... had relatively short cervical vertebrae compared to Feilongus. Several of the dorsal vertebrae are fused into a ... the shorter cervical vertebrae, and the weaker feet of these two genera. This concept was later followed by Brian Andres and ...

The cervical (neck) vertebrae had shorter centra (main components) than the dorsal (back) vertebrae. A small pit (subcentral ... The neural spines (spinous processes) of the dorsal vertebrae are characteristically tall and rectangular compared to most " ... The centra are at their maximum length and the neural spines are at their maximum height at the vertebrae directly in front of ... At least 21 vertebrae were present, all from the neck, back, and hip; the tail is missing. ...

Three cervical and twelve dorsal vertebrae are preserved, although none are in good condition. Those that have reasonably- ... but the neural canals are quite large in all the cervical vertebrae. The axis vertebra is in poor condition, missing both ... The premaxilla has a large dorsal portion which frames the external nares and fits between the maxilla and the nasal bone, ... The tail, hindlimbs, ribcage and most of the vertebrae remain unknown. The snout is known from a large fragment stretching from ...

The specimen consists of partial cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae and a dorsal rib. In 2023, Bajpai et al. described ... The genus contains a single species, T. indicus, known from several vertebrae and a rib. Tharosaurus represents the earliest ...

The vertebral column of Scipionyx probably includes ten cervical vertebrae and thirteen dorsal vertebrae; due to the fact the ... Below the ninth dorsal vertebra the location of the stomach is shown by a cluster of bones of prey animals, the organ itself ... The tail vertebrae are platycoelous with low spines and backward slanting chevrons. There are at least twelve pairs of dorsal ... From the ninth cervical vertebra to the back, the vertebral joints show the remains of articular capsules. Between the spines ...

... four cervical vertebrae, three dorsal vertebrae, eight caudal vertebrae, a nearly complete pelvic girdle compromising both ... The vertebral column was composed of large and robust cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae. The anterior series of cervical ... The dorsal vertebrae were stocky and had pleurocoels at the lateral surfaces, increasing in posterior vertebrae. Their central ... The neural processes of the dorsal vertebrae show resemblance to those of large ratites such as the extinct moa and extant emu ...

The back of the skull and the cervical vertebrae are strongly crushed, obscuring most details. Eight dorsal vertebrae are ... cervical and dorsal vertebrae, partial pelvis and metatarsals. The skull of Haopterus is with a length of 145 millimeters (5.7 ...

... "an anterior dorsal or posterior cervical vertebra; a dorsal neural arch; a partial dorsal vertebra; the anterior half of a ... middle-distal caudal vertebra; a partial right scapulocoracoid; a partial left ilium; the proximal end of a left pubis; [and] ...

These include: A pleurocoel in the anterior cervical vertebrae located immediately posterodorsal to the parapophysis. A shallow ... A metatarsal IV with a distinct dorsal step between the shaft and the distal articular facet. In addition, Condorraptor differs ... including vertebrae, teeth, rib and chevron fragments, partial hip bones, femurs, a metatarsal IV, and a pedal phalanx. All of ...

The cervical vertebrae are short and broad. Six dorsal vertebrae have been preserved, nine ribs and six belly ribs at the left ... The tail vertebrae at the base, the authenticity of which is certain, are short. The wings are relatively short. The humerus is ...

... only the dorsal vertebra was complete. Most of the cervical vertebra was preserved, but only the centra of the caudal vertebrae ... Of the four vertebrae preserved in the holotype, the largest is the dorsal vertebra (thought to be a second dorsal vertebra), ... It consists of four well-preserved vertebrae, including one cervical, one dorsal, and two caudal vertebrae. Puertasaurus is a ... on the posterior cervical vertebrae, anterior dorsal vertebrae that are very short from front to back, and the animal's giant ...

The material includes cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae, the forelimb girdle, and the partial hindlimb. Timeline of ...

