The human outbreak coincided with one in the local pig populations. There was no evidence of human-to-human transmission; all ... Enterovirus 71 and S. suis The use of steroids in the treatment of the severe illness has also been associated with the deaths ... In July 2005, an outbreak of the disease in humans was reported in Sichuan, China, with higher than usual human morbidity and ... capable of transmission to humans from pigs. Humans can be infected with S. suis when they handle infected pig carcasses or ...

The instances of human-to-human transmission appeared to be isolated to case-patients and anyone in close direct contact with ... Oz Show in mid-September, illustrating how the enterovirus affects the CSF and the actual Serochip used to do the analysis. In ... which jumped from dromedary camels to humans in 2012, and SARS-CoV, from civet cats to humans in 2003. Lipkin co-authored a ... The conclusion of the genomic analyses was that COVID-19 was not a case of lab leak or human-made infection. In 2023, the paper ...

Chen LL, Kung YA, Weng KF, Lin JY, Horng JT, Shih SR (2013). "Enterovirus 71 infection cleaves negative regulator for viral ... More recently, she received a Research Grant Award from the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP, among 21 Program Grants ... Lin JY, Li ML, Shih SR (2009). "Far upstream element binding protein 2 interacts with enterovirus 71 internal ribosomal entry ... "Far upstream element binding protein 1 binds the internal ribosomal entry site of enterovirus 71 and enhances viral translation ...

... "current investigation hasn't found clear evidence of human to human transmission, however, the possibility of human to human ... enterovirus, and other common respiratory viruses. They determined the genetic sequence of the novel β-genus coronaviruses ( ... As a response to the confirmation of human-to-human transmission in China, the WHO announces a meeting to gauge the level of ... South Korea confirms two more cases with one of them being the first human-to-human transmission there, bringing the total to ...

The first human virus to be identified was the yellow fever virus. In 1881, Carlos Finlay (1833-1915), a Cuban physician, first ... Melnick JL (December 1993). "The discovery of the enteroviruses and the classification of poliovirus among them". Biologicals. ... Epstein-Barr virus is important in the history of viruses for being the first virus shown to cause cancer in humans. The second ... Thorley-Lawson DA (August 2005). "EBV the prototypical human tumor virus-just how bad is it?". The Journal of Allergy and ...

"First-In-Human Study To Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, And Pharmacokinetics Following Single Ascending And Multiple Ascending ... Examples include the ones found in poliovirus and in rhinovirus (both are members of genus Enterovirus). Caliciviridae have a ... March 2020). "Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases ... February 2020). "α-Ketoamides as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronavirus and Enterovirus Replication: Structure-Based Design, ...

The virus can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus. Toscana is not normally ... the other two are enteroviruses and herpesviruses. Toscana virus (TOSV) was first isolated in 1971 from Phlebotomus perniciosus ...

"EPA staff report Determining whether Echovirus 7 (Enterovirus B) is a new organism" (PDF). Environmental Protection Authority ... on the viability of cell lines of human origin in vitro". Journal of Cancer. 9 (6): 1033-1049. doi:10.7150/jca.23242. ISSN 1837 ...

In humans, deficiencies in the gene products necessary for HRR during meiosis likely cause infertility In humans, deficiencies ... Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F (September 2019). "Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step ... Galetzka D, Weis E, Kohlschmidt N, Bitz O, Stein R, Haaf T (April 2007). "Expression of somatic DNA repair genes in human ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Especially in coronaviruses, ...

Because the human body begins to deteriorate with age, and because human population is living many years longer, there has been ... McMinn P, Stratov I, Nagarajan L, Davis S (January 2001). "Neurological manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection in children ... With the growth in the elderly population of humans, there has been a rise to myelomalacia. ...

The potential application of small molecules to treat various viral infections including enterovirus (Hand, Foot, and Mouth ... identify specific molecule-RNA interactions that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of viral infection and human ... "IRES-targeting small molecule inhibits enterovirus 71 replication via allosteric stabilization of a ternary complex". Nature ... research program has identified RNA-binding molecules that can inhibit replication of Sars-CoV-2 virus and enterovirus (the ...

