol-catabolic enzyme CYP46 in glial cells". Neurosci. Lett. 314 (1-2): 45-8. doi:10.1016/ ... This enzyme is a member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily of enzymes. Like many other CYP enzymes that act on ... This enzyme has also been found at low quantities in the retina, where it performs the same function to a lesser degree. ... The ability for inhibition by various xenobiotics makes this enzyme a prime candidate for drug therapy for AD or other brain ...
Decker K, Bleeg H (1965). "Induction and purification of stereospecific nicotine oxidizing enzymes from Arthrobacter oxidans". ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with oxygen as ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include L-6- ... In enzymology, a (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-6- ...
Decker K, Bleeg H (1965). "Induction and purification of stereospecific nicotine oxidizing enzymes from Arthrobacter oxidans". ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with oxygen as ... As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2BVF, 2BVG, and 2BVH. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include D-6- ...
They were used to study drug metabolism and toxicity, including phase I and phase II enzyme metabolism, induction, and ... inhibition and induction of CYP enzymes in HepaRG cells". Toxicology in Vitro. 23 (4): 748-753. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2009.03.008. ... The high reproducibility of the drug-induced metabolic enzyme levels between batches enables routine high-throughput analysis ... Anthérieu, Sébastien; Rogue, Alexandra; Fromenty, Bernard; Guillouzo, André; Robin, Marie‐Anne (June 2011). "Induction of ...
Other early effects noted were peripheral neuropathy and liver enzyme induction. The ascertainment of other, possibly severe ...
Nguyen Van Thoai Thome-Beau F, Olomucki A (1966). "[Induction and specificity of enzymes of the new catabolic arginine pathway ... Portal: Biology v t e (EC 3.5.3, Manganese enzymes, Enzymes of unknown structure, All stub articles, EC 3.5 stubs). ... This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups. It employs one cofactor, manganese. Mora J, Tarrab R, ... This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically ...
Finally, no inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes was observed. Following a 100 mg dose of eluxadoline, the Cmax ...
Decker K, Bleeg H (1965). "Induction and purification of stereospecific nicotine oxidizing enzymes from Arthrobacter oxidans". ... Metal enzymes, Flavoproteins, Enzymes of unknown structure, All stub articles, Oxidoreductase stubs). ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with other ... In enzymology, a nicotine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-nicotine + acceptor ...
Estetrol shows minimal to no inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes. In addition, estetrol undergoes minimal phase ... In addition, estetrol showed no affinity (>10 μM) for a set of 124 receptors and enzymes, with the sole exception of very weak ... Furthermore, estetrol showed no inhibition of the major cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 at ... and ethinylestradiol moderately inhibited the enzyme (by 45%). These findings suggest that estetrol has a low potential for ...
... shows potent induction potential of cytochrome P450 enzymes similarly to enzalutamide. It is a strong inducer of ... This change is considered to be likely due to CYP3A4 auto-induction. Approximately 65% of apalutamide is excreted in urine (1.2 ... A major active metabolite, N-desmethylapalutamide, is formed by these enzymes, with similar contribution of each of these ... elevated liver enzymes and hepatotoxicity have not been reported with apalutamide. Case reports of rare interstitial lung ...
The first is a side effect of the adaptive response in which the induction of metabolizing enzymes results in the production of ... The adaptive response is manifested as the induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Evidence of this response was first ... Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes help with the metabolic process by transforming and the excretion of chemicals. The most potent ... It was originally thought to function primarily as a sensor of xenobiotic chemicals and also as the regulator of enzymes such ...
"In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 28 ( ... an enzyme of the cytochrome P450 group of enzymes. Modafinil also induces or inhibits other cytochrome P450 enzymes. One in ... For instance, induction of CYP3A4 by modafinil affects metabolism of the following medications and endogenous substances: ... Therefore, modafinil affects pharmacodynamics of drugs which are metabolized by CYP3A4 and other enzymes of the cytochrome P450 ...
ISBN 978-3-540-74922-6. Levin, L.; Forchiassin, F.; Ramos, A. M. (2002). "Copper induction of lignin-modifying enzymes in the ... this organic matter has been protected from decomposition by microbial or enzyme action because it is hidden (occluded) inside ...
Induction of oxidative enzymes: Cytosolic oxidases are another critical component in ROS production. These enzymes transfer ... including the induction of oxidative enzymes. The notable species involved in human cells include superoxide anion (O2−), ... These enzymes have also shown to be present in various physiological stressful situations, which is associated with ... NADH/NADPH oxidase: These enzymes contribute significantly to the amount of ROS present in the body. If in cardiac distress, an ...
"Dose related induction of the drug metabolizing enzymes of rat liver by cilobamine". Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 4 (2 ...
"In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 28 ( ... Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme protein. The enzyme is involved in metabolism, ... Kudo T, Endo Y, Taguchi R, Yatsu M, Ito K (May 2015). "Metronidazole reduces the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in ... The gene is highly polymorphic, which affects the efficiency of the metabolism by the enzyme. CYP2C9 is a crucial cytochrome ...
This procedure of enhancing the activity of the enzyme is known as enzyme induction. The evidence shows that there is in fact ... That same bovine enzyme has more than 70% homology with human placental enzyme. However, the human liver enzyme and the ... Due to the location of the enzyme, and the protein layout of the enzyme, the enzyme is in solution with a smaller amount of ... The optimal pH for the activity of the E. coli enzyme is 8.0 while the bovine enzyme optimum pH is slightly higher at 8.5. ...
... "c-Maf negatively regulates ARE-mediated detoxifying enzyme genes expression and anti-oxidant induction". Oncogene. 21 (34): ... "NF-kappa B p65 antagonizes IL-4 induction by c-maf in minimal change nephrotic syndrome". Journal of Immunology. 172 (1): 688- ...
"An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements ... "c-Maf negatively regulates ARE-mediated detoxifying enzyme genes expression and anti-oxidant induction". Oncogene. 21 (34): ... Nrf2-sMaf heterodimer regulates a battery of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes. ... proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone ...
Hence, there is no response to treatment with phenobarbital, which causes CYP450 enzyme induction. Most patients (type IA) have ...
The function of the enzymes can either be stimulated (enzyme induction) or inhibited (enzyme inhibition). If a specific drug, ... An example of this is shown in the following table for the CYP1A2 enzyme, which is the most common enzyme found in the human ... The table shows the substrates (drugs metabolized by this enzyme) and the inductors and inhibitors of its activity: Enzyme ... If drug A is metabolized by a cytochrome P450 enzyme and drug B induces or increases the enzyme's activity, then blood plasma ...
This enzyme induction can be initiated by many natural or synthetic compounds, e.g., carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons such ... Surprisingly, enzyme induction, several developmental effects and aversion to novel foods occur at similar dose levels in ... Therefore it has been suggested that dioxin effects be divided to type I effects (enzyme induction etc.) and type II effects ( ... Some of these low-dose effects can in fact be interpreted as protective rather than toxic (enzyme induction, aversion to novel ...