20 cervical vertebrae, 19 dorsal vertebrae, 3 sacral vertebrae and at least 17 caudal vertebrae are present. The atlas, axis ... The cervical ribs are double-headed and start from the third cervical vertebra. The dorsal ribs are single-headed, ... Much of the occipital region has been covered by the displaced cervical vertebrae, so it is not visible and cannot be studied ... The dorsal vertebrae have no elongated transverse processes, but the zygapophyses are very pachyostotic. ...

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed, it would lead to numbness in certain areas of the body. Cervical vertebra ... The root emerges from the posterior part of the spinal cord and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. The dorsal root ganglia ... The dorsal root of spinal nerve (or posterior root of spinal nerve or sensory root) is one of two "roots" which emerge from the ... It emerges directly from the spinal cord, and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibres with the ventral root then ...

... via dorsal rami). It originates from the spinal column from above the cervical vertebra 1 (C1). The dorsal root and ganglion of ... The cervical spinal nerve 1 (C1) is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment. C1 carries predominantly motor fibres, but also a ... the first cervical nerve may be rudimentary or entirely absent. Muscles innervated by this nerve are: Geniohyoid muscle- ...

A cervical vertebra Side view of a typical cervical vertebra Left scapula. Dorsal surface. Section of the neck at about the ... If the dorsal scapular artery comes off the transverse cervical artery, the parent transverse cervical artery splits, the ... It is innervated by the cervical nerves C3-C4, and frequently also by the dorsal scapular nerve. As the Latin name suggests, ... It originates from the transverse processes of the four uppermost cervical vertebrae; it inserts onto the upper portion of the ...

... up to six dorsal vertebrae are fused into a notarium. In some genera such as Anhanguera, four to seven sacral vertebrae are ... The neural spines of ornithocheiromorph cervical vertebrae were generally tall and spikelike. In some genera such as ... Anhanguera, another well-known genus, had a shorter tail, with broad caudal vertebrae that bore a "duplex" cross-section ... Zhenyuanopterus, which is known for having 13 caudal vertebrae, formed one of the longest tails of any pterodactyloid. ...

The cervical vertebrae have a median ventral keel that is well developed. Dorsal vertebrae have a broad ridge running along the ... Most Varanopids have shallow grooves on the lateral surfaces of their vertebrae, but this is only seen in the cervical region ... Articulation of the vertebrae can be seen in some of the individuals in the aggregate fossil, SAM-PK-K8305. This includes the ... Vertebrae of H. scholtzi have neural arches that are slightly longer anteroposteriorly than they are wide, a feature also seen ...

... formed by only four cervical vertebrae. The 28 dorsal vertebrae have tall neural spines, which become pointed and bent ... Caudals (tail vertebrae) had narrow and fairly elongated chevrons and neural spines at the base of the tail, which diminished ... There were three sacral vertebrae, although these were similar to the dorsals and had unusually thin sacral ribs. ... and tail vertebrae. However, it also retained several askeptosauroid-like features of the skull such as a low coronoid process ...

At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve. Cervical vertebra Medulla spinalis ...

... a posterior cervical vertebra; MLL-Pv-010, a partial skeleton including cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, a caudal ... Pilmatueia, like other dicraeosaurids, had tall, deeply forked neural spines on its cervical and dorsal vertebrae. The cervical ... The anterior dorsal vertebrae show an autapomorphic ridge on the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina. Even the posterior dorsal ... the cervical vertebrae of Pilmatueia contain pneumatic chambers. However, as in other dicraeosaurids, the dorsal centra lack ...

... there were 10 cervical vertebrae, 30 dorsal vertebrae, and 2 sacral vertebrae. The body of the dorsal vertebrae presents a ... There are 29 dorsal vertebrae with large ribs. Compared to the cervical vertebrae, the neural arch of the dorsal vertebrae is ... This can infer that the distinction between the cervical and dorsal vertebrae was between vertebrae 10 and 11. The neural arch ... There are two sacral vertebrae. They are similar to the dorsal vertebrae, except for the ribs. The sacrals are fused to the ...