... in humans are generally caused by Adenoviruses types B, C, E and F. Spread occurs mainly when an infected ... "Nonpharmaceutical interventions against the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased the spread of enterovirus in children". ... Adenovirus infection in humans are generally caused by Adenoviruses types B, C, E and F. Although epidemiologic characteristics ... Shieh, Wun-Ju (10 September 2021). "Human adenovirus infections in pediatric population - An update on clinico-pathologic ...

It also encourages human resource development in biomedical research through Research Fellowships, Short-Term Visiting ... Mumbai Enterovirus Research Centre (ERC), Mumbai Genetic Research Centre (GRC), Mumbai National Institute for Implementation ...

Evaluation of human-tohuman transmission of monkeypox from infected patients to health care workers. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(5 ... Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 in India. Emerg Infect Dis 1999;5(2):267-9. Hall CB. Nosocomial ... Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control; 1983. HHS ... Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other ...

Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus can lead to tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia. Human ... Lukashev AN (2005). "Role of recombination in evolution of enteroviruses". Reviews in Medical Virology. 15 (3): 157-67. doi: ... The complete set of viruses in an organism or habitat is called the virome; for example, all human viruses constitute the human ... Zur Hausen H (July 2008). "Novel human polyomaviruses - re-emergence of a well known virus family as possible human carcinogens ...

Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP29 gene. This gene, a member of the SNAP25 ... Corona, Abigail K.; Saulsbery, Holly M.; Corona Velazquez, Angel F.; Jackson, William T. (2018-03-20). "Enteroviruses Remodel ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 22, Genes mutated in mice). ... "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Mouse PubMed ...

M. pneumoniae can cause infections in humans, animals, plants, and cell cultures. It is a parasitic bacterium that invades the ... Nevertheless, they share a common ancestor with enteroviruses. The optimal temperature for rhinovirus replication is 33-35 °C, ... Thus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human rhinoviruses are microbes that play a major role in non-atopic ... Waites, K.B.; Talkington, D. (2004). "Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Its Role as a Human Pathogen". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. ...

Once the chickenpox has resolved, the virus can remain dormant (inactive) in human nerve cells (dorsal root ganglia or cranial ... and enterovirus infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 47 (6): 783-789. doi:10.1086/591129. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 18680414. ... Due to difficulties in studying VZV reactivation directly in humans (leading to reliance on small-animal models), its latency ... Weller TH (1997). "Varicella-herpes zoster virus". In Evans AS, Kaslow RA (eds.). Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and ...

In Canada, warning signs appeared as early as July with a spike in enterovirus ("hand foot and mouth disease") cases which ... The US Department of Health and Human Services decided against a national emergency declaration at the time, deciding to ... "Severe Respiratory Illnesses Associated with Rhinoviruses and/or Enteroviruses Including EV-D68 - Multistate, 2022". CDC Health ... enterovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. With high levels of hand-washing, mask-wearing, and social isolation during the early years of the ...

The human immune system relies on a plethora of cell-cell signaling pathways to transmit information about a cell's health and ... other viruses such as Enterovirus have evolved multi-functional proteins that not only help in viral protein processing but ...

Viruses such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) etc., can stimulate growth of tumours in ... Accessibility is affected by physical barriers, such as in enteroviruses, which replicate in the intestine since they are able ... Viruses causing disease in humans often enter through the mouth, nose, genital tract, or through damaged areas of skin, so ... Virology Glossary of virology Pathogen Pathogenesis List of human diseases associated with infectious pathogens Nathanson N ( ...

The first human cases were reported in Nigeria in 1954. A few outbreaks have been reported in tropical Africa and in some areas ... enterovirus, adenovirus, and alphavirus infections (e.g., chikungunya, Mayaro, Ross River, Barmah Forest, O'nyong'nyong, and ... Animal and early human studies were underway as of September 2016. As of December 2019, there were several vaccine candidates ... As of July 2019, evidence of local transmission from mosquitoes to humans has been reported in a total of 87 countries from ...

Solecki, D.; Gromeier, M.; Mueller, S.; Bernhardt, G.; Wimmer, E. (2002). "Expression of the human poliovirus receptor/CD155 ... "A direct interaction between proteins 2CATPase and VP3 is required for enterovirus morphogenesis". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (8): ... has now been developed by Matthias Gromeier at Duke University for the treatment of human glioma. Wimmer is co-discoverer of ...

"Access to Medicines and Human Rights". Health and Human Rights Resource Guide. François-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health ... enterovirus D68 and Zika virus. A major factor in the economics of vaccines is intellectual property law. IP currently operates ... Ethically and morally, access for all to essential medicines such as vaccines is fundamentally related to the human right to ... On May 15, 2020, Operation Warp Speed was announced as a partnership between the United States Department of Health and Human ...

"Real-time PCR detection of Human Herpesvirus 1-5 in patients lacking clinical signs of a viral CNS infection". BMC Infectious ... and Enterovirus Infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 47 (6): 783-9. doi:10.1086/591129. PMID 18680414. Kasper, Dennis L ...

... on the poliovirus was replaced with the IRES from human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2), to avoid neurovirulence. Once administered, ... Enteroviruses, Experimental cancer treatments, Virotherapy, Biotechnology, Emerging technologies, Experimental drugs, ...

There have been no known cases of direct canine-human or feline-human transmission; although these pets can become infected, it ... Those causing neuroinvasive disease symptoms include the enterovirus infection and bacterial meningitis. Accounting for ... Direct human-to-human transmission initially was believed to be caused only by occupational exposure, such as in a laboratory ... There is no human vaccine. The best way to reduce the risk of infection is to avoid mosquito bites. Mosquito populations may be ...

One form of human interferon named "interferon alpha" is well-established as part of the standard treatment for hepatitis B and ... This pocket is similar in most strains of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses, which can cause diarrhea, meningitis, conjunctivitis ... These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood ... and the pressure placed on the medical profession to deal with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of acquired ...

It may be viewed as the extreme end of one or more continuous human traits found in all people. Imaging studies of the brain do ... These infections include, among others, various viruses (measles, varicella zoster encephalitis, rubella, enterovirus 71). At ... Gizer IR, Ficks C, Waldman ID (July 2009). "Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review". Human Genetics. 126 (1): ... Hyperactivity has long been part of the human condition. Sir Alexander Crichton describes "mental restlessness" in his book An ...

This work laid the foundation for a molecular understanding of cell entry of enteroviruses and for the development of capsid- ... Rossmann MG, McKinlay MA, Xiao C (11 November 2010). "Chapter 16:Design of Capsid-binding Antiviral Agents Against Human ... "Structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses". Nature. 317 (6033): 145-53. ... binding inhibitors against a broad range of enteroviruses. After the success with the first cold virus, work was done on ...

Viral causes include human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human parainfluenza viruses, ... mumps and enterovirus can also cause pneumonia. Another cause of neonatal CAP is Chlamydia trachomatis, which, though acquired ... The most common viral causes are influenza, parainfluenza, human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and ...

Humans are the only known natural hosts of this virus. The disease has been eliminated from the U.S. since the mid-twentieth ... The poliomyelitis virus is an enterovirus that enters through the mouth and multiplies in the throat and epithelial cells of ...

The Hepatitis D virus has not yet been assigned to a family, but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans. ... "Enterovirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-12. Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF ( ... Human-infecting virus families offer rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists/virologists.[citation needed ... Viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease: the family Anelloviridae and the genus Dependovirus ...

W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, ISBN 0-7167-3520-2. Cavalli-Sforza L. L., Bodmer W. F. (1999): The genetics of human populations ... Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F (September 2019). "Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step ... Lars Feuk, Andrew R. Carson & Stephen W. Scherer (February 2006). "Structural variation in the human genome". Nature Reviews ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Evolutionary biologists are often ...

"Serial human passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic human ... His pathological diagnosis at the time was cryptosporidiosis and enterovirus infection, but an analysis of his stored serum in ... "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2". HIV/AIDS Workshop. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Bryceson A, Tomkins A ... "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)". New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute. Baltic S (11 December 2018 ...