A ventral keel is present in the cervical vertebrae. The centra of the anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae lack a lateral fossa. ... In Polesinesuchus, hyposphene articulations are absent in both cervical and mid-dorsal vertebrae. ... most of which are found in its vertebrae. Its cervical vertebrae show prezygapophyses that widely extend laterally through most ... It is composed of the parietal bone and the braincase as well as postcranial elements including cervical, dorsal, sacral and ...

The holotype includes cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, left forelimb and other ...

It is represented by a single specimen preserving most of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae with the pelvis. A supposed and ... It consists of 11 cervical and 5 dorsal vertebrae with some ribs. The specimen is catalogued as IVPP V11116 coming from the ... The dorsal vertebrae centra, unlike in the cervicals, are narrow and platycoelous with an average length of 7 cm (70 mm). They ... The specimen was labelled under the number IVPP V4731 and consisted of 12 cervical (lacking the atlas), 10 dorsal, 5 (actually ...

The MCS specimen preserves 15 cervical vertebrae and 15 dorsal vertebrae, while the holotype preserves 10 caudal vertebrae; the ... its bones clearly represent that of an adult due to the fusion in the vertebrae, the proportions of its cervical vertebrae are ... It belongs to the "non-elongated" group of elasmosaurids, meaning that its cervical vertebrae are not extremely lengthened, ... its cervical vertebrae would be longer, as with other elasmosaurids), and Vegasaurus does not have a pelvic bar (since the ...

... has a proatlas vertebra, eight cervical vertebrae and probably 16 dorsal vertebrae, though only 15 are preserved. ... There are also two sacral vertebrae. The dorsal vertebrae are amphicoelous, while the cervical centra lack hypapophyses. The ... neural spines grow taller along the cervical vertebrae, with that of the third cervical vertebra being twice as tall as long ... The ribs of the atlas and axis vertebrae are straight, whereas those of the other cervical vertebrae are short and triradiate. ...

There are ten cervical vertebrae, twelve dorsal (trunk) vertebrae, and at least sixteen caudal (tail) vertebrae in ... the cervical ribs having slender shafts and being longer than their corresponding vertebrae; and the front end of the ilium ... These traits included its numerous, small, and closely packed teeth, as well as the vertebrae towards the end of its tail ... the fifth cervical also has the longest. In the third and fourth cervicals, the latter like other derived troodontids, the ...

The neck is known from eight cervical vertebrae, of which only three had been prepared as of 2008. Numerous dorsal and caudal ... The neck is flexible with elongate vertebrae that lack true pleurocoels while dorsal and caudal vertebrae series tend to be ... The dorsal vertebrae are higher than the cervicals, showing an arched upwards ventral surface of the centrum, like in the ... The Cervical Vertebrae have an axis and neural arch that lacks the marked external pneumatic structures of more advanced ...

Allosaurids have 28 precaudal vertebrae (9 cervical, 14 dorsal, 5 sacral) and an estimated 45-50 caudal vertebrae. Gastralia ...

Vertebrae: cervical 7, dorsal 12, lumbar 7, sacral 4, caudal 15 to 20. The ears are rather long and slightly curved inward, ... There is no dorsal hump. The feet are narrow, the toes being more separated than in the camels, each having a distinct plantar ...

Cervical ribs connected to their respective vertebrae through two wide facets ("heads"). The dorsal vertebrae are generally ... However, in dorsal vertebrae close to the neck, the rear centro-diapophyseal lamina is very thick and an additional lamina is ... Cervical (neck) vertebrae are notably tall and their sides are excavated by large ventral depressions, which generates a keel ... Dorsal vertebrae further towards the hip have the parapophyses shift close to the diapophyses, fusing or eliminating some of ...

... the anterior cervical vertebrae have bifid neural spines; a medial tuber located behind both metapophyses on both cervical ... which is a product of a dorsal expansion in anterior caudal vertebra; the absence of a ventromedial process in the bottom of ... generating elongated deep pneumatic cavities on anterior cervical vertebrae; a posteroventral keel on the anterior cervical ... an accessory lamina that runs from postzygadiapophyseal lamina up to the spinoprezygapophyseal lamina in cervical vertebra; ...