Like in humans, there seems to be an increase in IL-6 expression in working muscle and plasma IL-6 concentration during ... are associated with the development of encephalitis in children and immunodeficient mouse models infected with Enterovirus 71; ... In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth ... It has been shown that the reduction of abdominal obesity by exercise in human adults can be reversed by the IL-6 receptor ...

Jensen LM, Walker EJ, Jans DA, Ghildyal R (2015). "Proteases of human rhinovirus: role in infection". Rhinoviruses. Methods in ... Rocha-Pereira J, Nascimento MS, Ma Q, Hilgenfeld R, Neyts J, Jochmans D (August 2014). "The enterovirus protease inhibitor ... 2020). "Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases". ACS ... October 1999). "In vitro antiviral activity of AG7088, a potent inhibitor of human rhinovirus 3C protease". Antimicrobial ...

"Human hookworm vaccine trial". Medical News Today. January 20, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2013. Hanabuchi, S.; Ohashi, T.; Koya ... "Immunogenicity and safety of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children and infants: A randomised, double-blind, ... "Trypanosomiasis, human African (sleeping sickness)". www.who.int. Retrieved 2023-06-16. La Greca, F.; Magez, S. (2011). " ... De Thé, G.; Bomford, R.; Kazanji, M.; Ibrahim, F. (2007). "Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus: Necessity for and Feasibility of a ...

Todaro, George J.; Arnstein, Paul; Parks, Wade P.; Lennette, Edwin H.; Huebner, Robert J. (1973). "A Type-C Virus in Human ... Schmidt, N. J.; Lennette, E. H.; Ho, H. H. (1974). "An Apparently New Enterovirus Isolated from Patients with Disease of the ... Schieble, Jack H.; Fox, Virginia L.; Lennette, Edwin H. (1967). "A Probable New Human Picornavirus Associated with Respiratory ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (HIV) is treated by using a combination of medications to fight against the HIV ... virus Central nervous system viral disease Cytomegalovirus encephalitis SARS-CoV-2 Eastern equine encephalitis Enterovirus ... Existing and emerging viral CNS infections are major sources of human morbidity and mortality. Virus infections usually begin ... Treatments of proven efficacy are currently limited mostly to herpes viruses and human immunodeficiency virus. The herpes virus ...

Rojas M, Farr GW, Fernandez CF, Lauden L, McCormack JC, Wolin SL (2012). "Yeast Gis2 and its human ortholog CNBP are novel ... July 2016). "The nuclear protein Sam68 is recruited to the cytoplasmic stress granules during enterovirus 71 infection". ... Cougot N, Babajko S, Séraphin B (April 2004). "Cytoplasmic foci are sites of mRNA decay in human cells". The Journal of Cell ... Nawaz MS, Vik ES, Berges N, Fladeby C, Bjørås M, Dalhus B, Alseth I (October 2016). "Regulation of Human Endonuclease V ...

For polio to occur in a population, there must be an infecting organism (poliovirus), a susceptible human population, and a ... Other pathogenic agents can also cause AFP, such as enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses. Expanded environmental ... Constable P, Khan HN (5 March 2019). "Pakistan, on verge of eradicating polio virus, faces human hurdles". The Washington Post ... The Art of Survival: The Polio Virus Continues to Exploit Human Frailties. 17th Independent Monitoring Board Report (PDF) ( ...

Since the human population expresses some 13,000 different HLA serotypes while an individual expresses only a fraction of them ... In pediatric cases, Epstein-Barr virus and enteroviruses have been associated with SJS. Recent upper respiratory tract ... Individuals expressing certain[specify] human leukocyte antigen (i.e. HLA) serotypes (i.e. genetic alleles), genetical-based T ... and since the human population may express more than 100 trillion different (i.e. different amino acid sequences) T-cell ...

Sewage can also be tested for signatures of viruses excreted via feces, such as the enteroviruses poliovirus, aichivirus and ... Okoh, Anthony I.; Sibanda, Thulani; Gusha, Siyabulela S. (2010). "Inadequately Treated Wastewater as a Source of Human Enteric ... Systematic wastewater surveillance programs for monitoring enteroviruses, namely poliovirus, was instituted as early as 1996 in ... Potential for Use as Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination". Environmental Science & Technology. 39 (14): 5157-5169. Bibcode: ...

The Wikibook Human Physiology has a page on the topic of: The gastrointestinal system The gastro intestinal tract in the Human ... Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine (enteric meaning intestinal), but their symptoms are ... "The human proteome in gastrointestinal tract - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2017-09-21. Uhlén, ... The whole human GI tract is about nine metres (30 feet) long at autopsy. It is considerably shorter in the living body because ...

Human genome searches have also revealed RNA processing events that have provided significant "sequence space for more ... Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F (September 2019). "Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. RNA world Crick F (1970). "Central ... Jordan IK, Rogozin IB, Glazko GV, Koonin EV (2003). "Origin of a substantial fraction of human regulatory sequences from ...

over 1300 citations) Scherer, W. F.; Syverton, J. T. (1954). "The viral range in vitro of a malignant human epithelial cell ( ... Infection of Naturally Insusceptible Cells with Enterovirus Ribonucleic Acid". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 110 (1): 65-80 ... Syverton, Jerome T.; Slavin, H. B. (1946). "Human Toxoplasmosis". Journal of the American Medical Association. 131 (12): 957- ...

Genes on human chromosome 17, Genes on human chromosome 16, Pages using gallery with unknown parameters, EC 2.7.1). ... Rasekhian M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Amini S, Azadmanesh K (2015). "An Enterovirus-Like RNA Construct for Colon Cancer Suicide Gene ... Human thymidine kinase, in contrast, with its more narrow specificity, is unable to phosphorylate and activate the prodrug. In ... The genes of the two human isoenzymes were localized in the mid-1970s. The gene for TK1 was cloned and sequenced. The ...

... liver cancer in rats and esophageal cancer in humans. For human and animal health, both the FDA and the EC have regulated the ... Enterovirus Hepatitis A is distinguished from other viral causes by its prolonged (2-6 week) incubation period and its ability ... and humans are the main cause of contamination as a substantial percentage of humans are persistent carriers of S. aureus. The ... Mycotoxins sometimes have important effects on human and animal health. For example, an outbreak which occurred in the UK in ...

... s from humans include various cells types (e.g. epithelial cells and cells of the immune system), ... Viruses spread by droplet transmission include influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, and ... Dbouk, Talib; Drikakis, Dimitris (2020). "On coughing and airborne droplet transmission to humans". Physics of Fluids. 32 (5): ... "Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions". Journal of Aerosol Science. 42 (12): 839-851. Bibcode:2011JAerS..42.. ...

Direct infection by viruses, bacteria, mold, or parasites such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic ... is usually caused by infection of anterior horn of the spinal cord by the enteroviruses (polioviruses, enteroviruses (EV) 70 ... Parasitic myelitis Parasitic species infect human hosts through larvae that penetrate the skin. Then they enter the lymphatic ...

Viral meningitis is typically caused by enteroviruses, and is most commonly spread through fecal contamination. The risk of ... or cross-react with normal human proteins. Still, some countries (New Zealand, Cuba, Norway and Chile) have developed vaccines ... Viruses that cause meningitis include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus (generally type 2, which produces most genital sores ... a positive enterovirus PCR). Meningitis can be diagnosed after death has occurred. The findings from a post mortem are usually ...

Also, extensive passage of a biological clone of FMDV in BHK-21 cells conferred the capacity to infect several human cell lines ... Lowry K, Woodman A, Cook J, Evans DJ (June 2014). "Recombination in enteroviruses is a biphasic replicative process involving ... Aaskov J, Buzacott K, Thu HM, Lowry K, Holmes EC (January 2006). "Long-term transmission of defective RNA viruses in humans and ... Detailed studies on quasispecies dynamics in vivo have been performed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and ...